Bay Area 2050: How climate change will impact region over next few decades

[Music] the San Francisco Bay area is home to more than 7 million people who take advantage of a moderate Mediterranean climate with mild wet Winters and sundrenched summers only about 2% of the planet has a similar climate the cool kns grow some of the finest wine grapes in the world during the day Pleasant temperatures along the coast meet the cold Waters of the Pacific it is nothing short of spectacular but the weather here is [Music] changing the fog we count on to cool us down on hot days is Vanishing the evidence is pretty strong showing

that the fog has been on the decline and Rising water threatens our Coastline we're planning for 2 ft by 2050 Monumental wildfires threaten lives and homes we got to get communities themselves better prepared for avability of fire our prized crops are jeopardized by those fires and drought we know that it's warmer we know there's more impacts of extreme events how badly will we be impacted by climate change some answers as we look toward the Bay Area 2050 [Music] one of the things that makes the Bay Area so special is our weather but it's changing and

that change will impact how and where we live from 1950 to 2005 the bay area's average temperature increased by 1.7 de and the speed of that increase is accelerating the annual mean temperature in the Bay Area is expected to increase 4.4 de by 2050 and 7.2 de by the end of the century that may not sound like much but there are already indications that the rise in temperature is impacting our weather take the fog for example love it or hate it it is part of our regional identity we've even given it a name Carl we

notice when it's pouring in and when it hasn't been seen in a [Music] while how many pictures have you seen at the Golden Gate Bridge with the fog pouring through the gate and over the bridge I mean it's such an iconic thing there'll be people out here visiting for a day and they'll ask me how long is the fog going to be around you know and I can't answer I can say Well it may be here for in 5 minutes and you'll be out in a nice beautiful sunshine or it could be here for the

rest of the day you just don't know it just seems to have a mind of its own but it also has such an amazing cooling effect in the summer that keeps the climate in San Francisco so pleasant it's really our air conditioner right for the Bay Area it's very foggy most the time and a lot of moisture on steel so it can create corrosion pretty fast my name is Chris dieselman my title out here is a chief Bridge painter on the Golden Gate Bridge there's always a danger element involv and working out here no matter

what whether it's wet dry so you just got to take your precautions out here where your proper safety gear the weather climate out here is very tough we have the fog we have the wind we have the rain when the fog is here since we are in full containment with plastic walls plastic floors so since we're fully contained like that it can be so foggy outside you can't see the bridge but we can still be in there painting we get right out in the Pacific Basin out here our saturated air but also warm air because

it's basic north of Hawaii and what they do is they start to flow toward the Pacific coast well that warm moist air interact with the very cold water that's upwelling right off the coast of California and it's that temperature contrast that causes basically the air mass to hit the dupoint and we get a fog bank that all of a sudden forms because of this temperature contrast then of course the Inland is warming up hot in the Central Valley that hot air rises and basically like a big vacuum it pulls that air in at night hot

air rises something's got to replace it and it's coming right off the coast so we get that daily pattern of it goinging in and out there's all kinds of ways the fog sits here through the gate it'll sit low sometimes where you just see the Tower of the bridge or you'll it'll sit high and you'll just see the deck of the bridge it could be in here in a matter of minutes I think the evidence is pretty strong showing that the fog has been on the decline even since the early 1950s and the rate of

decline has slowed but it's still going down and so we've lost about 3 hours a day of fog that we normally get during the foggy season between May and [Music] October and the projection is that that's going to continue fog's not going to go completely away but having less of it has definitely showing itself that's going to mean that probably energy use is going to change in the summertime if we have less cool weather people are going to have to turn on their AC More they're going to consume more power it's going to affect the

crops like many of the the Strawberry Fields here in California are right near Watsonville and cerville all the arch chokes they really benefit by having that cool Coastal climate who knows what's going to happen to that when this changes it'll Ripple through you know Society in various ways and how rapidly this changes is really going to have some I think some social and some ecological consequences but these are my fog collectors the water will condense onto these it's basically just fishing line um and they create these beads that hit down here they roll down and

then they fall into a reservoir my name is Paul cybert I'm a PhD student in environmental engineering at the University of California Berkeley so I'm looking at the plant water usage uh specifically attributing where they get water from most of the times we assume that the majority water that plants use comes from rain and so we sort of assume when there's rain plants are healthy and when there's not rain plants are water stressed but we live in a kind of unique climate where we have this really distinct rainy season between uh October and roughly like

the middle of May or so and then directly after it's followed by a time where there's basically no rain but a lot of fog uh and so I'm interested in seeing what the impact is of that on the vegetation that exists in this San Francisco Bay area and then as the rain starts to decrease and fog starts to come in are they getting 30 50% of their water overnight from fog plants have these little pores called stamata that open and close based on the environmental conditions temperature relative humidity light and usually it's considered that during

the night that they're closed and so they don't take in any water and sometimes whenever there's a lot of fog they do open a little bit when there's a lot of fog present and not a lot of groundwater they tend to like using a lot of fog because that's what's available at the time so plants aren't able to move but they're able to adapt to their environmental conditions to try to stay alive it's a really important question about how fog changes are going to affect everything both social ecological climatic and I mean fogs declining around

the planet we see fog declines off the coast of Chile off the coast West Africa and here in California as well I don't think people want to see it disappear you know I think most people at least uh enjoy it unless it's like unless they want more sun you can go to SoCal if you want [Music] that what we do know is the weather is changing those changes will mean different things to different parts of the Bay Area oh Around The Bay that means higher sea levels that will endanger thousands of homes and businesses on

the water's edge we went into the bay to create our Shoreline and that the water will come back into the city where the original Shoreline once existed we explain when Bay Area 2050 continues [Music] the sanan Francisco Bay is at the very heart of the Bay Area the largest landlocked Harbor in the world is likely to get bigger water levels could Rise by nearly a foot by 2050 if current human caused emissions continue more than 300,000 homes in the Bay Area have an 80% chance of flooding in the next 30 Years sea level rise won't

just flood low-lying areas it could potentially unleash an environmental disaster tearing down existing levies and letting the water flow may protect Bayside [Music] communities what the lay audience might not understand is we went into the bay to create our Shoreline and that the water will come back into the city where the original Shoreline once existed I'm Elaine Forbes I'm the executive director of the Port of San Francisco and I am my team are responsible for 7 and a half miles of Bayfront property so our seaw wall and our um stability here provides flood protection to

Big swast of the city now the public will see that this work has led to key answers to the puzzle of how to protect this Waterfront our future depends on taking action now this is why the draft plan is so critical to protecting the city's seaw wall from earthquake and flooding risks we will have different solutions for different areas of the Waterfront so that's really important to understand so along the three miles of historic seaw wall which is really really the urban edge of the city we're going to be looking at interventions like very serious

ground improvements retrofits to building so they're safer we're planning for 2T by 2050 which will allow us to move up to 7 ft to be ready in 2100 so that's a great example pure 70 so they're lifting the buildings lifting the site to prepare for sea level rise it has more capability for accepting a rising tide [Music] I think the thing that's most important for people to understand is that while the risk seems remote planning for the risk designing the project permitting the project finding financing for the project and executing for the project takes a

long lead time and that's why we're planning now and I have a big big expert team on hand and working hard to figure out how do we solve for this major Challenge and it takes time time to do it right I'm Sher padet I live here on the shoreline I work on the shoreline I play on the shoreline of Richmond and I'm concerned about sea level rise and the groundwater moving up we live here on the shoreline where you look out and it looks benign but it is Insidious there is Industrial Waste including uh all

the heavy metals from arsenic to zinc and we're looking due east uh at steg Marsh and just behind it is the Zen which is a toxic landfill and uh the proposal is and it's been approved to build 4,000 condominiums on that site it's not that we're opposed to development per se we wanted the site cleaned up before any development occurred we know that contaminants from a whole bunch of sites right here along the Richmond South Shoreline are in the mud I'm Christina Hill and I'm a professor at the University of California Berkeley and I study

uh the things you can't see underground so like most of the San Francisco Bay a combination of of industry and Military activities during World War II really transformed our Bay Edge this what we're standing on here was an old railroad bed that took workers to the wartime factories like the Rosie the Riveter Factory idea so we know that there are content very important contaminants that would cause cancer in people in the mud here and those have concentrated and flowed down in the ground water because those contaminants are buried so these contaminants typically spread out on

the surface of the water table often times they float on that surface they're lighter than water and then they make their way into creeks and into the bay as well as into sewer pipes and utility trenches it is a catastrophe ready to happen all around the San Francisco Bay Shoreline we need to get our act together now well in 1960s when I was born just a couple of miles from here a third of the bay had already been filled in or dyed off from the tides and there were plans to fill 60% of what was

left it would have left just a narrow River destroyed all this uh great environment people started to realize the threat and they took action I'm David Lewis the executive director of save the bay we're the oldest organization working to protect and restore San Francisco Bay for people and Wildlife life now we have this amazing opportunity because the bay was saved and these Shoreline areas were protected against development now we have an opportunity to restore many of them and help protect us against sea level rise that's coming this feels great nature can really restore itself in

many cases if we give it a chance if we give it a a head start if we give it a push and that's what we're doing here and in just a few years it'll start revegetating and then this gentle slope on the edge here that we've replanted with volunteers that will also become transition zone habitat native plants that help protect endangered species and that will also protect against sea level rise as the tides come up in the next few years because of climate change well if we're successful in the next day decade with work to

restore these areas of the shoreline and begin planning to protect areas where we can't restore marshes but where we can protect infrastructure the bay can still be healthy and vibrant uh we can restore some of the wildlife uh back to sustainable levels and also build communities that are resilient that are protected against sea level rise I think the barria can be a better place to live than ever to be better changes will need to be made nowhere is that more evident than in the parts of the region that face the threat of wildfire climate change

means fire season is an annual threat when you think about fire in the state to be honest with you it's gotten so bad so quickly even a person like me who's been studying this for 30 years was surprised how do we live with this growing danger when Bay Area 2 50 [Music] continues summer in the Bay Area is Wildfire season and it's now longer and more intense than ever before between 2020 and 2023 almost as many acres burned as the entire decade before 15 of the top 20 most destructive wildfire in California history happened within

the past decade if things don't change environmental scientists predict the amount of forested land burned in wildfires in Northern California will increase up to 52% between 2031 and 2050 living with wildfires will now be a part of life for many in the Bay Area and Beyond we estimated 4 half million Acres burned every year in California on an average year climate change makes our difficult situation worse thinking about 2050 and where people are going to be living it's not going to be the same as where we are today California we're known as the Golden State

sometimes I call us the Pyro state it was never really the idea of really Our Town burning down what happened on November 8th will never ever happen in Paradise again [Music] never I'm afraid that if we don't start to change our relationship with where we live and also the Landscapes around us there's no way we're going to get out of this hole but the good news is is a possibility it is wildfire prepared home the beautiful thing is that the town of paradise actually adopted all of the building codes for a wildfire prepared home so

now every house that gets built in Paradise is built to these [Music] standards there's Ember resistant vents metal gutters you have to have a 6-in vertical clearance from any exterior wall you also have to have a Class A fire rated roof the biggest piece for homeowners now in Paradise since houses are just being built with this way anyways is maintaining a 5ot um defensible space area around your home I lost my home in the campfire a couple couple neighborhoods over from here the town of paradise completely burned to the ground and just a matter of

hours it was the most deadly and expensive fire in the United States before lahina we lost 85 people 18,000 structures burned to the ground and 50,000 people were displaced [Music] when you think about fire in the state to be honest with you it's gotten so bad so quickly even a person like me who's been studying this for 30 years was surprised my name is Scott Stevens I'm a professor of fire science at the University of California Berkeley we think about fire our relationship is very adversarial you talk to indigenous communities like I have in the

last several years and it's not that way at all people think of fire is a gift a gift for the stewardship of the land when you think about fire in California is as integral as our soils our water our ecosystems so when you take fire out of a system that had it so integral for so long you change things abruptly and of course then we have human populations that come in and change kind of where we live our [Music] susceptibilities more than 18,000 structures were burned in Paradise 90% of the homes were were burned so

almost every single lot had a home on it that was not Wildfire prepared that was built in the ' 50s 60s 7s and now as homes are being rebuilt on all of these different properties they're being built to the new town codes that are Wildfire prepared every home in Paradise is meeting a wildfire prepared designation I think in the community level we can do so much better just getting ourselves better prepared the services are great but they're not again going to be the solution we've got to get communities better prepared and actually take action at

more organic levels there are neighborhoods all over Paradise now that are becoming what's called firewise communities where you meet together as a community um you walk and and calire is walking along with us to do a risk assessment of every home in the neighborhood I think in some ways though it needs to be more systematic that we can encourage this you know and facilitate this a little bit better in the state because we got to get communities themselves better prepared for n ability of but we just still have to do the other work the other

work that is the I call it the stewardship the stewardship of these lands and getting better prepared for avability of fire it just feels like we're just getting kicked around all the time right and that's where I would say there is tremendous things to be done we can work in the forest of this state most of these forests in this state are all frequent fire adapted that just means they used to burn every few decades or so or less we can go in there and do prescribe burning restoration thinning combinations thereof cultural burning with tribes

if they choose to do that work manage lightning fire in remote areas like youi National Park been doing that for 50 years you could do what we've talked about you could do that in an effort in the next 10 years and at the end of 10 years you'd have victories fire is still going to beat us up we're going to still have bad fires that unfortunately going to burn down communities cause harm but we can see the trajectory of hope I think there is there's huge hope that hope is shared by the agricultural industry as

well California grows a huge amount of the country's food and many people are now wondering how changes in the climate will impact our ability to grow things like our world famous wine grapes there have been a lot of issues that directly relate to climate change drought lower yields associated with that smoke taint heat waves how will the wine industry survive climate change we all know that global warming doesn't just mean that we keep getting hotter it means changes in patterns right as a grape grower you have to be prepared to Pivot at any given time

more when Bay Area 2050 [Music] continues more than a third of the country's vegetables and nearly 3/4 of the country's fruits and nuts are grown in Califoria California but fluctuations between dry and wet years and Rising temperatures have made predicting the future of some crops challenging according to the US Department of Agriculture all of these regions in California will suffer economically among the crops to watch the state's wine grapes California produces roughly 80% of the US wine production much of that is grown right here in the Bay Area in Napa and somoma counties Napa County

will see more days above 90° going from an average of 29 extreme heat days per year to an average of 45 days by 2050 the region is being stressed by climate change experts say warming temperatures in the region are forcing the wine growing season to start a month earlier than it did in the 1950s forcing Vineyards to grow smaller Vines and even changing the types of wines grown as [Music] well we know that it's warmer we know there's more impacts of extreme events there have been a lot of issues that directly relate to climate change

drought lower yields associated with that smoke taint heat waves there's been a mean change in having earlier Harvest my name is Dr Beth forestell I'm an assistant professor at University of California Davis in the department of viticulture and enology Napa and other regions have had much lower yields in certain varieties and cultiv virs than what would be normal in the last several years because of issues around smoke taint and because of issues around climate change I think it's impacted specifically Cabernet Cabernet is incredibly resilient as a grape number one it can be grown in a

lot of different conditions my name is Elizabeth fana I'm the wine maker and general manager here at Chimney Rock winery in the Napa Valley I mean listen we worry we we know climate facts I think if you're a human being on this planet today and you're not worried um something's wrong with you we all know that global warming doesn't just mean that we keep getting hotter it means changes in patterns right and variability so I think that um as a grape grower you have to be prepared to Pivot at any given time and so you

have to be ready for a cool Rainer season or you have to be ready for a very warm season but at the end of the day that's really no difference to being a farmer anyway right Farmers have always been at the mercy of different weather changes so it's something that I think we're kind of inherently prepared for when you see change and starting in the you know 70s through 80s you see this increase in not only mean climate change but really dramatic increase in extremes so more heat waves more extreme precipitation events more fire fire

has become a huge issue changes in the fire Dynamics earlier Frost um more Frost risk in the spring all of these things are compounding and create a lot of issues with being able to figure out what might be able to grow well we groups are one of the few crops where actually you stress the vine and so how much stress you have is really important and you want to keep temperatures within a range so if you have extreme heat events during ripening versus having a more consistent climate that's going to give you very different style

of wine potentially um issues around development or development of really important compounds in the grapes that relate directly to how a wine tastes or how high quality it [Music] is but my name is Tom gamble I'm the founder and farmer for gamble Family Vineyards we're sitting in the heart of Napa Valley Oakville here you can see an expression of a a small Vine mentality the mentality of thinking about planting smaller Vines because they can withstand climate change better than uh a larger Vine I am a third generation resident and farmer of Napa I have been

shrinking the size of my Vines so the healthier Roots I'm developing with and and more extensive root systems those nutrients have to support less of a trunk and have more energy and nutrients going to the leaves and the grapes those are the things that I'm investing in to help Drive the ability to continue growing Cabernet sovon there's a lot more consideration I think of what how we can mitigate climate change with using managing the soils and using more regenerative practices or practices that take into account what's in the soil can we actually use cover cropping

to use less resources less nitrogen inputs less water inputs can it help us save water can it mitigate heat I think Napa Valley is very proactive right now and has been for the last 20 years on what are the things that we have to continue to do to thrive and to produce these great wines and so there's a lot of amazing experimentation going on Napa Cabernet will be there there's still a lot of room for moving it into other sub appalachi or cooler regions in Napa I think to there are options for making decisions around

when they're harvested how you farm them and I think we have to consider that Napa makes a lot of good wine and it doesn't have to be Cabernet the wine growing regions of the Bay Area will adjust to the changing temperatures but how will California's Coastline adjust to changing terrain California has 1100 Mi of Coast the whole coastline is pretty much eroding there's absolutely nothing we can do over the long run the cliffs that make our coastlines so beautiful are crumbling away taking with it homes and businesses built decades ago you're up against forces that

are certainly more powerful than we are nature takes the toll what can be done to address erosion when Bay Area 2050 [Music] continues by 2050 the Pacific Ocean is expected to rise by a foot along the Bay Area Coast that increase is fueled in large part by warming ocean temperatures warmer water brings new dangers including more powerful storms together these forces of nature will will be catastrophic for the Bay Area Coastline Homes will be lost beaches will vanish roads will be destroyed much of the infrastructure we count on that supports millions of people will be

rendered useless the losses will be in the billions of dollars the cost to prepare for them will cost billions more California has 1100 miles of Coast the whole coastline is pretty much eroding there's absolutely nothing we can do over the long run to hold back to the Pacific Ocean we don't battle with Mother Nature and win you're up against forces that are certainly more powerful than we are a Westcliff drive here waves and Tides beat the hell out of this Coast took out the road and the bike path we lost 20 or 30 ft in

one day theight I've been here 55 years I've never seen anything else happened before approximately I lived there 45 years we would lose a half an inch of foot at the most every couple years until around 2010 big chunks of Earth would fall into the ocean at the shortest Point were 10 ft from the ocean we built those houses without any regard for Cal erosion it was the war the waves and the wind the cost of saving the building was so astronomical so to raise 10 million would be almost an impossible task nature takes the

toll erosion is always a balance between the strength of the materials The Rock if it's paranet or sandstone and the forces acting on it so whether it's rainfall whether it's waves whether we're cutting a slope too steep once we exceed the strength of the materials it's going to fail and it could be a river runoff it could be wave attack it could be Glacier so it's basically sort of the external forces dominating over the strength of the material in the long term sea level is rising we're going to have at least another foot of sea

Lev eyes maybe more by 2050 so so the higher the ocean is the more frequently the waves will attack the cliffs or the Bluffs here Pacifica Santa Barbara where we get usually really high tides and large waves that's when most the erosion takes place and the higher the sea level gets the more erosion and the faster the erosion will occur it's accelerating how how much faster it goes up we don't know the other that's going to be more problematic up to 2050 and probably Beyond are what we could call short-term extreme events a hurricane a

typhoon a tsunami those are going to get us in the short term with global warming obviously the sea is warmed up the warmer it is the more energy and so you have stronger events stronger storm events than you had in the past maybe more frequent too through episodic events we lose it all at once and that's what happened here in January so really high tides 7 ft plus offshore wave gauge showed waves 28 ft High those happen exactly at the same time 9:00 the morning of January 5th sea level is going to continue to rise

and so everything's going to get bumped up short-term events on top of sea level rising every coastal city and county in the state is now beginning to think about what are our options and there aren very many there's about four one is denial there's some states back East that have used that approach there's more armor more rocks more walls they're very expensive and I'll say relatively short term it's impossible to keep the ocean from destabilizing the big boulders that they armor The Cliffs with California the coastal m is saying you know we're not going to

prove very many more of those you fix an old one maybe there's a controversy with the coastal commission the coastal commission has a mandate where it says hey we're just going to let nature take its course let what happened in Pacifica just happen everywhere there was actually three apartment buildings and those apartments are built on it's not rock it's dirt Bluff Edge was a 90ft drop to the water and they were within 5 6 ft so the city posted them as unsafe to occupy and they were all demolished and then there's the words that nobody

wants to use manage Retreat understandably Coastal homeowners made that house has been in the family for a generation or two they're not going to give it up Retreat is like that's losing it just gets messy and people don't even want to have you talk about manage retreat we can't do much about it the only thing we can do in the long run is to quit burning fossil fuels quit putting more greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and start to lower that long-term potential but so far we've not done very well and it's no question that what

we're seeing today is dominantly anthropogenic or human induced because the normal cycle of planetary changes we'd be going into a cool period but we're not global Waring has attacked us but what can be done to stop global warming well I think what we see is continued change in climate hotter droughts more unpredictable droughts possibly longer droughts also periods of higher rainfall you know we're not prepared really for that yet you know we we've gotten used to The Climate situation that we live in and and how rapidly this changes is really going to have some I

think some social and some ecological consequences and every coastal city and county in the state is now beginning to think about what are our options and there aren't very many many are hoping things can get better when Bay Area 2050 [Music] continues so where do we go from here without dramatic action to stop climate change globally the future looks much different than what we know today the Earth has already warmed by an average of 2° fah it's expected to rise to 2.7 de by the early 2030s without intervention we can expect that warming to continue

We Can't Stop climate change overnight but we can slow the rate by reducing the human generated emissions that are causing it the Industrial Revolution started us on this path more than 150 years ago stopping climate change now will take new ideas new technology and generations of action to slow down and reverse course we seeing things today that really shock us the past few years the past five there have been a lot of issues that directly relate to climate change heat waves drought 2050 is very soon obviously it'll be warmer more unpredictable droughts possibly longer droughts

also periods of higher rainfall and the climate models have all said this you know we expect to have more variability we're not going to have as much of the Baseline data that we've experienced in the last 100 years you know we're not prepared we've gotten used to The Climate situation that we live in and how rapidly this changes is really going to have some I think some social and some ecological consequences and energy use is going to change in the summertime if we have less cool weather people are going to have to turn on their

AC More they're going to consume more power you know so that's going to change the economics of the area the fossil fuel consumption whatever it might be what I'm seeing is developers who are piling up dirt a little bit just to get out of the flood plane designation and then developing housing and then selling it to someone else who's going to be holding the bag they're making money and they're transferring risk to homeowners and renters so we have to stop conventional development now before there are thousands more people who are going to be vulnerable to

contamination in the soil and to flooding problems that we can't [Music] fix we're struggling with what's the appropriate response and there aren't too many I think in 2050 we're going to have to figure this out or I do think some places in California are going to have far less people in them CU they're going to continue to burn and they're going continue to stress environment stress people stress resources we'll see a lot of poverty created by an unorganized adaptation If instead we use Redevelopment authorities and other kinds of government structures to prepare the ground for

development that can be appropriate for high groundwater then we'll thrive we could live in the kind of environment that we've imagined the Bay Area becoming if we just prepare the ground you know we're starting to see companies that do great interesting things AI trying to work with ideas of trying to get more technology into fire more predictability more detection all that is great but I have to say unless we change the fundamentals the fundamentals is literally the way we interact with land where we live how we live our stewardship of land if we don't change

that that Ai and all the technology is not going to ever get us out of this hole but I'm afraid that if we don't start to change our relationship with where we live and also the Landscapes around us in California there's no way we're going to get out of this hole I hate to think of California having to abandon areas because we haven't taken actions that we think can actually make a difference but the good news is it's a possibility there's great hope in this area there's real things we can do so we can actually

make a difference so that's the good news [Music] if we're successful in the next decade with work to restore these areas of the shoreline and begin planning to protect areas where we can't restore marshes but where we can protect infrastructure I think the barrier can be a better place to live than ever the bay can still be healthy and vibrant uh we can restore some of the wildlife uh back to sustainable levels and also build communities that are resilient that are protect Ed against sea level rise and hopefully that emit less greenhouse gases too so

so climate change isn't as bad as the worst case scenarios we still have time to do this work increasingly we have the money to be able to afford it and the missing piece I think is the political will from our leaders to make the changes in laws and regulations that uh climate adaptation is not optional it's not voluntary we have to require that this planning gets done and and gets implemented soon there's absolutely nothing we can do over the long run to hold back the Pacific Ocean everything we do is short term so the question

is you know what are your most vulnerable locations and how do you deal with them so that's coming it's happening already though it's not the future we're dealing with the mitigation what climate change produces and how to build a shoreline to prepare the other side of it how to prevent the hazards of climate change how to clean the environment how to reduce carbon it's a whole picture of preparing uh for what we've essentially caused the only thing we can do in the long run is to quit burning fossil fuels quit putting more greenhouse gas in

the atmosphere and start to lower that long-term potential but so far even thousands of Teslas are not yet making a difference so we've got you know Global issues trying to get China and India and us together to do that and so far we've not done very [Music] well we know it's an existential threat I mean climate is absolutely the most important Hazard we have for our future Generations and I'm so pleased that everyone's thinking about it and young people are thinking about it as we go into that era I think it's on all of us

to do better you know it's not going away it's very real it's now and it's us the clock is ticking as we speed toward the Bay Area 250 [Music]