✅ EMBRIOLOGÍA de la CABEZA y el CUELLO (Parte 1°)👅🙇🏻‍♀️

Hello! Welcome to my Channel Today we are going to give the Head and Neck Embryology First part This is a video that many youtube users, from instagram, twitter, facebook, colleagues from the Faculty .. many asked me to do it again because the video that I uploaded 4 years ago the audio was not understood at all So well, I hope that in this new video can capture most of the information and retain it We start! The region where the Head and Neck are located is called the Cephalic Region and this is a complex area whose mesenchyme

for the structures that compose it they will originate from: The neural crest all that is represented in blue From the Paraxial Mesoderm or also called Somites or Somitomers everything is represented in red Of the Lateral Mesoderm what is represented in yellow And the cells of the Ectodermal Placoda along with the Neural Crest cells they will form the neurons of the sensory ganglia V, VII, IX and X The regions of the head and neck from a 4-week-old human embryo have a certain similarity with the same regions than a fish embryo at a comparable stage of development

This explains why before, in the past, the term Branch Apparatus In Human Embryos a Primitive Branchial Apparatus but the gills are not formed Therefore, at present the term used when describing the development of the regions of the Head and Neck in human embryos is the Pharyngeal Apparatus And this will be made up of: Bows, Bags, Grooves or Slits and the pharyngeal membranes Let's start by talking about the PHARYNGEAL ARCHES They begin to develop when the Neural Crest cells migrate to the regions of the future Head and Neck The First Pair of Pharyngeal Arches appear as

lateral surface elevations to the developing pharynx Other arches soon appear in the form of rounded ridges on each side of the regions of the future Head and Neck and at the end of the 4th week there are 4 pairs of pharyngeal arches visible from the outside The 5th and 6th Arch are rudimentary are not visible on the surface of the embryo Each Arch consists of a nucleus of mesenchymal tissue externally covered by surface ectoderm and internally by epithelium of endodermal origin It is characteristic that each Pharyngeal Bow has: A muscular component to build the muscles

of the Head and Neck An Artery Motor and Sensory Nerves and a cartilaginous stem that forms the skeleton of the Arch We are going to talk about MUSCLE COMPONENTS AND INERVATION The First Arch will give rise to: Chewing Muscles The anterior belly of the Digastric Mylohyoid The Hammer Muscle and the External Peristafilino These muscles are going to be innervated by the lower maxillary branch of the Trigeminal Nerve The 2nd Pharyngeal Arch will give rise to: The Stirrup Muscle The Hyoid Style the posterior belly of the Digastric The headphone and Muscles of facial expression All of

these muscles are innervated by the Facial nerve and the muscles of the 3rd Pharyngeal Arch It is limited to: Stylopharyngeal Muscles which are going to be innervated by the Glossopharyngeal Nerve Regarding the 4th Pharyngeal Arch Your muscles will be: The Cricothyroid The External Peristafilin and the Pharyngeal Constrictors All of these, innervated by the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve In relation to cartilage The 1st Pharyngeal Arch will be made up of a dorsal portion What is the Maxillary Process and a known ventral portion as a Madibular Process The mesenchyme of the maxillary process gives

place: The Maxilla, the Zygomatic, the Temporal and the Jaw On the other hand, the mandibular process will contain the Meckel Cartilage inside which, during a later development disappears except at its dorsal end that persists and forms: The Anvil and the Hammer The cartilage of the 2nd Pharyngeal Arch contains Reichert Cartilage which gives rise: to the stirrup, to the styloid process, the stylohyoid ligament ventrally the Asta Menor and the upper portion of the Hyoid The Cartilage of the 3rd Pharyngeal Arch the lower portion of the Body originates and the Greater Hyoid Antler Cartilaginous components of the

4th and 6th Pharyngeal Arches fuse to form cartilage of the larynx giving origin to: the thyroid the Cricoides, Aritenoides, the Corniculate and the Cuneiform And well, this is the end of Part One I hope this video has been useful to you If you liked it please give it LIKE and SUBSCRIBE to be able to see next videos of Embryology Greetings and successes in your exams