Daesh : la multinationale du terrorisme

This flag is today the symbol of terror. Those that the Islamic State rules the world. Islamic State, Daesh in Arabic.

This terrorist group floods the planet with his films spectacular propaganda. Mounted with great reinforcement Hollywood-style special effects. Blockbusters which are the showcase of an organization billion rich today.

In terms of communication, this multinational of terrorism would almost pass the ex enemy number one, Osama Bin Laden, for a hobbyist. To build his fortune, the Islamic State has carried out what no terrorist organization had not dared to imagine, build their own state. 5 hours flight from Paris, straddling Syria and Iraq, the jihadists took control of a territory as big as Italy, on which live 10 million inhabitants.

We woke up one morning by saying hold on, we have a new neighbor which is called Daesh. At the borders of this territory, now a huge front line. Come I'll show you.

The stakes of this war is not only territorial, it is also economical because the subsoil of this region is one of richest in the world. Daesh wants to steal our land, our oil, our women and our honor. They want to occupy our territory to take everything from us.

At the head of the Islamic State, Abubakar al-Baghdadi introduces himself as the caliph, in other words the successor of the Prophet Muhammad. I have been appointed to rule you. To establish his authority, he uses barbaric methods to say the least.

slavery of women, execution in broad daylight, in particular by one of the methods most appalling: beheading. And his organization does not hesitate to threaten us directly. You won't be safe, even in your dreams, as long as you don't not convert to Islam.

Paris, January 9 the Islamic State strikes France. Before being shot down by the forces of order, Amedy Coulibaly, the hostage taker of the Hyper Kosher, killed five people. Of the attacks he claims in a posthumous video in the name of the Islamic State.

[Inaudible 00:03:11-00:03:14] you are attacked. By broadcasting videos of propaganda directly in our language, the terrorist organization looking to recruit a maximum of French fighters. This is a message for all muslims who are still living in the land of disbelief.

Why you haven't emigrated yet? They would be like this a thousand French people to have left swell the ranks of an army estimated at 50,000 men. Based on this finding, we wanted to understand precisely how daesh became this terrorist organization the most powerful and the richest of all time.

We investigated the different funding sources of the Islamic State, starting with oil, which constitutes a part very important part of its income and whose jihadists still practice today heavy smuggling despite international pressure. By encountering what trades with Daesh, we have discovered another sector, even more surprisingly, that of cotton. A raw material including the terrorist organization slash the prices to enter international markets to our home in France.

We don't care to know where does the cotton come from? You don't look what about quality and price? Yes, especially the price.

We will also tell you how Daesh extorts 10 million civilians who live under its control in order to increase his immense fortune every day. My neighbor told me: "If you want, I'll take you to see the emir. " "You have to pay it in gold.

" I told him I don't want no details and I fled. This investigation led us in different countries of the Middle East. A region under high tension or the blind violence of Daesh, hits every day.

For three months, we have thus plunged at the heart of the economic system of the Islamic State. Ironically, Daesh must partly his rise in the United States. In 2003, the Americans decided to overthrow the regime of Saddam Hussein.

My dear fellow citizens, as I speak to you, American forces, aided by an international coalition, are on the eve of a military operation to disarm Iraq, liberate his people and defend the world against grave danger. It will only take three weeks coalition troops to overthrow the dictator. But the fall of him who ruled Iraq with an iron fist for 25 years, will have unintended consequences.

Far from being pacified, the country enters in an era of instability and violence. A chaos from which emerge many terrorist groups. To cope, coalition soldiers increase in mass arrests, sometimes arbitrary.

What they don't know is that they will thus favor the meeting of the future founders of the Islamic State. In this picture the prison US military from Camp Bucca. In 2004, a simple secretary stopped by chance will be there detained for a year.

Her name ? Abubakar al-Baghdadi. In this camp, the man will become radicalized in contact with a group confirmed jihadists.

Like us explains Jean-Charles Brisard, who runs the Center analysis of terrorism. It is truly an open-air incubator. They didn't need to be in hiding.

They were brought together by the American army in this camp and therefore were able to very freely design what was going be later The Islamic State. Once released, al-Baghdadi and his associates launch their terrorist enterprise, aided by wealthy patrons from the Gulf. But the real project of the future caliph and create a new state and self-financing.

Thanks to the chaos in Iraq then the civil war in neighboring Syria, they first conquer neighborhoods, then whole swathes of territories, until today controlling half of Syria and a third of Iraq. They reign over cities of many hundreds of thousands of inhabitants, like Raqqa in Syria, which they made their capital, and since June 2014, Mosul, the second largest city in Iraq, that they took in a few hours and where they pulled off the heist of the century. The Islamic State controls the main banks very quickly.

The Mosul branch of the Central Bank of Iraq, gets his hands on several hundred millions of dollars. And then other banks, nearly thirty locally present banks. And that, indeed, it represents several billion dollars coming in in the boxes directly.

In just one time ? In just one time. The Islamic State now has start-up capital to continue his great offensive.

Its territory, in perpetual expansion also allows him to multiply its sources of income. In particular, the jihadists exploit a raw material extremely valuable: oil, that they arrive unbelievably to extract and sell around the world. According to our information, they represent today a quarter of the income of the Islamic State, is a little less than 600 million euros per year.

Unable to access hundreds oil wells controlled by Daesh. So to understand how mere terrorists extract this black gold and turn it into millions of dollars, the only way is to surrender on the sites that the Islamic State lost in the vagaries of war. Off to Syria.

On the other side of this river, there is a region controlled by the Kurdish army. A territory recently taken over from Daesh. His particuliarity ?

The many oil fields who are there. From this road, to the village, all was under Daesh control. Siliman Zehef is today the local Minister of Petroleum, he will reveal to us the amazing simplicity with which the jihadists arrive to extract and market black gold every time they take control of an oil site.

On this one, the traces of Daesh are still clearly visible. what is written on the cistern over there? It is written the Islamic State in Syria.

The jihadists have a radical way to exploit oil wells. The Minister will show us that their method is both rudimentary and extremely efficient. Is all this oil?

Yes, all that it's petroleum. Generally, they dig a river which connects the well to an accessible place. And once it's done, they just have to use small pumps to fill trucks.

A coarse trench as a pipeline and you're done. This system allows jihadists to run their well at full speed. If I use the well, I can get 600 barrels a day out of it.

But they go up to 1000 barrels per day. Normally we cannot exploit it in this way, but they don't care, they just do it for the money. The risk with such exploitation of the well is to destroy the extraction system.

thousand barrels per day, this represents 160,000 liters of oil. By thus extracting black gold in a frenzied way, the jihadists want to garner a maximum profit in minimum time. Because this oil will then be the subject of intensive smuggling.

An obviously illegal trade, whose contours will be revealed to us by one of the Daesh fighters, now a prisoner of war. The interview takes place in a room from the headquarters of the Kurdish army. To preserve his anonymity, we will call him Abou Hassane.

He agreed to talk to us and said to be free of his words. He is a 27-year-old Syrian, who was in charge monitoring an oil well. What was your job exactly?

We did patrols. around oil. There were tank trucks who were coming.

those who worked there filled them with oil. And where did the oil go? Some was refined on the spot and gasoline was sold directly for local consumption.

On the other hand, crude oil was exported to the Turkish border. Approximately how many barrels were exported to Turkey? About 3000 barrels.

There are special tank trucks. Some had a capacity 60 barrels, others 200 barrels. Yes that's it, there was about 3000 barrels exported per day.

To find customers, the terrorists do not hesitate to cut prices. According to Abu Hassan, every barrel of Daesh oil is sold around 20 €, three times less than official market prices. At the height of this traffic, the Islamic State has thus gained up to 2.

5 million euros per day. In theory, the jihadists however should not be able to sell this oil, because this is the subject of an international embargo supposed to cut them off. But in Baghdad, at the Iraqi Ministry of Petroleum, we assure that some countries do not respect this embargo.

Turkey is singled out thinly veiled. The oil regions controlled by Daesh have borders with Turkey. Of course, there this traffic is very common.

And because they have accomplices, it helps the oil to circulate. many countries in the world, takes advantage of this oil at very low prices. Unfortunately, some preferred see their own interests rather than fighting Daesh, even if it means encouraging oil traffic.

You have to say that the borders of the territory of Daesh with Turkey are at least porous, in places, like here, almost symbolic. The black flag of the jihadists is only a few tens of meters away. Once the oil has passed to the Turkish side, the case is won for the Islamic State because there it is directly mixed to legally imported oil.

Impossible then to go back to its source. It is very difficult to draw, even impossible to trace this oil very quickly from an identifiable oil as coming from wells controlled by the > we switch to an oil sold on the international market oil delivery man if you will. And where there it's totally impossible to trace.

Because it is a fungible product. Refiners buy oil that they buy from intermediaries, who bought it from other intermediaries and so on. Indeed, we are in a situation where the oil at the end of the race, is untraceable, or there is not traceability of this product.

Some of this Daesh oil would even happen directly in the tank of our cars. A scandal revealed last september by the ambassador of the European Union in Iraq. For Daesh, oil, it is the sinews of war.

Unfortunately, European countries buy their oil from them. To try to cut these smuggling routes. An American-led coalition been knocking for several months the installations oil companies in Syria and Iraq.

This would have had the effect, to halve income oil-related Daesh. But the Islamic State managed to diversify for his conquests are always driven by economic interest. Not happy to have gotten their hands on on oil, gas, phosphate mines and cement works, the terrorist organization also conquered one of the plains the most fertile in the region.

Agriculture earns him every year 180 million euros, in particular thanks to a culture just as untraceable as oil. Cotton, with 500,000 tonnes produced every year before the war, Syria was among the ten largest exporters in the world. This is one of the revelations of our investigation.

While purchasing our clothes here in France, we finance, perhaps without knowing it, terrorism. Because this Syrian cotton that always arrives in the global textile market, is heavily taxed by Daesh. Much of low cost clothing sold in France comes from Turkey.

And to produce those cheap t-shirts, local manufacturers look for the cheapest cotton possible and no matter where it comes from. For it, traders like Anouar have a supplier found everything: neighboring Syria. How much cotton has already been imported and how many tons?

For the past three years, is that what you mean? Yes. About 200,000 tons.

Two hundred thousand tons, mostly imported from Daesh territory, because the terrorist organization control today 90% of Syrian cotton fields. But this is no problem for Anouar because this cotton has a huge advantage. To prove it to us, he takes us to a Turkish weaver, one of his most important customers.

Hundreds of spools of thread come out of this factory every day. They will be used to make fabric, then clothes. The boss matters cotton from all over the world.

different origins, for different qualities. That's cotton which comes from America. OK.

I show you cotton cleanliness. And Syrian cotton, where is he ? That's American.

Very clean. Is there cotton from Syria of possibility that we can compare? That's Syrian.

What is the difference between the two ? It's cleaner. There's no of foreign products inside.

And this one is much cheaper. Less clean, but 20 to 30% cheaper than American cotton. In the low cost, Daesh's cotton holds its place, although for some time under international pressure, the Turkish government trying to limit imports.

Apart from the price, what advantage do you have to buy this cotton? The advantage is that it is cheaper and what's more, it's all ready. The fields are barely ten kilometers from my factory.

Cotton at your fingertips therefore low transport costs, a considerable advantage to produce at low cost. This is why in Turkey, everybody everyone tears off the cotton of the area controlled by Daesh. This lucrative business, occult yet a shocking reality because over there, in Syria, the producers are directly taxed by the Islamic State.

For €1 worth of cotton sold to its merchants, farmers pay €0. 10 euros to the terrorist organization. But at the other end of the production line, everybody seems to turn a blind eye to this phenomenon.

Look, they are to make t-shirts there. We will check it again in this textile factory which notably produces t-shirts and joggers for the local market, but also for Italy and for France. To make these clothes, the factory partly uses cotton from our Syrian importer.

These pants, for example, could very well contain cotton from Daesh areas but for the director, It has no importance. When you make your clothes, do you know where does cotton come from? Where it comes from ?

Yes, the origin of cotton. Nope, it just looks at the quality. We don't care to know where cotton comes from.

Just the price and quality. Exactly the price first. The price first?

Because of you. Because European brands or Westerners don't pay enough? Yeah you can't imagine how much he offers us.

For example the cost of a T-shirt which is two euros. French brands tell us can you produce it for one euro? You understand what I mean ?

Not €1. 90. They press always too much the price.

In contrary as one might think, The Islamic State is absolutely not cut off from the world. If certain commercial exchanges are only made on the black market, others, on the other hand, are displayed out in the open legally. Apart from weapons, oil and financial flows, no embargo weighs on the area controlled by terrorists.

In this territory live 10 million people that it is necessary keep feeding. A situation from which Daesh greatly benefits. Kilis, a city in southeastern Turkey, border with Syria.

Here, the import-export running at full speed. Mahmood, is a poultry trader, he wants to show us the road that leads to one of the most important customs posts. We come across an impressive number of trucks waiting to cross into Syria.

Why all these trucks stopped there? They are waiting for their turn to return in Syria because there are a lot of people. And they go all to Syria?

Of course, all of this these are exports to Syria. cement, iron, food products. Also in Daesh areas?

Of course, there is even merchandise which goes as far as Mosul. Through this border post, Mahmood sends every week at least three food trucks, destined for the Islamic State. Daesh is located 26 kilometers from this border post.

The Turks let it pass the goods very easily. That day Mahmoud must send 5,000 chickens to Syrian traders. These, they all go in the Daesh area.

Me, I come to make sure the condition of my chickens. Why are you sending live chickens? It is because Daesh prohibits to bring in frozen products.

They want live chickens To be sure that they are well slaughtered according to the Muslim rite. As he does with any of its clients, Mahmood declares his chickens intended for the Islamic State, quite simply at Turkish customs. Look at this this is the export permission.

To go to Azaz? Yes, that's it Azaz but also Camichelot, Raqqa or Hassake. Raqqa or Hassaké, two cities whose the Islamic State controls all or part of it.

A few minutes later, we will see than Mahmood's truck actually go through customs no problem. Ease of movement goods who participates directly financing the Islamic State. That's what will reveal Hassane to us, who works in one of the many import-export companies in the city.

what do you do exactly in this office? We also work in road transport. What does that mean exactly ?

We transport goods from the Turkish side to Syria. We have trucks and we send the goods client Turkish to Syrian customers. We even have warehouses there.

These trucks pass the border every day to reach areas controlled by the Islamic State. Recorded journeys in his account book. There, for example, cola was sent to Al-Bab.

There, it's cola also towards Al-Mayadeen and there cookies in Raqqa. And this is for one day? Yes one day.

There, for example, we have taps, they go to Al-Bab. Here, for example, is the border with Iraq, there are cookies. goods largely aimed at the needs of the population.

But some donors private also benefit from this sector fully legal export to finance directly Daesh in kind. They send goods directly to Daesh to sell them on the market and so they get the money back. Did you understand what I meant?

It's like that get the money back. The last time, he sent them telephones who went directly to Daesh, who sold them a little cheaper than market prices. So he makes money to buy other goods, like weapons and pay wages.

Besides the goods which are directly intended for him, Daesh also recovers money on traditional transactions between traders. In Gaziantep, the main town of this border region with Syria, we find Mahmood, the poultry trader. His Syrian client received the 5000 chickens.

Mahmood will now get paid for them. For this, he will call to an opaque financial system used to circumvent international bank blockade under the control of the Islamic State. We accompany him collect his money on hidden camera.

The pharmacy is well-established, but no registration commercial on the front. Inside, without discussion, the person behind the counter hands over a wad of cash to our merchant. The order to give him the $10,000 was passed over the phone directly from Raqqa, the capital of the Islamic State.

Don't have receipts? Nope, this system is completely illegal. This money transfer is well known terrorist financing experts.

We are typically as part of an Awallah, which is a traditional system, informal money transfer. Aballah means trust or exchange. Typically we have a person A who wishes to transfer money to a person B.

Person A is the customer who bought the chickens from Mahmood and who is in Syria. Person B is our merchant in Turkey who has to get paid. between the two countries, bank transfers are not possible.

So they will call to an international network offices illegal exchange. The Syrian customer will surrender in an office near his home with the $10,000. This office will call its correspondent in Turkey and ask him to remit the same sum to Mahmood.

Like the two offices regularly work together and that transactions go both ways, cash inflows and outflows balance themselves. Money never circulates? It does not circulate, there is no transfer, There's no transaction as such.

A technique already widely proven by many terrorist groups. Especially Al-Qaeda who used this system to finance the attacks of September 11. It allows to send large sums of money.

Mahmood sees wads of dollars passing by every day before his eyes. All the big ones local traders do this. Me, with my $10,000, no one pays attention to me.

The sums exchanged here is 50,000, 100,000, 1 million dollars. As underground as it is, this parallel economy don't escape to the Islamic State organization. In Raqqa, transfer offices of money are taxed by Daesh.

Of the $10,000 received by Mahmood, about $40 would have gone directly in the boxes of the terrorist organization. The commercial exchanges are an important source of income. Everything that passes by the territory is punctured.

By these customs taxes, Islamic State forces even his enemies to finance it. On the outskirts of Baghdad, Jamila wholesale market, one of the most important in the region. It is here that traders of the Iraqi capital are coming get fruits and vegetables.

For lack of sufficient culture in Iraq, some products come from the West, but most of the goods is imported from neighboring countries. That comes from Turkey. Over there, we have potatoes from Syria and tomatoes from Jordan.

Nearly a thousand trucks arrive here every day. According to our estimates, 10% of them come from Syria and Jordan. To go to Baghdad, they have little choice of route.

They must cross the territory of Daesh and for that you have to pay. When he passes the province of Al-Anbar or by Camaqam where Daesh controls, every truck has to pay a right of way of 250 €. It is very expensive, does it affect your business?

Of course, for example, at the moment, the kilo of melons climbed to 800 dinars, which is very expensive for here. As they take €250 per truck, our costs are rising and this is the population who suffers. With these taxes, the Islamic State pockets around €30,000 a day, and this only for the Baghdad market.

And no way for traders to cut it. Daesh customs officers have radical methods against bad payers. One day we had a Syrian driver who did not want to pay the right of way of his truck.

So they let it pass, but they took his plate and returned. They told him: "You pay for the round trip and penalties or we'll cut off your head. " And since they had no other roads, they were obliged to take the same path.

And in the end, he paid more? Four times the normal price, it was either that or his head. This right of way is not a simple bribe.

The terrorist organization formalized this tax. She even emits payment receipts. We, we are obtain this document.

Top left is the flag of the organization and on the right, registration Islamic State in Arabic. Below the name and the first name of the driver, the cargo, here barley. Then the price of the tax 21 € per ton for a two-day right of way.

And finally, at the bottom of the page, the official stamps of the Islamic State. Because Daesh is not only a terrorist group. The organization wants above all to appear as a State.

As one can see on this propaganda video, she intends to preside over destiny of these 10 million citizens. Like any country in the world, The Islamic State got a government. So we have the leader al-Baghdadi who has under his command a cabinet, that is, ministers.

In this government, everyone is in charge a specific portfolio like oil or war. And at the heart of the system, there is the Minister of Finance named Abu Salah. With a whole administration under his orders.

On the financial plan, there is indeed a finance minister who is then seconded in each province by a correspondent, by a financial manager who reports to him who in terms accounting in particular. Next, it happens at the local level. There are financial committees who decide on investments, investment choices.

Mainly investments geared towards the war effort. To fund it, Islamic State administration has implemented a tax policy particularly lucrative. Daesh thus knocks out its 10 million citizens of all kinds of taxes.

A racket that allows them to harvest millions of euros every month. A financial windfall constantly increasing. She even exceeded oil smuggling in the income from jihadists.

The details of this racket will be revealed to us by a group Syrian opponents exiled in Turkey. Mohammad is one of its founders. Is this your office here?

Yes, this is the meeting room. Like Mohamad, all those who work here are Syrians and all are from Raqqa, the self-proclaimed capital of the Islamic State. With the complicity other activists who remained in Syria, they decided to fight Daesh propaganda posting pictures online and videos which show another reality everyday life in Raqqa.

On a site with an evocative name, Raqqa has her throat cut in silence. Each day, via an encrypted and anonymous Internet, his correspondents in Raqqa him send photos of daily life or documents official issued by Daesh. Here is a photo taken before the new Islamic court.

Risking their lives, activists regularly take photos of official buildings of Daesh, including slogans challenging terrorists. Here it is written: > There we see the ministry of Zakat. Zakat is charity paid by every Muslim who can afford it in favor of the poorest.

But in Raqqa, these donations are diverted by Daesh. Zakat has become a compulsory tax, a source of funding for terrorists. Depending on your monthly income, you pay a tax to Daesh.

If your income is €100, you have to pay 2 €. But there are slices and each new slice of 100 €, it increases. Here they are putting back bills and zakat money.

Here, he is writing receipts. look here the last amounts of zakat, 1,252,000 Syrian pounds. And that is a lot for a resident of Raqqa?

It is a huge sum. Before the civil war, we paid 50 officials with this sum. In addition to this income tax, Daesh use every excuse imaginable to extort funds to the people of Raqqa.

Traders have to pay a tax between five and 10% of their turnover. Terrorists also control access to telephone and running water. height of cynicism, as Daesh does not arrive to maintain the electrical network in good condition.

To have light, residents are obliged to buy generators. And that's good, it is Daesh that holds this market. We see here one of these generators on these exclusive images than a resident from Raqqa sent us.

The Islamic State sells them for €150, and he also sells gasoline to run them. Is it like a mafia? Exactly.

A widespread system of extortion, insatiable administration. And the most incredible, it's only to do operate public services, Daesh does not pay €0. 01.

Salaries of civil servants continue to be paid by official States, those same who fight the Islamic State. When the jihadists annexed the great Iraqi city of Mosul, they chased away the rightful governor. He found refuge 100 kilometers away out of area occupied by Daesh.

Atil Anoudjahiphy is not idle for all that. Also surprising as it may seem, it continues every day to sign official documents and send orders to his services in Mosul. Because 50,000 Iraqi civil servants still live inside the city.

And above all, they continue there to provide public services under the control of Daesh. There are 2,000,000 inhabitants in Mosul, it would be very difficult to manage a mass exodus of this population. On the other hand, we don't want to lose the machinery of government which still exists there.

We assume that these officials remain on our side, that the presence of the Islamic State there is only temporary. When we liberate Mosul, the city can leave grace to its officials as before. In the meantime, the Iraqi authorities therefore continue to pay each month wages of its officials.

To pay them Baghdad uses the same process that its merchants that we had filmed at the border between Turkey and Syria. The money is sent from Baghdad to Mosul through a network exchange offices. Over there, it's the department heads who collects this money and who then dispatches it to all of their teams in Mosul.

According to our calculations, Baghdad would pay each month to its officials in Mosul more than 220 million euros of salaries. hard to imagine that such a sum of money escapes the vigilance of the Islamic State and that he does not use the passage. In Baghdad, we asked the question to the economic adviser of the Iraqi Prime Minister.

Mouder Mohamed Saleh first appears categorical. We are very careful, believe me. Not a penny goes in the pocket of the Islamic State.

How do you do to prevent Daesh from using it? We try but we do our best so that Daesh do not benefit from this money. You can't tell us more about your security mechanisms?

It's technical, it's not easy, it's technical strategy. Explinations extremely confused and for good reason, not happy to benefit from free the work of Iraqi civil servants, The Islamic State additionally deducts part of their salary in the form of taxes. This is revealed by several reports, including this one.

He comes from a group of international experts. According to them, the terrorist organization would deduct up to 50% of these salaries. These salaries represent billions of dollars every year.

Their taxation constitutes so for the Islamic State a potential source revenue of several hundred millions of dollars. This large scale racket imposed by Daesh pushed millions of civilians to flee the territory of the Islamic State and in particular all these religious minorities persecuted by the administration terror establishment by the jihadists. Like the Christians of Iraq who have found refuge in camps on the edge of the area occupied by the Islamic State.

A while ago, they represented 10% of the country's population. Many lived in the Mosul region, taken ago just one year by Daesh. June 9, Daesh entered the city.

Our Muslim neighbors have warned us flee! Don't stay in Mosul because there is danger for you. The men of Daesh clearly announced at the mosque that we had a choice between the payment of a special tax, conversion to Islam or death.

My neighbor said to me: "If you want I'm taking you to see the emir, you have to pay it in gold according to the number of people in your family. I told him, "I don't want any details and I fled. " This proposed choice to Christians has been formalized in a document of which we found a copy on the Internet.

This one, written in Arabic, is issued by the Ministry of Justice of Daesh. His message is unambiguous. We offer them three possibilities, Islam or be under protection by paying the jizya, in case of refusal, there will be only the sword.

The jizya a name which dates back to the Middle Ages. It is a tax imposed on non-Muslims by which they buy the Caliph's protection. If you cannot pay this tax, they pay with their lives.

Like in this video of propaganda published at the end of April. It depicts the execution of 28 men presented as Ethiopian Christians. It would be in fact simple migrants who were trying to reach Europe and who would have found themselves in the wrong place at the wrong time.

You won't be safe even in your dreams until you convert to Islam or else you pay the jizya. And in Mosul, the amount demanded by Daesh was exorbitant. Anane is a refugee here with her husband and her four children.

Buy Daesh Protection for this family was simply impossible. The tax depended of your income, for each of us, it was 100,000 dinars. We were seven we had to pay 700,000 dinars a month while my husband who worked in the construction industry, didn't win every month than a million dinars.

It was difficult for us to pay And we thought it was illegal too. You took money from Mosul? No, Daesh took everything, we have nothing left.

They took our house. Recently someone told us that all our furniture had been taken from us, the living room, the bedroom and the TV. They emptied the whole house and Daesh settled there.

Growing minorities in exile, Daesh embarked on religious and cultural cleansing. For a year, jihadists have been filming themselves conscientiously ransacking deserted churches by Iraqi Christians. Propaganda images that lead the whole world to believe that Daesh is only guided by religious ideology.

And yet, these videos hide much more mercantile ambitions. Because far from destroying everything, Daesh has set up an immense traffic of relics and antiques. To trace the trail of this traffic, you have to go to Lebanon, on another border with the territory of the Islamic State.

We are in the Christian village by Raz Baalbeck. Eliane Nassar, the priest found himself well in spite of himself to have to trade with terrorists. Last year he noticed than Syrian religious relics sold on the black market in the neighboring village.

Big bells. They come where are these bells from? From the church of Sainte-Anne de Maaloula.

With the help of his parishioners and a wealthy Lebanese industrialist, he decided to buy back these items from Daesh. He has already spent almost 90,000 euros. If you didn't have them bought, where would it have gone?

In my opinion, in Europe. First, because Europeans like to have items from the Orient. The Islamic State, understood the interest of some unscrupulous collectors to Syrian heritage.

And this does not concern not just biblical art. Syria is home to some jewels of antiquity, such as the city of Palmyra, listed world heritage of humanity and who has just fallen a few days ago in the hands of Daesh. Sites like this, the jihadists control more than 6,000 today in Syria and Iraq.

Treasures that they do not hesitate to plunder. This will be confirmed to us by a fence that we meet in Turkey. The man whom we will call Borat acts as intermediaries, in particular between Daesh and German collectors.

A traffic that he describes to us as being perfectly orchestrated by the jihadists. Are you in touch with the Islamic State? Yes yes.

When working with them, we are only allowed one date and 1 hour only. One appointment. There's no second visit.

You look, if you like, you buy, otherwise you leave or you might have problems. That day, Borat has no merchandise to sell, but he agrees to take us with another intermediary he knows. For security reasons, we pass ourselves off for buyers and we accompany him on hidden camera.

The men come from Aleppo, in Syria. They tell us to hold objects from all over the country, including ancient sites controlled by Daesh. All objects come from Aleppo?

From Aleppo, from Deir Ezzor, from everywhere. The intermediary presents us first a set medallion of gold whose marble head dates from antiquity. A jewel that he sells at a high price.

That costs $15,000. He also has in his possession this bowl of the second millennium before our era or its bottles plundered from graves. We claim a reflection period to end this meeting.

Smuggling natural resources, collection of taxes of all kinds, extortion, agriculture and donations. All these sources of income offer to Daesh an annual budget estimated at more than 2 billion euros. A budget which, according to the jihadists, would greatly allow them to finance their thirst for conquest.

To start, this money allows the organization to pay all his new recruits. This was discovered by David Thomson, journalist at Radio France International. It's been several years that he is in direct contact with jihadists on the Internet.

He was thus able to establish a salary grid very precise of the army of Daesh. All fighters receive roughly the same amount. It's not a lot, it's $50 a month, this is the salary base of the fighter.

And then there's also $50 which are given by women, knowing that every fighter can have up to four wives. And also $50 per slave since the group restored the slavery of women. And then $35 per child, then there are a lot of bonuses, especially if you win.

We know that during the capture of Mosul, almost all fighters who participated at the Battle of Mosul in Iraq in June and taking the city received a $2,000 reward. So it's a significant amount for an Islamic State fighter. But to lead well his conquests, Daesh needs more and more fighters.

And to recruit the promise of a salary is far from being the only argument of the organization. This also puts these billions to profit to maintain a worthy marketing plan of a multinational. And especially movies high definition propaganda who repeat the codes Hollywood or video games and whose purpose is beyond doubt for David Thompson.

It's a video which is about a year old now. It is one of the first to be a kind of Islamic State blockbuster. It's made by people who were educated in the West and who can speak to young Westerners.

And all this propaganda, on the one hand it aims to encourage young people western fighters and the whole world more generally, to come and fight on the land of the Islamic State. And also military use, terrorize the enemy, it is psychological warfare. You have to scare the enemy to force the enemy not to fight.

To spread even more broadly its message, the Islamic State also publishes luxury magazines propaganda on the Internet. And in order not to miss any candidate, jihadists take care to translate these newspapers, just like their videos, in as many languages as possible. In French, in English, in Russian, in German and Arabic.

To touch as many people as possible. That too is new because all potential candidates do not speak Arabic. This all-out communication has greatly contributed to the military and economic development of the Islamic State.

But the strategists of Daesh do not intend to stop there. From now on, the multinational terrorist gain new market share by opening franchises, as in Yemen, in Algeria or even in Tunisia. Latest example, in Nigeria with Boko Haram jihadists who reign terror in the north of the country.

Now you have to call them west african province of the Islamic State. Sign of their allegiance to the organization of Abubakar al-Baghdadi. Each time, Daesh does not forget to take care of communication of each of its new franchises.

Like here recently in Libya. Everytime that a franchise is opened, we have one beheading video. In the case of this video, The Islamic State sent emissaries media to upgrade its news Libyan franchise in Libya, for the videos to be produced exactly the same way.

Like a big business who would send emissaries to create a new franchise to establish roots in a new market. It's as if the Islamic State had integrated the marketing codes, communication codes of Steve Jobs, for example. Of all the great multinationals, finally?

Of all the big multinationals of the planet indeed. This expansion strategy also testifies of economic necessity for Daesh. Wanting to embody a real state the terrorist organization must also learn manage a budget like any other country, what its current resources do to it not allow yet in the long run.

The resources to which has access to the Islamic State today in Iraq and Syria, are not sufficient to sustain this caliphate. And so he really has to to stretch out to find new resources and new opportunities. As huge as it is, the fortune on which the Islamic State sits today is not enough to support people?

Yes, because we know the budgets of these provinces, over $2 billion simply for Iraq per year. And we know that the resources who are his today, especially revenue, are insufficient to sustain as they should optimally public services, an electricity service and water which must be essential To the population. Daesh's final project is going well beyond its current borders.

Jihadists are dreaming now to restore the great caliphate who, in the Middle Ages, extended to the gates of France. If for now, the terrorist enterprise seems to have taken field advantage, this endless war could drive her at the limits of its economic model and ultimately weaken it considerably.