Was the Moon Landing faked? | Neil deGrasse Tyson | Big Questions

just go to the moon yeah there'll be a day when AI takes over and it'll make us their pets whatever God is God is not luck hi I'm Neil deGrasse Tyson your personal astrophysicist and I'm here at penguin UK to answer some of your deepest most pressing questions okay have you really thought about what it would take to fake the moon landing because the rocket did launch we all saw the rocket launch okay so there's hardware there there there like office buildings of blueprints for the design of the Saturn 5 rocket hundreds of thought of

engineering hours that went behind this and the records of those designs if you wanted to fake the moon landing you would have to fake all of these documents and it just seems to me it's way easier to just go to the moon has anyone considered that just go to the moon that's easier than faking all of this so no but yeah we went to the moon so climate change will not make earth uninhabitable climate change will make earth a living hell in fact I live in New York City where in our harbor we have the

Statue of Liberty and there she is holding the Declaration of Independence and their left arm and her right arm as the torch if you melt the water ice that's on on land the ocean level will rise to reach her left elbow that takes out all of New York City and basically every other coastal city that we've spent thousands of years building in since the dawn of civilization so life will be very very different so the way I look at it is there there people who want to colonize other planets give us an escape route we

trashed earth let's move elsewhere and hope we don't trash that well there aren't many places to move you'll vaporize on Venus so you're not going to Venus Mars rotates once every 24 hours that's kind of interesting it's tipped on its axis as Earth is which means it has seasons that has polar icecaps the way we still do at this moment and there's evidence of running water on its surface so there's a chance we could terraform Mars my favorite word of the past a few decades you turn something that's not like Earth into something that's like

Earth so then you just move there so here's the catch if you have the power of geoengineering to turn Mars into Earth then you have the power of geoengineering to turn earth back into Earth I don't know if God exists a deeply religious people are certain he exists he or if there are ardent atheists who are sure God does not exist my posture is particularly in the monotheistic traditions that God is typically described as being all-knowing all-powerful and all good yet I look back through history in particular there is a I can choose many examples

but one a famous example is a earthquake in Lisbon Portugal when was it 1755 somewhere around there 80,000 people died whether that earthquake took place on All Saints Day in the morning when most people Lisbon one of the holiest cities in Europe most people were in church churches were the largest structures of the day if you have an earthquake what's the first building to collapse it's the ones that are the largest the most susceptible so people died in churches then there's a tsunami that basically wiped Lisbon off the map either God is not all good

if we define good as being in the interest of your health and longevity that's a pretty simple definition of something that's good for you or God is not all-powerful but it's not clear whether God could be both of those at the same time for that event so I take issue with what many people say God is but there are other kinds of way to think about God they're enlightened religious people who would say God is the manifestation of the laws of physics in the universe I don't have a problem with that but is God the

person who tells you who you should mate with and on what and what day you should eat what kind of food and what who you know is that your god that's different from this other one that maybe just sort of put the universe into place so I don't really concern myself much with it unless someone finds a way that any understanding of God can give me insight into making another discovery that hasn't happened yet there many people who will will see things happen to them that are in their favor and say Oh someone's looking over

me so that's a that's a fascinating phenomenon when that happens and what when you analyze those situations what you find is is that we as humans simply have a profound inability to understand statistics and probability it's really that simple and I hits a quick experiment line up a thousand people and give them a coin and have them flip the coin and if whoever gets tails tell them I said oh so it's about half so five hundred people left you repeat it 250 people left in 125 sixty thirty fifteen eight four two one this is a

thought experiment so half people set approximately half the people sat down every time they flip the coin half of them get heads half get tails there's one person that's standing at the end that person flipped heads ten consecutive times so who does the press go to the press goes to that person and say how do you feel about this well I thought that heads energy about halfway through and I kind of knew I was gonna win I felt I I saw a heads on the VIP and did they interview anybody else who might have felt

exactly the same way but didn't flip heads ten times because they're on their way home now they're not there for the interview so we're thinking that this guy had some kind of clairvoyance about his fate or that he prayed or whatever and so whereas every time you do this experiment basically somebody flips heads ten times in a row and so we don't know how to handle coincidences or things that are rare for you even if they're common in total so ya know whatever God is God is not luck we can demonstrate that mathematically [Music] personally

I'm not all that worried about artificial intelligence and robots taking over the world but almost everyone I know who's an expert in it they're worried they're all worried I'm reminded of Ray Bradbury author of many great science fiction novel about Mars and and other stories he was once criticized someone asked him right why do you have all these apocalyptic futuristic stories is this what you think we have in store for ourselves and he says I don't write these because I think that's what our future will be I write these stories so that you know what

future to avoid and I said who that's deep so the fact that we've had our share of films that show computer intelligence taking over I think it spooked us and a little bit of spooking is a good thing it means you will move forward you'll step lightly but here's my reasoning for why I'm not as afraid as AI experts every manifestation of computer ability that has arisen has been parsed into some task or set of tasks that we previously had undertaken and now the computer does it so we used to build cars on an assembly

line now robots build cars that cars are better than they have ever been people think of robots that'll run around and we'll have all this high intelligence well go back 40 years ago 50 years ago people were imagining robots humanoid robots and then the robot would then drive your car no not today the car is the robot so the idea that you would have what they call general intelligence some kind of entity that can learn anything and do anything and do it better than any of us I just don't see that as the direction things

are headed we'll have tasks we'll get some really good computer to figure out how to do it better than we can and then we it happens so I'm I'm not as worried but if the concerns of AI experts are real and we we need to heed them yeah there'll be a day when AI takes over and it'll make us their pets [Music] we should all behave learn how to behave better because the day AI takes over they're gonna pass judgment on whether humans should continue or not in this world they're rendering all these other animals

extinct they're destroying the environment they can't even be shepherds of their own fate so yeah they'll just exterminate us all have a nice day [Music]