There are no known habitable exoplanets

there is a lot of astronomy misinformation online today it's impossible to avoid whether it be uninformed articles saying blatantly false information or the god forsaken AI generated space channels that are popping up everywhere today there are entire planets people think exist that don't like j1407b which isn't even a real planet and was refuted years ago which I have a full video about one of the main reasons I made this channel was to help stop misinformation any way I can I've made a whole video about j1407b and how it doesn't exist so I might as well do more videos like that and this one is about habitable exoplanets everywhere you look there's someone claiming that NASA found Earth 2. 0 or this planet is better for life than Earth and similar things most of these focus on specific planets most notably Kepler 22b Kepler 186f proximus Inari B the entire tropis one system and dozens more but most people don't realize that every single one of these planets are terrible candidates for being habitable they are some of the best candidates we have but that only means that the other planets are worse not that they're any good so I'll be going Planet by Planet explain why every potentially how old exoplanet probably is inh habitable and after that I'll go over some planet candas that actually have a good chance of being habitable first let's start with the notorious Kepler 22b Kepler 22b is in the habitable zone of its star where temperatures are right for liquid water to exist other than that it shares absolutely no similarities with Earth and should have been removed from the list of potentially hble exop plants a long time ago for one thing we don't even act accurately know its mass we know that's less than 9 times the mass of Earth but that's it we do however know its radius and it's 2. 3 times wider than Earth rocky planets usually don't get that wide and with Kepler 22 B's likely mass that really only leaves one possibility Kepler 22b isn't a rocky planet this means that it probably doesn't even have a solid surface and resembles Neptune more than Earth it is possible the Kepler 22b could be a planet entirely covered in hundreds of miles of water which would account for its low density but just because water could exist there doesn't make it habitable Ultra deep oceans like this probably aren't good places for life because from what we can tell life requires some sort of volcanic activity to start up or that being hydrothermal vents in the Deep oceans or hot springs on the surface it's kind of hard to get these places when all your volcanoes are an underwater ocean with pressure so high the bottom layers become solid so whatever Kepler 22b is it's probably a smaller version of Neptune or an ocean planet with water too deep for its own good it's safe to say that Kepler 22b despite having the right temperatures for Life probably most likely doesn't have anything else going for it making it almost certainly uninhabitable this is extremely important for the rest of this video just because an exop is in the habitable zone of its star that does not mean it's habitable The hav Zone just means that any Planet within it should have temperatures right for liquid water to exist on its surface it says nothing about the amount of water an exoplanet has or its atmosphere or if it has enough atmospheric pressure to support liquid water or its size or every other factor that makes makes a planet habitable from what we can tell so far habitable planets are rare extremely rare anyways the next exop planet on this list is Kepler 186f Kepler 186f at face value is a lot better than Kepler 22b it actually has a mass comparable to Earth for example at about 1.

5 times the mass of Earth so unlike Kepler 22b it's probably a planet that has Solid Ground out of all the planets I'm going to cover today I think Kepler 186f has one the highest chances of actually being habitable but of course it has a major problem it has an equilibrium temperature of 120° f or 85 C that's colder than the average day temperature of Mars in fact it's about halfway between the temperatures of Mars and Jupiter to be fair we don't know Kepler 186 F's actual temperature that number comes from an estimate if it doesn't have an atmosphere if it does a greenhouse effect could warm it up however it still doesn't change the fact this planet would be extremely cold even with an earthlike atmosphere if you managed to get an atmosphere thick enough to make temperatures habitable it would be pretty easy to tip right over the edge and get stuck with a venus-like atmosphere so Kepler 186f is probably either too cold to sustain life an extremely delicate and unlikely viance or a hellish venus-like world it's caught between two awful extremes and we don't know which one it is there is still a slim chance that Kepler 186f could be habitable but I wouldn't keep my hopes up you may have heard that Kepler 186f could have red plants if it was habitable and that would probably be true but this planet highlights another problem in exoplanet science people only really talk about the potentially habitable ones whenever people talk about Kepler 186f nobody talks about Kepler 186b c d and e the other four planets in the system all between 1 to 2. 5 Earth masses that orbit closer to the star than F there are four other worlds in the system four other plants that could be just as interesting as Mars or Venus or Titan or Mercury yet nobody talks about them planets don't need to be habitable to be interesting and by only focusing on worlds like Kepler 186f we ignore the thousands of other extremely interesting worlds in the universe but it only gets worse from here in contrast to Kepler 186f Proxima B is in my opinion the least likely to be habitable of any planet on this list in fact it's probably not just an unhabitable but uninhabitable to such an extreme that Mars and Venus look like paradises by comparison and that's not an exaggeration the fact that we even consider Proxima to be potentially habitable is insane to me because has so much going wrong that it makes it look like habitability is impossible of course until we figure out its environment we won't actually know for sure but with all we know so far you can make a pretty good case that Proxima B is dead from what we know so far everything that could possibly go wrong for Proxima B probably has from the Star orbits to its distance from said star to the existence of Proxima CA a second planet in the system absolutely everything has it out for Proxima B I've already made a full video going more in depth about the habitability of Proxima B which is linked in the top corner of this video to avoid repeating myself here's everything that probably makes Proxima be in IR radiated Wasteland that would make mercury jealous in a quick list one it orbits a red dwarf that flares a lot two those flares probably strip its atmosphere and oceans away if it even had any three when red dwarfs are young they like to fling volatiles like water away making it unlikely that Proxima be even formed with water in the first place four Proxima B is probably tily locked to its star five Proxima C exists and there's some evidence for an asterid belt between the two planets if this belt does exist Proxima us in a perfect location to fling asteroids toward Proxima B which in the time it's been around for have probably been enough to sterilize the planet and six temperatures on Proxima B can suddenly drastically Spike thanks to Proxima centari flares it's really bad with all this going against it I can't imagine a universe where Proxima B is habitable of course we don't actually know what the environment of this planet is like because it doesn't Transit star from our perspective atmosphere characteriz is extremely difficult but it's unlikely to have an atmosphere at all these problems are common for most red dwarfs including the next stop trapis one is one of the most interesting systems we've come across with seven earth-sized planets orbiting the star three of which are in the habitable zone for more in-depth exploration of the system check out my grand tour of trapist one video but like proxim of be these plants are subject to the flares of a red dwarf trapis one is actually really calm as far as red dwarfs go but that's likely because of its age which is around 8 billion years it was likely much more active when it was young and the planets were forming like proximus enti over the 8 billion year history of the system trapis one has had more than enough time to blow away the oceans and skies of any planet that had them and we actually have evidence for this trapis 1B the first planet of the system is very likely airless according to data from the James Webb Space Telescope making it like a super Mercury of sorts this isn't too surprising but so far trapis 1 C D and G all show signs of being airless too and there's not enough data for e f and H yet this is bad news for the rest of the system as if all four of those plants are airless then becomes incredibly likely that the remaining three are as well trapis 1 C actually has a decent chance of holding on to a thin atmosphere as I explained my grand tour of trapis one video but that doesn't change anything so far it seems likely that most of the trapis one planets have no atmosphere including the ones in the habitable zone but they probably do have iic activity B specifically so just because they probably aren't habitable doesn't mean the system is uninteresting just trapis one is yet again not a good place to look for life k218b is our next stop and it's over eight times the mass of Earth this Mass alone means it isn't earthlike no matter what for comparison that's half the mass of Neptune that already makes its chances for habitability slim since it's probably either an ice giant or an ocean world like cap War 22b however k218b is different because the James web Space Telescope potentially discovered dimethyl sulfide a sign of life on the planet however this discovery has been massively click baited so I'll clear it up right now James web did not detect D methyl sulfide it detected evidence for it and the dimethyl sulfide is not actually confirmed to be there the scientists who made the discovery didn't even claim to have found dimethyl sulfide just tentative hints of it no scientists actually claimed a definitive detection of a sign of life that's just clickbait James web also observed signs of a water ocean on k218b but just like the dimethyl sulfide not definitively but this idea of a water ocean on k218b is now considered unlikely because as it turns out oceans made of lava not water fit the data better I've already talked about this more in my ocean planets video but essentially k218b is most likely an uninhabitable super Venus with never ending oceans of lava on its surface definitely not habitable but like all the other plants so far a super Venus with lava oceans is still an incredibly interesting world to study glea 667cc like Kepler 186f actually does have a chance of being habitable it has an estimated temperature of about 39° F assuming it has no atmosphere so it's already better than Kepler 186f in that regard however the planet has an uncomfortably high mass of over 3. 5 times heavier than Earth at minimum it also orbits yet another red dwarf because of its high mass it's much more likely for this planet to have an atmosphere than smaller red dwarf planets but this could also be a curse as it could have too much of an atmosphere and become another Super Venus like k218b like Kepler 186f an extremely delicate balance will be needed to give Giza 667cc a habitable temperature which isn't particularly likely but unlikely doesn't mean impossible so of every planet on this list I'd say only Kepler white 6f and glea 667cc have any real chance of habitability there are plenty of other potentially habitable exoplanets but most of them we can't say for sure if they could be earthlike or not because we don't have enough data about them tgard and B is a great example of this we basically have no idea what that planet is like so I left it out of this video however out of all the potentially habitable exoplanets over the months of research I did making this video I found one one planet candidate out of dozens of potentially habitable planets that actually has a good chance of being habitable this is toi700d immediately I should point out that toi 700d orbits a red dwarf so I'm kind kind of hypocritical for this one because I specifically eliminated Proxima B in the trapis one system because they orbit a red dwarf but the difference is toi 700 D star is a young red dwarf this means multiple things that all work in favor of D's habitability one the star is much brighter than the Red Dwarf of its size should be because of its young age this means toi700d orbits further away from its star than other habitable zone red dwarf planets giving it a much lower chance of losing an atmosphere or becoming tidally locked D also receives nearly the ex exact same amount of energy from mid star Earth receives from the Sun though we did think trapis 1 C would be venus-like for that same reason and that's not true but D still does receive an incredibly earthlike amount of energy it's about 70% more massive than Earth which is still small enough to probably be Rocky but big enough to make holding on to an atmosphere easier because of its large size and young age it also very likely is geologically active making building up an atmosphere much easier too there's also the existence of toi 700 c a second planet in the system C is about seven Earth masses meaning if it Formed where it currently is it should have taken up most of the inner system material making other planets impossible to form this means that D must have formed further away from the Star when a star system is forming the further away you go from a star the more volatiles like water there are so if toi700d formed further out it would have gained more material to build an atmosphere in oceans than it otherwise would have so toi700d is a lot going for it there's still thousand different environments this planet could be like but out of all the potentially habitable exoplanets I've seen this is the only one where I could actually see it being an earthlike world with oceans in an atmosphere but this video should serve as a reminder that just because a planet is in the habitable zone that doesn't make it potentially habitable most of these plants are probably as bad as mercury venus and mars if not worse habitability is a very unlikely thing is it possible yes completely but we haven't found any promising candidates yet so whenever you see an article claiming someone found Earth 2.