🥇 ANATOMÍA DEL CEREBRO 1/2. (Telencéfalo). ¡Explicación Sencilla!

Hello hello how are you, how are you doing? Welcome to a new anatomical video on this channel easy anatomy by Juan José Sánchez, today we continue with encephalon, I bring you a video titled, brain anatomy 1, which I was tempted to call telencephalon 1, because this video is really dedicated to the telencephalon, there are two parts, you must have first seen the generalities of the brain so that you can understand this brain, where it comes from, where the telencephalon comes from, in any case we will more or less explain it and later after this video look for the anatomy of the brain 2 so that you can finish understanding the telencephalon, this is a video more than anything about generalities, I remind you again that if you want to access the slide that I use to make this or any of the videos on my channel, you can look for the download link in the description of this video, without anything else to add, we are going to talk quickly as a sketch, what is the conformation of the brain, remember that I put too much emphasis on it and I put a lot of emphasis on telling you that the brain is everything what is found inside the cranial cavity and that only a small portion of the brain, which is the largest by the way , that word does not fit that small portion but porcionsota is what we call the brain, which is more or less synonymous with telencephalon, so look, look, We roughly divide the brain into three, in a forebrain which is the forebrain, in a middle brain which is the mesencephalon and in a hindbrain which is also called hindbrain, so broadly speaking these are the three divisions of the brain, Today we will focus on the forebrain, that is, on the forebrain, we are going to see that this forebrain is in turn subdivided into two parts: a telencephalon, which is the brain as such, let's say the king of this video, and a diencephalon, which is a structure a little deeper than good to address in another video, then telencephalon plus diencephalon make up the forebrain, which is the forebrain, then well we would have the mesencephalon which we will deal with in another video that corresponds to the midbrain and finally to the hindbrain, The rhombencephalon is in turn formed by the metencephalon and the myelencephalon, now the metencephalon formed posteriorly by the cerebellum and a little more anteriorly by the pons, these two structures then make me the metencephalon and more distally, let's say in The final part of this posterior brain we have the medulla oblongata, which itself forms the myelencephalon, so you already know how the brain is made up in general, although I repeat that we already saw all this in the generalities of the brain, but in case you don't If you have seen the previous video, you cannot start this one if we did not do this review, then well, notice when we talk about telencephalon we quickly imagine the brain as such, because the telencephalon is synonymous with the cerebral hemispheres, notice this is a superior vision, This is anterior and what you see in yellow is posterior, this is an inferior vision, will you say why we see it in colors? Because when we talk about telencephalon we talk about lobes, these lobes are closely related to the bones of the skull and that is why they will receive practically the same names as the bones that are adjacent, pay attention so that you do not get confused This view is external, lateral and this is medial, this is like if we cut here throughout the center and well this is one of the halves that we have left with the cut, the large ones, let's call them the lobes that make up the telencephalon, are going to be first.

the prominent frontal lobes, which are in fact the lobes that occupy the greatest amount of cephalic mass, the famous frontal lobes that you see here in red, then towards the back of the frontal lobes we would have the parietal lobes that are in relation to each side with the parietal bone, then we continue towards more inferior to those parietal lobes and we have what you see in green, which would be the temporal lobes in relation to the let's say temporal bone and then we would have the occipital lobe which is the smallest let's say from the mass point of view brain of the four lobes main, why do I say main? because when we see the video of brain 2 that we talk about the turns of each of these videos has a name, each of these grooves has a name, when we read those grooves, those turns, we are going to see that there is a lobe, another fifth lobe that is practically covered by these external lobes that I would have to open to access it, it is the famous insula or insular lobe, but we will touch on that in the next video of brain 2, these are then the four main lobes that make up me to the telencephalon, of course, this in a general way because notice that I don't know if you can see that when we see a medial view of the telencephalon we see that there is a lobe, notice a turn better said, which is more purple, it is darker, here We also see it a little, those are gyri or gyri, whatever you want to call them, special, like the cingulate gyrus, that's what it's called, and the gyrus that is in relation to the hippocampus, but as I repeat in a general way, these are almost always named four main lobes, very well, let's talk about the generalities of this telecephalus, but first do not go away from the video, it is important that you subscribe to the channel down here where you see that it says subscribe, click on it and you will automatically be subscribed To the more than 215 videos that there are on the channel and growing, if there is any video that you don't find here, you have them in the comments. Good thing, I always read them, I took them into account when making the following videos, So very well, roughly speaking, this telencephalon, also called the brain, is made up of two large hemispheres, a left hemisphere, this is anterior and this is posterior, and a right cerebral hemisphere, both hemispheres separated from each other.

See here with two tweezers, this is an anterior view. , see how he separates it so that you can see that both hemispheres seem to be united but they are not united between them, of course there are some structures that are the famous interhemispheric formations, you see there the name interhemispheric, that is, they are between the hemispheres that are in charge of unite both hemispheres and we will also address these structures, for example, this is a sagittal section, a medial view in fact, a hemisphere and see how he pointed out in blue to the interhemispheric formations, so what I was telling you is that these interhemispheric formations, such as let's say the most special of them, the corpus callosum and the septum pellucidum, we will study them in videos in parts, very well with respect to the hemispheres we already said that there were two, leaving one hemisphere on the right side, one hemisphere on the left They have an upper part, see that it is quite convex, this is the most anterior part and this is the upper part, here it becomes posterior and you see that it practically fits with the entire cranial vault, of course, as I tell the students. In order to study the brain, it is important that you know at least roughly the anatomy of the bones of the cranial vault because if not you are not going to understand much, then look at how well, by the way, all the videos are also on the channel.

of the bones of the cranial fossae, holes of the skull, base of the skull, everything is in the canal, so see how that convexity corresponds with the concavity that the cranial vault makes, that upper part, let's say, the lower part. which is what we call the base of those hemispheres, they coincide with certain structures of the cranial bones, notice that in the most anterior part it rests practically on the anterior cranial fossa, if we go a little further back we see how it also rests on part over the middle cranial fossa, but in the posterior part, see, these hemispheres do not rest in the posterior cranial fossa, which would be the one you see here, there is no rest in the posterior cranial fossa because the cerebellum and structures of the brain would be resting there. midbrain also ok, both the midbrain and the hindbrain, here there is a structure that we are going to see right now which is the famous tentorium of the cerebellum, this tent of the brain is like You put a sheet on it and cover it, form a roof of a tent, that's why they call it that, a tent, I do n't know what they call the cerebellum in your country, so that the back part of this telencephalon rests on that tent ok About that tentorium of the cerebellum, notice this is a lateral view, here we would be seeing what separates each of the hemispheres, which is this mesh, called the falx cerebri, it is interposed between each of the hemispheres, yes , between that interhemispheric fissure, so here so you can see how it would be in contact with the anterior cranial fossa, a little with the middle cranial fossa and in the middle posterior part you can see the tentorium cerebellum there, although I bring you an image that is a little easier to understand, this is all the anterior cranial fossa, that is where the brain rests, the middle cranial fossa would partly rest the temporal lobes and you see that the posterior cranial fossa at the bottom is where the cerebellum and other structures of the brain rest.

rhombencephalon, but there is this thing that is here, which would cover the cerebellum, it is the tentorium of the cerebellum and on this tent is what this telencephalon would rest towards posteriorly, specifically that is the famous tentorium of the cerebellum, roughly what are the dimensions going to be? What do we find in the telencephalon? well, it is important to know that it already has a more or less ovoid shape as it becomes posterior from the moment it becomes wider superiorly inferiorly, then its major axis is anteroposterior, see that the ovoid is like you put a egg but lying down, so that the major axis of the egg instead of being standing remains lying down, notice that it measures approximately 17 centimeters long, this in the man, in the woman almost all of these diameters that I am going to give you, everything let's say all this size is a little smaller, we talk about up to a centimeter smaller, then anteriorly posteriorly its longest axis measures 17 centimeters in a laterolateral sense, that is, both hemispheres are 14 centimeters wide, while finally from the antero point of view The upper part measures 13 centimeters high from its highest part, let's say, from its summit to the tip or the lowest part that is or is located exactly in the temporal lobe, the good weight in men is a little heavier on average in 1200 - 1250 grams or 1.

2 kilos, however you want to tell them, I don't know the relationship in pounds because I know that there are some countries that do not use kilograms as much as we do here in Venezuela, there are other countries that really talk more about pounds I don't handle the conversion, you would have to look up how much that is equivalent in pounds, very well then what separates each of the hemispheres? They are separated by a fairly deep fissure that is the interhemispheric fissure, that is what it is called, interhemispheric suture that we can also see how it separates me, this is a superior view and here in this lower vision we can also see how it separates both hemispheres that practically They do not have direct communication, their only communication is through formation and interhemispheric, so what are the extremities of these hemispheres going to be? We talk about a frontal limb or anterior limb because it is in relation to the frontal lobe and a posterior limb called the occipital limb, now the most prominent part, you hear well, the most prominent part of the frontal limb, is what we call the horn or the pole frontal, while the most prominent part of the occipital extremity is what we call the pole or the occipital horn, like the tip, it is like the tip practically, how many faces is this telencephalon going to have?

Well, the faces that the telencephalon is going to have are 3 and these faces are going to be delimited by edges, which are quite defined, so what are the faces going to be? First we have an internal face also called medial face, which is the face that will face the other hemisphere, yes, the one that is, let's say, separated from the other hemisphere by the fissure or interhemispheric space and there remember that there is a folding of the dura mater called the sickle of the cerebrum that goes in there and separates them, that is the inner side or face medial is quite vertical to highlight, it does not have major complications, let's say studying, the external face for its part is quite convex throughout its entire length, it is the one that adapts to the cranial vault, yes, it is quite convex, the lower face for its part is A face that is looking downward is the one that has the relationship, as I was telling you, with the anterior cranial fossa further forward, with the middle cranial fossa a little further towards the middle part and in the posterior part related to the tentorium cerebellum, On that lower face we are going to see that at the junction of one anterior quarter with the three posterior quarters is the beginning of the famous Sylvian fissure, a fissure that we will explain very well in the following video of the brain and fissure that, in addition to seeing it On the lower face, see how we see it on the lateral face, on the external face, we are also going to see other structures that are related to the lower face, such as the olfactory bulb of the first cranial nerve, then the olfactory band, then see that band.