How to legislate ai

hey chat GPT a quick question sure Johnny what's up a while back I was talking to a friend who told me that AI has the potential to destroy our society and potentially end Humanity the humanity that's not true right well it's not entirely out of the question warning of the dangers of aii artificial int AI poses to the social order there's been so much talk about the danger of the risk that could lead to the extinction of hum wor you AI somewhat and I always find this pretty unsatisfying because they talk about it in vague

terms a threat to democracy enormous threats to democracy losing control so could we lose control of civilization a danger to our society so today I want to show you what those dangers and threats actually look like I've been super deep in all of the new laws that are coming out and being proposed and they really give you a solid idea of what lawmakers and Regulators are worried about how they think this new technology that is rapidly developing could affect our societies and I'm going to lay it out in the plainest terms possible but first real

quick a 60-second explanation on what AI actually is for decades we've used computers to do things that our human brains can't do super well we've developed entire languages to talk to the computer to give them very specific instructions on how to execute a task it's called code and we've been doing this for decades it's gotten really really sophisticated the difference now is that instead of really specific instructions from a human we've built software that teaches itself how to do stuff the humans now just need to gather tons of data from the world and feed it

into this software and the whole point is that we don't really know what's happening inside this black box being able to predict accurate information and solve problems based on a bunch of raw input from the world is exactly what our brains do it is called intelligence in this case an artificial version and it seemingly has the potential to change everything we do which is exactly what makes it dangerous so now let's get specific what do we mean by danger to humanity how could this fancy algorithmic computer software actually do something bad destroy and to get

started there I want to show you something today we're going to be rolling the dice on AI and look at six scenarios of how AI could negatively affect humans and what we can do to prevent it and as we do this it'll be helpful if you remember this graphic this black box where humans tell the AI what to solve give it a bunch of data and let it figure it out by itself in this black box lies the potential promise and Peril of this new technology all right here we go first up predictive policing uh

police should use all the technology available to prosecute crime but not in a PR addictive way so you are innocent until you are discovered guilty not the other way around this is car artigas she's an expert who spent 30 years in machine learning she was the first Secretary of State of artificial intelligence in Spain and now she works on the UN Advisory board on AI we call for the need for the global governance of AI when it comes to understanding artificial intelligence and its effect on society she's really the best person to talk to so

AI you give it a lot of data you ask for it to solve a problem and then it predicts the answer to your problem the more data you give it or train it on the more accurate its results are so like for those monitoring hurricanes the more data it has on sea surface temperature and air pressure and wind speed and humidity levels and ocean heat content and historical storm data the more accurate it will be at predicting where the next hurricane is and what it will look like what is that what if we applied the

same approach to Crime imagine a world where the local police department has access to data of all kinds which they already do we're talking about biometric data in general that means face that means voice even movement and and this type of Records is if I'm in a park what I don't want that my government is on Real Time recognizing Who Am I who am I with at what time and doing what because we are innocent people we have done nothing wrong the police department who's in charge of fighting crime would have an incentive to use

a machine learning algorithm in AI to take all of this data and use it to try to predict who is going to commit a crime I mean it's a tempting idea imagine if we could actually prevent crime before it happens let's not kid ourselves we are arresting individuals who have broken no law Minority Report we we don't we don't believe in legal systems that that predict the rate of crime the concerning elements here is that this could be used by governments or private actors to track individuals without consent infringe their privacy rights establish a mass

surveillance system and there's also a risk of wrongful identification so this is already kind of happening here in the United States recently police in Detroit were looking for a thief and they had security camera footage they ended up using an AI algorithm to search driver's license records and they found what looked like a match this man who they arrested and who spent a night in jail before they realized that they had the wrong person the algorithm had inaccurately matched it the police of the future will definitely use a I to do their job better but

the nightmare scenario is that the police departments get so thirsty for new data that they start tracking everyone and everything in the name of getting ahead of crimes so in this new AI bill in the EU they've made it a legal to collect all of this data and try to train AI systems to predict crime because in their words people should always be judged based on their actual Behavior okay let's see what else the future holds here yes elections we just had one of those here experts are worried that AI will affect elections our democracy

because a huge part of Elections and democracy working is a sense of trust a sense of trust in the system itself that like your votes actually count and the information that you receive about the candidates and about what happened in the election so one of the nightmare scenarios with AI is something that's already happening but it's in its early phases deep fakes something we made a whole video about and as we covered in our previous video on deep fakes it's becoming easier and easier to make a deep fake that looks like a politician or a

leader saying something they didn't say lucky for us though we humans are pretty good at deciphering these fakes partly because hundreds of thousands of years of evolution has trained our brains to be really Discerning of human faces it's how we read other people so for now the effectiveness of deep fakes in swaying elections or spreading a lot of misinformation has actually not been super big but we're just in the early phases of all of this deep fakes or all kinds of synthetic media meaning fake video is going to get way better really quickly you can

imagine an election in 4 years where in Arizona a series of rooc calls are placed using an AI system that has really authentic sounding deep faked voices alerting residents that their local polling station has been taken over by a militia and that for their own safety they should stay home or in Miami a synthetic video goes viral of pole workers burning paper ballots or tampering with voting machines and people see this stuff and they believe it and they stop believing in our delicate system called democracy but you know what this is actually not the thing

that people are most worried about over the years there's been all kinds of image manipulation Technologies like when Photoshop came out people freaked out we can manipulate images techology makes it difficult Maybe even impossible to tell what's real and what's not but we all got really Savvy about that really quickly we now know to be suspicious of images the scarier result of this is actually that we start to doubt everything we see is try to make people believe nothing to lack Trust of our institutions so what do you do about this well in California lawmakers

are requiring online platforms like YouTube and Facebook to find synthetic media and label it or take it down some of these bills even prohibit people from posting in election related content that has been generated or modified using AI at least within a certain time frame of the election the AI bill in Europe is actually requiring anyone that makes deep fakes or synthetic media to code in an invisible Watermark something that we all couldn't see but a piece of software could detect it and see it and know that it's fake but in the AI act what

we uh make compulsory by law is that you must identify if something something has been generated by a human or by Ani and it's going to be by law okay that's the future of democracy let's roll the dice again okay this one's interesting social scoring so for us social scoring is a way that governments can control population and lead to unfair treatment or discrimination imagine a world where your behavior both online and off was tracked and tabulated to create a person score for example in a pathetic country the government deploys an a driven social scoring

system that uh could monitor Citizens online Behavior where you live Financial transactions how good you are at paying your loans on time if they ever complain with their government or not and this all contributes to a score and that ranking allows you or prevents you to access to public services to housing loans so for us is a totally unacceptable risk okay that all sounds really scary but what's crazy is this kind of already exists here in the United States credit to scoring I mean the US credit scoring is also a way to discriminize people here

in the US we let corporations collect a bunch of data about us mostly our finances and then use an algorithm to assign everyone a score that affects our ability to get loans housing jobs and even how much we end up paying for insurance get your FICO score for for free today the credit score is totally normalized we're very okay with this and yet we're okay with it because it's not that invasive so even this kind of benign social scoring system already is discriminatory against certain groups imagine a world where way more information is scrubbed and

used for your social score your employer could buy that data and track more data of you on the job while you're working and they could use all of that to evaluate whether or not you're fit for a promotion whether or not to hire you in the first place they could even track your movement at work analyze your face Your Enthusiasm towards the work your conversations with colleagues and then they could let the machine decide whether or not to keep you or fire you if you're applying to University you would send in your photo your essays

your applications your social media handle all to an AI powered admission system that analyzes it in much more detail than a human could and decides who it lets in honestly this sounds Ian but like it's also really efficient and actually could be more accurate if we got it right theoretically taking out the human bias of who gets into University and who doesn't but it turns out that an AI is actually biased too it's biased to what information it has been trained on and so without some oversight these AI social scoring systems could start to create

major discrimination against certain groups and we would never know it because all of the Discrimination is happening inside of that that black box all we see is the output what comes out on the other side and we're kind of primed to think that it's accurate because the big fancy machine did it so many of you are probably thinking that this already happens in China there's a social credit system if you thought the way Facebook tracks you was scary it's got nothing on the Chinese government it gives you a score between 600 and 1300 and depending

on where you live it can determine what kind of school your kid can go to what parts of the country you can travel to whether or not you can use the heights speed trains what job you can get and in some parts of China they're experimenting with punishing low credit score individuals with slower internet speeds meanwhile people with high credit scores get all kinds of perks better schools high-speed trains but also their government applications gets expedited if you have a high credit score again this isn't all of China and it's not all centralized into one

giant database but with the Advent of more and more powerful artificial intelligence no doubt China's social credit scoring system will become more robust and more invasive and that is what lawmakers in Europe and the United States are scared about Europe places any kind of social scoring using AI as an unacceptable risk you can't use AI systems to rank or classify People based on how they act in society so this is something that according to our values it's not acceptable it's a prohibited use of AI one of the tricky things about reporting the story is just

how many hot takes everyone has about AI I feel like every week There's hundreds of different new developments coming out recently we saw a Nobel Prize was awarded to machine learning researchers and a bunch of new stories came out you can see that one of them likened it unto the invention of penicillin which changed the world While others emphasized the risks of AI and that is why I'm grateful for today's sponsor who is ground news who I've talked about a lot on this channel it is something I use because it is actually incredibly useful they're

having a massive sale right now during the holiday season if you click the link in my description or you scan this QR code that is currently on screen you get 50% off their Vantage plan ground news is a website and an app that Aggregates news sources from all around the world into one place and then it analyzes these news stories and sorts them and gives you a bunch of information that you wouldn't otherwise have like whether it leans right or left the factuality of the article even down to who owns the news outlet ground news

is particularly useful for all this coverage on AI because again there's so many speculative takes again kind of like this video we're all trying to understand this people are covering it in different ways ground news is a tool that will allow you to have a well-rounded perspective as you look at this kind of news and news about many other topics so ground. news/ Johny Harris is the link the QR code is here and with that let's dive back into our next scenario yes nuclear weapons it seems like every one of these scenarios has a movie

to go along with it it turns out we create a lot of sci-fi about the scenario of machines taking over but one big thing I'm learning in this story is that the reality of these risks is much different than how it's portrayed in the movies it's often more boring but more dangerous like we saw with predictive policing or with social scoring but I would say for this one nuclear weapons it's actually kind of like the movies in the movie Terminator an AI powered missile defense system known as Skynet becomes self-aware and launches an allout Nuclear

Assault Against Humanity the real fear here isn't as extreme but it's a similar situation where we fear giving the machine too much autonomy to make these high stakes decisions about war the ultimate of which is launching a nuclear weapon what's tricky here is an AI is often a lot better than a human at synthesizing lots of information to make decisions that are more likely could be accurate for the desired results they can take into account so much more data than a human brain can hold at once and as the AI becomes better and better at

reasoning it will become better than us at making decisions that get the desired result which in war is a very difficult thing so in a future where a lot of our military systems are run by an AI with sensors all over the place drones and ships and cameras and satellites monitoring our enemy mark my words AI is going to become a bigger and bigger part of our defense strategy and yet you can imagine a world where an AI system is in charge of making realtime decisions and one day it sees an adversary conducting military tests

with big rockets and missiles these are just tests but the AI doesn't know that this also correlates with some troop movement in the adversaries country and some unusual communication traffic the system sounds the alarm Bells the president president and the Congress are LED into bunkers and the AI system sends the command to an American submarine telling them to launch a nuclear weapon now okay real quick this scenario is not likely it is not likely at all even if we gave a lot of autonomy to AI systems it's very unlikely that the AI would be able

to do all of this on its own but there's still a chance that it could and that somewhere within this black box some something would happen that would lead to a nuclear launch that would be really catastrophic so because of that lawmakers have all moved very quickly on this one and there's currently a bill floating around the Senate called The Block nuclear launch by autonomous AI act the US is hoping that other countries do this too so we can all just agree hey the machine shouldn't be launching nukes like can we all agree on that

okay so nukes will be off the table soon but there's a bunch of other very powerful weapon systems that are not nukes in fact this is already being used in Ukraine and in Israel where the military gets recommendations from its AI system on strike targets that threatens to make war more frictionless easier and less transparent as to how decisions are made and who should be held responsible we're doing a whole video on how AI is affecting War so stay tuned for that coming in future weeks for now let's roll the dice okay we've got critical

sectors well that sounds boring that's because it is until it's broken critical sectors are things that you and I take for granted but that are important for our very survival pipelines water electricity Transportation food communication systems most of us wouldn't be able to stay alive for very long if these systems went down okay but there's a world where these systems are relying on artificial intelligence machine learning algorithms to help run them more efficiently I mean this is stuff that the AI is so good at that humans just aren't imagine a water treatment plant which takes

your sewage and turns it back into water that can keep you alive soon most of the decisions at this treatment plant will be run by an AI system that makes millions and millions of small decisions every minute recognizing patterns and problems optimizing water levels and chemical usage in ways that humans could never or think about traffic an AI will run your traffic lights your public transportation it will adjust the traffic Flows In optimal ways responding to real time information of traffic patterns and accidents weather conditions this will make your life better it will reduce congestion

and improve overall Transportation efficiency so now just apply this to so many of the systems that you interact with every day that you don't really think about humans won't be necessary at the water treatment plant or at the company that runs the electrical grid except for to come in and repair stuff or do maintenance after the AI tells them that it's time for the most part the AI will fix its own problems and learn from its mistakes getting better and better at an exponential rate this sounds awesome right yes until we see what happens when

lightning strikes and the power grid goes down there's limited backup power and the AI has to start making decisions this AI system is programmed to reduce inefficiencies and maximize profit for the company running it so it analyzes everything it knows and it decides to keep the limited power going into only the rich neighborhoods the ones that consume more electricity and that pay their bills on time so these concerns are regarding biases into this critical infrastructure management while vulnerable population especially elderly or sick or low-income areas could suffer of being prevented of very basic essential services

like electricity because the system could exate the inequality putting the needs of wealth Health individuals over generate welfare of all citizens so once again we see that the AI could be discriminatory in a way that is not fair but the other concern here is the black box that we don't really know how the AI is making these decisions like one night the water treatment plant is humming along but two of the bacteria sensors get bumped by something in the water and it breaks them they're still working but they're not accurately recording the bacteria levels in

the water but the AI system doesn't know this and it starts to inaccurately balance the water and soon contaminated water is being piped into every house in town people are getting sick and they're flooding to the hospital and it's days before anyone realizes that it's because of the water because again no one was there on site apply the same problem to traffic you've got this great algorithmic software that is running your traffic lights it uses GPS information from everyone driving to synthesize the best traffic pattern to reduce congestion but then one night it runs a

software update that slightly changes the format required to read the GPS coordinates as the GPS data starts flowing in the next morning during rush hour all this coordinate data is now being interpreted completely wrong low traffic areas are suddenly highly congested tons of cars are suddenly on these small roads commuters are stuck in traffic for hours ambulances and fire trucks encounter unexpected traffic gems the city runs into chaos and again no one really knows why the humans have become so out of touch with the system because the system is so smart it takes 5 days

before the traffic technicians and Engineers find out what's going on they fix the bug and things return to normal but damage and even death has occurred because of this bug critical sectors and infrastructure are so important to keep not only Our Lives flowing smoothly but keeping us all alive so we can't mess with it we can't offload the responsibility to a machine learning algorithm that could potentially lead us astray and we wouldn't know why so what do we do to prevent this what can lawmakers do to protect us and the answer is open up the

black box so you are running a critical infrastructure show me that you have trained the data with representative data sets show me that that you're not biasing show me that you're not discrimination and then I give you this you know good quality certification product and you can run as we have done with all the industry in the past so like a lot of Life ore products in our life like medicine and whatever companies that use AI to run these critical systems will need to show the government that they are assessing these risks and making sure

they don't happen they're going to have to be totally buttoned up with their cyber secur so that these things don't get hacked so we're still going to be able to Leverage The immense benefits of artificial intelligence in running these systems but we're going to do it with responsibility and safety and a little bit of caution and with that let's get to our last [Music] one okay we're going to end on a high note here the fact is if we do this right advances in AI could dramatically change our world for the better in a world

where AI runs our hospitals and our medical research we could save lives find new drugs that treat diseases that once were untreatable these systems will allow us to predict and prepare for extreme weather events they'll allow us to optimize water use in our agriculture monitor soil health and even predict pest outbreaks before they occur dramatically reducing the need for harmful pesticides and fertilizers this is all very possible and it's coming so I am excited and optimistic about the future of AI especially when there are smart people like card who are working on legislation to keep

guard rails around this technology so that we can develop it responsibly and reap the benefits while mitigating the [Music] risks well you made it to the end of the video congratulations I always knew you [Music] would how about that carme huh pretty cool lady make sure to support us on patreon and we'll see you all in the next video