Land-Based Empires EXPAND [AP World History Review—Unit 3 Topic 1]

all right welcome to unit 3 for AP World History and that means it's time to talk about how land-based Empires were expanding in the time period 1450 to 1750 and that my friend is a juicy story so if you're ready to get them brain cows milk let's get to it now I'm going to introduce you to these empires in a minute but first let me tell you what they all had in common first these Empires were landbased which means their power came from the extent of their territorial Holdings now in the next unit we're going

to get cozy with various seab based Empires which are cropping up during this exact same time period and the difference is that those Empires get their power from you know the sea second each of these Empires is expanding during this period not unlike my sweatpants on Thanksgiving Day and Third the main cause of that expansion was their militaristic use of gunpowder and that's why you'll often hear them referred to as gunpowder Empires which is a good name because it would be much more confusing if they were called Douglas that's not funny I'm going to cut

anyway the point is these land-based Empires that sprang up in the wake of the fall of the Mongol empire were growing in this period and it was the empires that adopted gunpowder weapons that came out on top and that reminds me the equivalent of gunpowder in AP World History is my himler review guy it's got exclusive unit review videos note guides to follow along practice questions practice exams and answer keys for every dang bit of it so if you want an A in your class and a five on your examin May then click the link

in the description and check it out okay now there are four of these land-based Empires that you have to know so let's get familiar with first meet the Ottoman Empire which is the most significant Islamic empire during this period it was founded in the 14th century after the Mongol Empire went the way of the dodo and it started small but it grew rapidly for two reasons first they controlled this bit of water right here known as the dardel it was a highly strategic choke point and they used it to LA many of their campaigns of

expansion and second Ottomans got busy developing and using gunpowder weapons obviously and by the beginning of our period much of Southwestern Europe and Anatolia was under ottoman control but perhaps one of the most significant achievements of the Ottomans was the sack of Constantinople the heart of the Christian Byzantine Empire in 1453 anyway ottoman Sultan mehmed II sent his giant military along with their giant cannons to lay Siege to the city and start a blasting the walls to pieces and that meant their military could pour into the city for their assault anyway the Ottomans renamed Constantinople

to istan buul and it became the crown jewel of their growing Empire by the end of our period in 1750 the Ottoman Empire had expanded prodigiously second let's get to know the safit Empire here in the Middle East now it was established at the beginning of the 1500s out of the ashes of former Muslim empires and it also had a humble beginning but as the empire grew under the leadership of a sha named Ismael a very significant development occurred namely the Sha declared his Empire a Shia Muslim State and let me explain why that is

kind of a big deal since before this period two major divisions of Islam developed the Shia and the Sunni without getting too far into the significant differences between these two Sexes it's going to be enough for you to know that their main beef had to do with their conflicting beliefs about who was the legitimate successor of Muhammad the Shia believed that it could only be a blood relative of Muhammad while the sunnis believed successors could be elected by the people anyway the reason that decision was so significant is because it made the sa ofid real

stanky in the nostrils of neighboring Sunni Muslim empires most notably the mugal to the East and the Ottomans to the West anyway later under the rule of a guy named sha abas the safh ofan military was expanded like mad and they went ahead and adopted gunpowder weapons and then they had all they needed to start expanding like an imperial boss okay third let's meet the Muslim mugal empire over here in South and Central Asia which replaced the Delhi sulate in the 16th century under the leadership of our boy babber and like the previous Empires mentioned

babber made use of an expanding military armed with gunpowder cannons and guns to extend the geographic reach of his Empire but the mugal Empire expanded even further under babar's grandson Akbar no not that one that one and this guy was all kinds of tolerant of religious beliefs which was real nice after centuries of Muslim rule over the majority Hindu population add Al Akbar was a masterful administrator of the Empire and under his leadership the mugal became the most prosperous Empire of the 16th century and finally you need to know that Ching dynasty in China now

let's back up for a second with the decline of Mongol rule in China a new dynasty was established namely the Ming Dynasty in the 14th century now it's going to be important to know that the Ming dynasty was ethnically Han which is to say that after the outsider Mongols went away they established a truly Chinese dynasty again the Ming established peace and Order throughout East Asia and expanded their borders through what diplomacy no gun powder gunpowder is always the answer in this unit Anyway by the 1500s the Ming dynasty was fracturing due to internal divisions

and external Wars and that's when the Ming falls apart and we get the rise of the Ching now the Ching dynasty was established by another group of Outsiders namely the Manu people to the north of China in 1636 they went ahead and took advantage of the fractured Ming Dynasty and invaded to set up their own Dynasty and from there Ching rulers launched a 40-year campaign of Conquest to claim all the former Ming territory including Taiwan and portions of Mongolia in Central Asia the important thing to remember here for this unit is that the man who

were not ethnically Han like the majority of China's population which would later cause no small amount of tension okay now that you know some of the major land-based Empires you further need to know that they got a little spicy with one another what I mean is since all these Empires had unlimited expansion on their to-do list it was inevitable that they would Clash with one another and they did and their clashes mainly had to do with conflicting religious beliefs and political goals and I'm in the mood to give you two examples first was the safh

ofid mugal conflict which was a series of wars fought between these two Muslim empires in the 17th century now both Empires had their eye on expanding into the Persian Gulf in Central Asia but even more to the point the conflict erupted because of religious rivalry remember earlier when I said it was kind of a big deal that the safavids were Shia Muslims well I wasn't just saying that for poops and Giggles that decision by Sha Ismail put the safavid into direct conflict with the mugal who were Sunni and both claimed to be the rightful heirs

to previous Muslim dynasties so they started slapping each other in a series of wars that lasted decades which in the end had no clear Victory and the second example was the Sanai Moroccan conflict so the sonai Empire had expanded significantly by the 16th century and had grown stupid Rich because of their participation and partial control of the trans Saharan trade but right about that time they began to weaken because of significant internal problems and so the growing Moroccan Kingdom to the north saw the weakness and decided they wanted to have more control over the trade

routes controlled by the sonai so in a surprise Invasion the Moroccans whipped the song High which they were able to do because of their gunpowder weapons of which the s High had none all right click here to keep reviewing for unit 3 and click here to grab my AP World himler review guide which has everything you need to get an A in your class and a five on your exam in May and I'll catch on the flipflop himler out