Save the orange trees of the world

[Music] resisting the history of citriculture in saalo am Minas J is a history of resistance because one thing is to grow Citrus but another is to grow Citrus in tropical conditions since the 1930s citriculture in Sao am Minas D has faced daily phytosanitary challenges causing fruit drop impacting production and incurring losses after the Citrus tristeza Citrus canker Citrus variagated chlorosis or CVC and citrus sudden death would follow no other crop in Brazil has withstood so many problems with pests and diseases as orange lemon acid lime and Mandarin Groves have but the worst of all storms

came later in 2004 when Greening or hlb was identified in Brazil there is the Citrus industry before Greening and there is another one after Greening much more difficult wherever it went China India Vietnam Indonesia South America the Caribbean Mexico the United States Greening left unmistakable traces of Destruction but why do sa Paulo and minus jise resist mainly due to two factors the first factor is the vocation for science sou Pao State through scientific institutions and research and development agencies has become to be structured to address Agri business issues for over a hundred years due to

pests in coffee plantations then in 1977 Citrus Growers established the fund for citrus protection fund of citrus the second factor is the knowledge accumulated from all past challenges in the field for example with CVC the importance of planning healthy Nursery plants removing diseased plants and controlling the transmitting insect was learned these measures years years later served as the basis for controlling Greening when the sector still knew little about the disease and because you can make lemonade out of lemons the crisis became an opportunity due to increased changes with teaching research and Technology Development Centers in

Brazil and around the world Funda Citrus together with other project Partners from fapesp put Brazil on the international science map and became a global reference in science and sustainability for citriculture as science is also driven by chance by what is unexpected by what is surprising wasn't that the case with Penicillin reports from Vietnam suggested that Mandarin trees interplanted with guava trees had lower incidences of Greening than Groves with only Mandarin trees they didn't know but the scientists and citrus Growers from the delegation led by Funda Citrus were on the other side of the world looking

at the Grove of the future The Grove of the future is built on knowledge and produces sustainability The Grove of the future features integrated Pest Management biological control and biotechnology it works based on three pillars the choice of the planning area and the external Management in the surroundings of the farm the border and the interior rule number one choose planting micro regions with low or even better very low incidence of the disease with neighbors willing to act together simultaneously and rigorously in controlling Greening in the surroundings of the farm external management involves replacing Citrus plants

that do not receive proper treatment with other fruit species reducing contamination [Music] sources and in backyards and hard to access areas with the release of tamarixia radiata a small wasp that is a natural enemy of the [Music] silid the concept of border is strategic in the Grove of the future first it acts as a barrier to wind currents that carry the silid into the Grove but the greatest move is to make it an area that attracts the silent when the enemy is concentrated in a specific location it is easier to act the orange trees in

the Border are more vigorous therefore they flush more attracting the silent which prefers the tender tissue of the choots to enhance this attraction a trap plant is used Curry leaf or orange Jasmine extremely attractive to the silid everything in the border is inviting to the insect thus control is much more efficient much more sustainable to talk about the Grove's interior we need to return to Vietnam it has been proven in the laboratory that kop philene a volatile compound from guava trees is unpleasant to the silid serving as a natural repellent interestingly car filing is also

present in orange trees the main question was how to make orange trees Amit a larger amount of this volatile compound to repel the silid after 15 years of research these orange trees now exist using safe and modern plant Improvement technology and are in the world's largest field trial of repellency and initial results show that the incidents of Greening in these plants is lower hope is only given to those who are resistant but these orange trees do not readily mature for the caop philene emission to be the highest so when they are young they are treated

with kaolin a rocky mineral natural non-toxic substance that camouflages the plant confusing the silent and these trees with repellent canopies in the future Groves interior will be on dwarfing root stocks that flush less therefore if kaolin confuses it if there are few shoots for it to feed on and if the orange trees repel it where does the insect go Bingo it is directed to the border to the attracting area where the whole insect population will be concentrated the surroundings the borders and the interior of the Grove of the future is where the intelligence is and

most importantly it is not a scientific revolution that only saves Brazilian citriculture it is a technological Suite that all citrus growing regions worldwide can benefit from Greening has no cure the knowledge accumulated so far has not been enough to stop the disease which seriously threatens the world's largest orange juice industry various therapeutic or Rehabilitation methods have been tested pruning symptomatic branches thermotherapy resistance inducers antimicrobial peptides antibiotics nutritional cocktails unlocking floam vessels growth Regulators individual plant protection with anti- silage screens reflective plastic film but all of them invariably end up being somehow impractical the Citrus industry

in sou Pao and minus jise is a source of economic social Environmental and nutritional wealth and science has been making this historic activity increasingly sustainable balancing production and protection with rational use of Natural Resources addressing most of today's Global challenges at once how after all to produce food for a still growing global population with the real threat of impra ability due to to Greening in an already established scenario of climate change with the least environmental impact possible that's exactly what Brazilian citriculture is doing because all resistance is a form of [Music] reinvention for [Music] [Music]