Introdução à FARMACOLOGIA | Farmacologia rápida e fácil | Flavonoide

Hello my name is Flavia Masson, I am a pharmacist and this is Pharmacology Quick and Easy. As I still can't launch the complete Pharmacology video classes, just as I have the Microbiology and Parasitology video classes here on the channel, I decided to bring a video format in which I will try in up to ten minutes to explain to you topics and concepts of pharmacology of quick and easy way! This type of video is ideal for you to watch before your college classes and before your exams as a form of review.

I hope it will be very useful for you and your college mates and let's start at the beginning? After all, who is pharmacology in the bread line? Come on!

Basically, pharmacology is the study of drug preparations, uses, effects and mechanisms of action. Hmmm drugs, Flavia? Yes, drugs.

Although popularly we only call illicit drugs drugs, a drug is any chemical substance that has a physiological effect on our body, whether this effect is beneficial or harmful. Your medications are drugs, the caffeine in your coffee is a drug, the alcohol in your happy hour beer is a drug. But, logically, because we are in the health course, we will focus on drugs that treat, cure, prevent or diagnose diseases.

These drugs can be natural, obtained from nature. Synthetic, produced in the laboratory, or even semi-synthetic when I take a molecule from nature and modify it in the laboratory. Although there are exceptions that we'll see later, basically things in pharmacology work like a key and a lock.

When you put a key that fits in a certain lock it will trigger an action, in this case the action was the lock to open and this happens all the time for our organism. Imagine that the key is the drugs and the padlock is the receptors, when this drug that is walking outside the cell meets this receptor that, most of the time, is stuck to the cell membrane, it can fit and that will trigger an action within the cell. For example, a drug binds to a receptor and activates it, this leads the receptor to transform another molecule that was inside the cell, this may already be enough to cause an important change in that cell or even a transformation in that molecule it will lead to another change, then another, then another, in short, we call it the reaction cascade.

But the binding of a ligand to a receptor does not always activate that receptor! These bindings can lead to an activation or a deactivation of a cell's regulatory function. So, as we have already seen, my ligand can activate the receptor, that is, it will trigger a change in it and from this change the receptor will do something, in this case we say that our ligand is an agonist molecule, it activates, it starts break, she is the moment.

Or yet, my ligand can simply bind to the receptor but not activate it but block it, that is, the ligand will not cause any change in the receptor, it will simply work as a stopper that blocks the binding of other ligands, just to piss off other ligands' lives. In this case, we say that our ligand that inactivated the receptor is an antagonist. So basically this is how cells communicate with each other and how drugs communicate with our cells.

When these ligands, these chemical substances, are produced within our organism, by our own organism, we call them endogenous substances, "endo" comes from within, for example, our hormones. And when they originate outside our body, it is not made by our own organism, we call them exogenous, like, for example, drugs. Jeez, Flavia, wait a minute!

What is a fármaco? Is it the same as a drug? No!

(ATTENTION: This concept is for Portuguese speakers, in English, everything is called "drug") the definitions are different but it's easy to understand, come on. As I said, drugs are any chemical substances that cause some change in the functioning of the organism with or without benefit, on the other hand, drugs are drugs that have a chemical structure already defined, that is, we know exactly what the molecule is like and thanks to many scientific studies , we know its effects on the body and to close with a flourish, to be considered a drug, it has to have a beneficial effect on the body, that is, every drug is a drug, but not every drug is a drug. Hmm, so Flavia, drugs are medicines.

Hmm, calm down, calm, calm, medicine is yet another thing, come on. Medicines are already considered final products made from drugs, that is, they are produced for commercial purposes, with therapeutic purposes, so every drug is a fármaco, or more than one fármaco together, but not every drug arrived in this final product that is really the medicine. But remember that this is not done in any way, you can't just produce medicines in your backyard and go around selling them, the manufacture must follow a series of standards required by Anvisa that our Sanitary Surveillance Agency (Brazil).

Medicines can be further categorized into three types according to the manufacturing process. Allopathic, homeopathic and herbal medicines. Allopathic medicines are those that follow the principle of allopathy, healing by contraries.

The idea is to use drugs that will have the opposite effect on the symptom, so for example I have a fever, that is, my body temperature is high, so I would use a drug that has the effect of lowering my body temperature, that is, the opposite effect of my symptom, fever. In drugstores most medicines follow the principle of allopathy. Now, homeopathy follows a different line, it will cure by similarity.

The idea is to use drugs that will mimic symptoms that the patient is having, but in a non-aggressive way, taking a reaction from the body itself to cure the patient. There are also several other particularities of homeopathy, we will see this later on. And finally, we have herbal medicines that are allopathic medicines, they use the allopathic principle of healing by contraries.

The difference is that this type of medicine uses whole medicinal plants or parts of them as an active ingredient, but it is different from your medicinal tea because they go through an entire industrial process. When we want to develop a new drug, we really want it to have some characteristics and these characteristics revolve around three main points: Safety, after all we want it to bring us more benefits than harm. Selectivity, after all we want the drug to affect specific targets and not go shooting everywhere, we want the key to go into a specific lock, remember?

Efficacy, after all we want the medicine to work! If you want, I can make a specific video about this whole drug creation process that is very interesting, leave it down here in the comments. And before going to the end of the video, don't forget to like and follow the channel, after all I'm giving it all to you for free and with lots of love!

Pharmacology is like a mother who has many children, some of them are: Toxicology, which studies the adverse effects of substances on organisms. Pharmacognosy, which studies natural active principles, whether of animal or plant origin. Pharmacotechnics, which studies the manufacture of medicines through pharmaceutical forms.

And them: the iconic Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics sisters, who help all the other siblings grow, we'll be taking a big dive into them in the next classes. In Pharmacokinetics, we are going to see what our body does with the drug, from the moment it enters until the moment it leaves, and I can tell you that our body makes their lives hell! And in Pharmacodynamics, we will see what the drug does to our body, after all, the drug is the protagonist of its life and it has a function to fulfill.

I'm waiting for you in episode 2 of Quick and Easy Pharmacology for us to enter the world of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, if this video helped you don't forget to like, subscribe to the channel and also follow us on Instagram and TikTok, kiss , bye bye!