IPv4 vs IPv6 - What are the basic differences?

Pune is a very famous it City in the western state of India which is [Music] Maharashtra in the 18th century Pune was famous for its vas these vas were the places where people used to stay in a small Clos nit community in the early '90s came the British and then the city was expanded to places like Dean jimana Ferguson college and shivaji nagar and then in the late '90s came the it boom where Pune redefined itself as an IT giant City and then places like hin it Park harabar magar all these different places came into

life and one thing which continuously kept changing was the amount number of people the sheer number of people which came into the City and with growing demand of the these people coming in the you know the people coming for jobs people coming for good opportunities the city needed growth and that's why today after 200 years Pune has completely transformed from a close-knit vas to high-tech cities in it parks and the the boundaries of this whole city has expanded to kilometers outside and why it was done it was done to accommodate the huge number of people

who have chosen Pune as their favorite City to stay and do the job why I'm telling you all this because I love Pune it is my city I have worked here I came here as a struggler I found my job I lost my job here I then again got my job here I got married in Pune my wife is from pun so I love Pune okay so why I'm telling you all this is uh today's topic is IPv6 addressing we will understand why we needed IPv6 addressing in a bit but the story goes the same

when the internet internet came in all the people who thought that IP V4 addresses were sufficient enough for all the devices across the globe uh were proven wrong and we we needed a new mechanism to identify new devices and for that came IPv6 so in this video we'll understand what is the basic difference between ipv4 and IPv6 we will also understand a mathematical concept which will come very handy to you in your exams in your interview which is decimal versus hexad decimal versus binary how these different numbering system connect with each other and hexad decimal

directly connects with IPv6 so we'll understand that and lastly we'll cover the basics of IPv6 addressing model so by the end of this video I hope you will be much more comfortable understanding IPv6 because on the surface it could be very complex just by the look of it so if you are new please consider subscribing and if you get any value at the end of this video please don't don't forget to hit the like button so let's get started so friends let's understand what are the basic difference between ipv4 and IPv6 address and if you

have not watched my video where I have explained IP V4 I think you must check it out that will give you a very good context coming to this video so IP V4 is the traditional way of uh splitting IP addresses across different devices it is a 32-bit address it is denoted by dotted decimal notation something like this 1921 16825 .3 uh if you if you see there are total 4.3 billion addresses right now and not we have not we are not fully done with ipv4 we are still using ipv4 by various mechanisms okay we are

using subnetting we are using masking we are also using natat all those kind of things we are using and still ipv4 is U you know is well in use but it will get exhausted every octed is uh you know there are four octat and every octet is four bits so that makes it a 32-bit address okay overall so yeah this is the basic structure of ipv4 when we come to IPv6 the bits increases significantly to 128 bits okay but you might not see it that big but the real magic happens because it is hexadecimal uh

notation it is not you know a dotted decimal notation so we'll understand that in the next part why it is so significant and it is around like if you if you uh if you go with the IPv6 it is 3.4 into 10^ 38 address addresses which is I think 3.4 340 andon addresses every device in the world on this planet Earth uh could have an IP address a publicly available IP address we have so many uh in IPv6 so there's no problem of exhaustion there's no problem of ending of this capacity it's huge So within

uh IPv6 we have the phenomena we have the concept of hexads here we have octets four octets here we have eight hexad so basically the notation which we use in IP V6 is alpha numeric hexad decimal notation now don't worry about it I'll explain you hexadecimal in a bit but you would see something like this when you'll see IPv6 address or a simplified version of this which we'll cover again in the later part of the video but just see that these are this is called as one hexad so this is one hexad so if you

count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 so total eight hexs we have okay and Within These hexads okay Within These hexads this is called as one bit okay and this one uh you know one bit of hexa decimal notation is is equal to 16 binary bits 16 binary bits one hexa bit one hexa bit is equal to 16 binary bits the conversion happens like this so this is 16 so just to use the space properly I'll just take this particular hexad on top so I'm just talking about this one for now so 2

1 okay this is one hexad in this one hex set this is called as one hexa bit which is equivalent to four binary bits okay so in total these are four hex bits okay so four hex bits equals to 16 binary bits okay so this is actually total to 14 binary bits uh sorry 16 binary bits my bad 4 into 4 16 four bits so 4 4 4 4 it is it is total 16 binary bits and how many total hex stats we have eight so how many total binary bits we will have 8 into

16 so total 128 so this is how it gets converted we will we'll understand this whole structure in detail but yeah this is the basic uh difference between ipv4 and IPv6 now let's understand decimal versus binary versus hexadecimal in bit more detail although it is not the Core Essence of this uh topic uh but it is interesting to know that mathematically so that you don't get confused so I'll cover that as well so friends this section you have to pay close attention and understand that this can get bit complex and confusing so play pay very

close attention and understand I'm just giving you this particular section as a top of understanding okay even if you understand a bit of it is sufficient to understand IP Basics so we have basically three types of numbering system decimal works on the power of 10 okay 10 to the power 0 10 the^ 1 10 to the power 2 so for example if we have to write in decimal 4 uh 453 we will write 4 into 10 ^ 2 5 into 10^ 1 and 3 into 10^ 0 so it uh you know it is ones it

is 10 it is 100 then thousand then 10,000 like that this is our human read form but obviously you know uh when computer came in we wanted to have binary 0o and one and that's where we came to Binary okay but hexadecimal sits in the between because it gives you a compact version of denoting binaries because if you if you try to denote binary in decimals it becomes very very uh you know because binary decimal takes a lot of space you cannot compress and show it and that's why you have the decimal number 0 to

9 and then you came up with another system which is xade decimal which is alpha numeric in nature where you start from 0 till 9 it is exactly similar to that to that and then we have extension to a b c d e f to donate uh to denote till 15 and hexadecimal works as a 16 to the power 0 16 to base 16 it is base 16 number okay you have to understand this and binary obviously has base 2 so anything starts with 2 to the power 0 2 to the power 1 2 to

the power 2 2 to the power 3 for example so if you have a number as zero here in decimal in hexad decimal also it will be zero and in binary how you will achieve zero you will have you have to put 0 0 0 0 in all the four uh sections okay for example uh let's take uh I I'll take some random so let's take five okay so how we will achieve five here just see so we can do 4 + 1 5 so what it will be it will be 0 1 because we

need a four then zero and then again a 1 0 1 0 1 equals to 5 so this is how it works and then if you have a 10 for example okay which is uh you know which is a in hexadecimal so how you will achieve 10 8 + 2 10 so that's why I have kept 1 0 1 0 so we got an 8 here and then we have got a two here so 8 + 2 10 so in this way decimal versus heximal versus binary works and you have to understand we talked uh

in the you know in the previous section that one you know one hexadecimal bit is equalent to four of these bits so that's why you can use it very uh easily okay you can you know you can use it very very easily so if we take a random uh number in hexadecimal for example 1 a f so in order to calculate the decimal of it at you know at this place we have 16 to ^ 2 so we will uh we will take this one 1 into 16 ^ 2 plus a what is a a

is 10 so 10 into 16 to ^ 1 plus at this place we have uh f f denotes 15 so 15 into 16 to the^ 0 which is 1 so what comes 16 to the^ 2 is 256 multiplied by 1 is again same number so 256 + 10 into 16 16 the^ 1 16 so 256 + 160 + 15 into 16 ^ 0 which is uh 15 right because 16 to the^ 0 equal to 1 so 256 + 160 + 15 comes to 431 so 431 in decimal okay can be denoted by 1 AF so

this is how you know decimal notations uh and hexadecimal notations and binary notations work so with this basic understanding of decimal hexadecimal and binary now let's understand the IPv6 addressing model everything about IPv6 so let's take this particular IP address to understand in more detail how we can uh put the notations around it how we can denote it how we can even compress it so number one thing is that we don't have subnet mask in IPv6 we use sl64 notation to denote how many bits are dedicated to network because it is such a huge uh

IP address range we simply just do a 50% split so/ 64 means 128 bits are in total if you divide it by two that's 64 bit so 64 bit 50% is dedicated to uh Network bits and this 50% is given to the host bit the second important thing is how to reduce the complexity of reading such long I uh you know IPv6 addresses so there are some Global rules which have been implemented the number one is that you can omit the leading zero so if you have a zero here so 21 colon 0 db8 so

you can reduce this and the second one is any continuous block of zeros okay if you have uh continuous blocks of zeros then that could be simply denoted by a colon okay but the caveat is you can only do it once throughout uh this particular IP address you can't do it multiple times so you can only do it once so if you have to rewrite this address again we will write 21 colon DB 8 because we have omitted this then simply colon because we are just reducing this okay and then c 1 1 1 colon

b 2 2 2 colon a 3 3 3 Colon D E F so this is somewhat you know somewhat better than than the last one okay so this is very important uh notation because because it compresses it and it makes it easier for humans to read the third thing which you need to know is out of these 64 bits which are dedicated for Network generally this 16bit is dedicated for subnetting so if you have to draw subnets you can use it using this particular these 16 bits within uh the total range of uh 64 bit

okay so now this is the basic structure now we can uh we can quickly understand different type of IPv6 addresses uh which which are in use today okay so let's understand those so guys while there are other types as well I consider these three uh are the primary ones which you need to know and then you can explore further so first one is global unicast which has a global routing prefix so any device uh on the internet which is connected to uh the internet using a public IP address for example will have this Global unicast

IP address okay so for example in your house if you're using IP V6 you will definitely have all the devices which are connected will have a global prefix and that Global prefix is generally from here till uh till here okay so first 48 bits okay these 48 4 44 okay so uh this one bit is like I explained you right 16 bits okay one uh one hexa bit equals to 4 so this is one hex and this one hex equals to 16 bit so 16 16 16 so 16 3 are 16 3 are 48 okay

so the first 48 bits which you have are called are used for your Global prefix that prefix will be common across all your network which is conect connected to public internet and it is a routable address which means using this address you can go and connect to uh an external network or a public internet the second one is unique local address which will be mostly used in companies and organizations and it is uh equalent to your private uh you know private IP and it it uses slack which is stateless automatic configuration Auto configuration wherein the

device within that particular network will automatically uh get one IPv6 address so you actually if you see if you uh if you know dscp dynamic host configuration protocol uh that is not used completely with IPv6 some of the functionality is still used but the basic functionality can be used for assigning uh the IP address for Unique local address this is not routable this is within the private Network we are talking about a private Network then uh you will have your IPv6 using slack okay uh this is not at all routable guys link local address is

again used for initial configuration suppose you are bringing a router into a particular Network so for that initial configuration setup uh we uh assign uh you know we assign link local address within that particular router as a set of initial setup okay once it is configured completely it will either use a global unicast or a unique local address so yes guys and another important point is we uh IPv6 provides unicast uh multicast uh addresses as well okay but it does not entertain broadcast it has multicast it has manycast it has uni cast but it does

not entertain broadcast addresses okay broadcast means sending everything to everyone within the network so that is something which IPv6 does not entertain as per my knowledge correct me if I'm wrong but this is what I know uh so yeah you need to keep that in mind so yes guys this brings us to the end of this video after a long time I made a video uh in so in so much detail going into the network addressing and all that let me know if you got any gist out of it just to rephrase IPv6 is the

future it provides us so many different IP addresses that we need not to worry about IP addressing anymore and yeah with all the different benefits it provides I think in next 10 years 15 years uh down the line almost everyone of us will be very very acquainted and very very comfortable in seeing IPv6 addresses and using it so friends I hope you like this video if you do please hit the like button hit the Subscribe button and let me know your thoughts and comments what you would want to learn next on the channel we make

it interesting for everyone so until next time guys keep learning keep sharing all your knowledge and yes keep hustling bye for now