Dental Caries - Introduction and Etiology by Dr Suresh Shenvi

[Music] hello my dear students Welcome to our Channel Aspire 32.com and this is Dr Sur eni today we are going to learn about dental cares which is one of the most important topic in the Dentistry Dental carries can be defined as an infectious microbiological disease which results in localized disolution and the destruction of the calcified tissue of two structure the dental cares is commonly termed as the dental decay carries can be learned under following headings the iology that is the cause of the carries followed by pathogenesis classification diagnosis prevention and the treatment plan and today

we will be Lear learning about the iology of the dental cares cares is a multifactorial disease however it requires four factor in order to form the first being the plaque and the microorganisms the tooth the diet and the time all four essential for the cares formation the three factors together constitute the key Triad to which the time was added later and then it was termed as a Newburn tirod as you can see in the image without all the factors the carries won't initiate or even progress let's learn about the role of microorganisms in the initiation

of carries plock is a soft tenacious substance which is sticky in nature it contains various microorganisms and water and salv protein not all the organism from the plaque are responsible for the carries formation basically there are three three organisms which are involved in the car formation that is the steptococcus mutants then the lactobacillus acidophilus and the anomis vosis however each organism has a specific role in different type of cares formation streptococus mutants is one of the most important organism which is involved in the cares formation it is both acidogenic and aciduric that means it can

survive in the acidic environment and even produce acid it has an enzyme called as glycos silk transferase which is involved in the breakdown of sugar that is the sucrose and forms dextran and this is the substance which allows the organisms to sustain on the tooth hence the questions generally will be asked regarding the steptococcus mutants is what is the significance of it during the carries and the answer should be without the steptococcus mutants the carries will not ini iate second organism is the lactobacilus acidophilus as mentioned earlier it is the steptococcus mutants which initiates the

cares the lactobacillus is only involved in the progression of cares so if somebody asks you what is the organism involved in the car's initiation then the answer should be streptococus mutants and if the car progression is asked then the answer is the lactobacillus acidophilus the third organism is the actinomyces VIS it has a special role in the root carries formation so here the question will be asked what is the organism which was involved in the root Carri formation and that is the actinomyces vosis now let us learn the role of the tooth in the cares

formation natural tooth with the susceptible tooth surface exposed to the oral environment is the first prerequisite for the dental care is to occur generally non- self-cleanable areas are more prone to develop carries as they provide stagnation areas for the dental plant pits and fissure are such areas which are hard to reach with the toothbrush or even to clean these are the areas which are formed due to improper Fusion of developing tooth loopes the pits and fissures are prone for carries and can be seen in the occlusal surface of molars and premolars buckle surface of mandibular

molars the palatal surfaces of the maxillary Ms and the lingual pits of the maxillary iners along with this the proximal surface which is below the contact area is also very susceptible to carries and the root surface following the ging recession or the defective marges around the restoration are also prone for the carries formation apart from this the biochemical composition of the tooth also has a role in the carries enamel surface of the new formed erupted teeth is highly susceptible to carries because of its increased carbonate content of the enamel crystals with age the surface becomes

more resistant to carries because of the post eruptive maturation that changes the composition of the surface enamel there is an increase in the fluoride which is anti- cariogenic in nature and makes the enamel resistant to dental carries now let us understand the role of diet in the initiation of the dental cares formation modern diet is the third major factor in the development of dental cares as compared to the Primitive diets there are several detrimental changes in the modern diet physically the diet is less fibrous and more refined and soft and sticky this favors the stagnation

of the food on the tooth surface chemically the diet is mainly composed of carbohydrate which are cogenic m material modern diet contains more of a refined carbohydrate like sucrose fructose glucose which makes food more cogenic generally the diet that is rich in the refined carbohydrates and low in proteins predisposes to the growth of the cogenic organism another Factor promoting the carries is the consumption of snacks between the meals so out of all the factors that is the quantity and the quality the most important aspect is the frequency at which the carbohydrate is consumed so it

is advised that the sugar should be taken during the meal time so that the frequency is reduced and the incidence of carries is less basically the organisms when receive the carbohydrate mainly the sucrose they metabolize this carbohydrate that that is the sucrose and release acid called as lactic acid and this lactic acid is responsible for the demineralization of the tooth along with this when the carbohydrate are metabolized it forms a substance called as dextron and lons and these are sticky in nature and help in stagnation of microorganisms on the tooth and further promoting the carries

formation so to end the lecture let me tell you what are the important questions here which is the organism which is involved in the initiation of carries the progression of carries root surface carries what areas on the tooth are susceptible for carries formation which is a main carbohydrate which is commonly involved in the cares formation and out of all the properties which is the most important property of the diet which has high cogenic potential I hope you like our lecture if you like it please share and subscribe to our Channel Aspire 32 in the next

lecture we'll learn some more aspects of the dental [Music] cares