A HISTÓRIA DO BOXE ARTE DO PUGILISMO

Welcome to the martial world, the art of boxing, where two men enter a competition to see who can withstand the most blows from the other, dates back at least to the earliest civilizations and is probably one of the oldest sports of its kind in the history of boxing. fight. For its simplicity, one can speculate that even in the pre-civilized world men would enter this competition and over time it became a sport, with rudimentary rules and use of equipment.

Boxing in Early Civilizations The earliest physical evidence portraying boxing comes from the first known civilization, Samaria (present-day Iraq), where it is depicted in various sculptures believed to have been produced in the third century BC. Some gear appears to be already in use at this point and while the fighters are bare-fisted, they have straps on their wrists that would have provided them with some support and protection for the little bones in their wrists and hands. Knuckle boxing was also the norm in Egypt, as depicted in a circa 1350 BC sculpture of Christ of Thebes (modern day Luxor.

The earliest representation of boxing gloves in use comes from a Minoan fresco from Thera (present-day Santorini), commonly known as the Boxing Boys and dates to c. 1600 BC A vase from the same region depicts what appear to be boxers wearing helmets as well as gloves and are believed to have been used extensively there. time.

However, there is some academic dispute about the purpose of the gloves. While some scholars believe that they were probably used as safety equipment for training purposes, others maintain that the gloves format may suggest that its purpose was to cause more damage to opponent, rather than acting as a cushion for the bones in the hands of the one punching. Boxing in Ancient Greece A form of boxing known as Pyx (which means clenched fist) was intro conducted at the Olympics in 688 BC, where opponents could only punch.

Other forms of attack, such as grabbing, biting and gouging were banned, although it is hotly debated in academia whether kicking was allowed. The objective was to knock out the opponent or force him to submit, which was indicated with a raised index finger. The fight would continue until the submission or knockout; in this particularly cruel version of the sport, there were no rounds and participants could keep punching even if their opponent was knocked to the ground.

A soft earth pit known as a skamma was used for fighting, and a referee supervised the battle, carrying a switch to whip any fighters who broke the rules or stepped out of line. Although these fights were brutal, a fighter would still need high levels of training, skill and courage to enter the ancient Greek boxing scene. These competitions appear to have been basically similar to bare-hand boxing, although instead of boxing gloves, his wrists and knuckles were often wrapped in straps known as himantes, which were made of oxhide and designed to protect his hands.

of the boxer. After the fourth century BC they were replaced by so-called sharp belts which served the same purpose and consisted of a thick strip of leather. Different fighters seemed to use these straps in different ways, some covering most of their hands, while others only used them as a support for their wrist.

Although they were probably used primarily to protect the boxer's hand , when covering the knuckle, the leather also cut into the opponent when he was hit, causing far more damage than if he were hit by a fighter using the himantes, sometimes also called straps. softer. It is interesting to note that, as with most sporting competitions in ancient Greece, in addition to these straps, Pyx participants would be completely naked.

Boxing in Ancient Rome Boxing in ancient Rome was known as Pugilatus (from which we derive the modern word boxing) and it was even more ruthless than the version of the sport in which the Greeks participated. Leather straps around the hands could be used, but were often replaced by what were effectively leather knuckledusters known as caestus that had metal embedded in them to deal maximum damage to an opponent. In many ways, the caestus was more like a knife than a boxing glove, as it could actually stab and sever a fighter's arteries.

In his poem The Aeneid, Virgil makes reference to their brutal nature when mentioning that when a Sicilian fighter named Entellus wanted to use a pair formerly worn by his brother, they were still "blood-splattered and brains spattered. " These metal-laden gloves weren't necessarily mandatory, however, as can be seen in the same poem when Entellus' opponent, Dares of Troy, refused to fight them in favor of lighter padded gloves. Unsurprisingly, boxing matches in Rome often ended in the death of the loser, and while many Romans were willing participants, they were also played between unwitting participants, such as slaves.

In addition to being a sport and a gladiatorial competition, it was also seen as a method of training for soldiers in the Roman army, although safety equipment was used in this case to prevent injuries during training. The boxing scene played an important role in Roman culture until, around 400 AD, Emperor Theodoric the Great banned it at once. As a Christian, he disapproved of the deaths and disfigurements it could cause and its use as a form of violent entertainment.

Boxing's rebirth in the 17th century While fist fighting for sport or entertainment has undoubtedly taken place throughout history, there was no real coherence or connection between fights or fighters after boxing was banned by the Romans until late. 17th century, when it had a great renaissance in London. In the 1680s, fights began to become commonplace in the capital of Great Britain, and by the turn of the century, scheduled fights took place in the Royal Theatre.

Some of the best fighters in the boxing scene at the time toured the country on 'Booths', where they challenged anyone to go a set number of rounds with them for the entertainment of the crowd and a cash reward for the few who could manage. it. When not fighting in booths, prize fighters would face each other in naked matches that would have an unlimited number of rounds and would continue until someone was knocked out or unable to continue.

Very little skill would normally be involved in these early stages of modern boxing history, although that has changed over time as boxers have emerged who have found ways to use tactics and brain power to overcome bigger and stronger opponents. In the mid-18th century, John 'Jack' Broughton, became known as the father of English boxing after he introduced a series of rules. They were primarily concerned with the safety of the fighters and included a ban on hitting a man when he was on the ground and throwing low punches; he also introduced helmets and boxing gloves filled with horsehair, although they were only used for training purposes.

Boxing in the modern era Broughton's rules would be the only real regulation the sport had for about a hundred years until in the 19th century, the sport developed further with the introduction of the Queensbury Rules, Boxing gloves used in matches, three-minute rounds, ten-second counts and a ban on wrestling moves were introduced, making boxing recognizable as the sport we know today. In the early 20th century, the United States began to take an interest in boxing and Britain's hold on world titles began to wane. Over the century, new weights, rules, safety guidelines and boxing commissions were gradually introduced and today boxing is recognized as one of the most popular sports on the planet, bringing in hundreds of millions of cash each year and entertaining countless people in the process.

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