Learn ALL Tenses in English: The Complete Course

hello everyone and welcome to this epic grammar video this is your chance to learn all of the tenses in English this is basically like a full English course it's going to be really long so grab a tea or a coffee and settle in I have put a quiz in the middle to keep you on your toes but I understand some of you might put this video on whilst doing something else I think that's a great idea it's better than doing nothing but that is also why I have created an epic ebook to go with this

course it contains all of the information from every lesson that you're going to watch plus exercises to help you practice what you've learned you can download it for free and I will also give you my B1 to C1 ebook for free that contains an overview of all of the tenses you need to know at each level B1 B2 and C1 plus lots of other grammatical structures vocab ulary and even some pronunciation to receive both of these amazing ebooks for free follow the link on screen scan the QR code or click the link in the description

box you enter your name and your email address and you choose your English level you sign up to my mailing list and the ebooks will arrive directly in your inbox after that you've joined my PDF Club you will automatically receive my free weekly PDFs and ebooks alongside all of my news course updates dates and offers it's a free service and you can unsubscribe at any time with one click okay firstly we're going to talk about the perfect tenses from the present perfect simple to the future perfect continuous are you ready today's lesson is truly perfect

we're going to cover the perfect tenses as I have heard you loud and clear these are the tenses that you struggle most with don't worry it's not your fault I often feel frustrated when I see lessons on the perfect tenses or explanations in grammar books I don't feel like they're clear enough in this video I'm going to teach you how to use the perfect tenses and you will probably find that the way I explain them is different from how you've been taught before I promise you that when you're done with this lesson you're going to

feel much more confident about how to use the past present and future perfect simple tenses in three key ways okay back to the perfect tenses or should I say the perfect aspect I don't normally talk about tense verses aspect in my videos but I think it's important and useful to mention it today we only have two tenses in English present I go she goes and past I went she went aspects add information about the way we view a verb for example an aspect can show whether an action is complete or continuing when we use the

perfect aspect we look back from a certain point in time to another point in time I'm going to explain lots more about this and I will give you lots of examples I am going to refer to them as the perfect tenses from now on because I think that's the name most of you are familiar with we don't have to over complicate this so let's talk about how we form the perfect tenses the present perfect simple and the past perfect simple have very similar forms we form positive sentences in the present perfect simple with subject plus

have or has Plus past participle and we form the past perfect simple with subject plus had Plus past participle I have been to London I had been to London to form negative sentences we add not after have has or had for example she has not been to London she had not been to London and to form questions we invert the subject and have has or had had she been to London we form positive sentences in the future perfect simple with subject plus will have Plus past participle I will have been to London to form negative

sentences we add not after will I I will not have been to London and to form questions we invert the subject and will will they have been to London in speech and informal writing we often use contractions have is often contracted to of apostrophe ve and has is often contracted to apostrophe s pronounced s or Z depending on whether an unvoiced or voiced sound comes before it for example I've been to London he's been to London Pats been to London in negative sentences we usually contract have not to haven't and has not to hasn't you

haven't been to London she hasn't been to London had is often contracted to apostrophe D he' been to London in negative sentences had not is often contracted to hadn't we hadn't been to London will is often contracted to apostrophe LL they'll have been to London notice that I pronounce have as of when I'm speaking quickly they'll have been to London and will not is usually contracted to won't I won't have been to London okay now all of that's out the way let's talk about the uses of the perfect tenses in very general terms we use

the present perfect simple to look look back from the present time we use the past perfect simple to look back from a point in the past and we use the future perfect simple to look back from a point in the future it all Mak sense let's talk about the three key uses first life experiences we use the perfect simple tenses to talk about life experiences up to a specific point in time we don't say exactly when these life experiences happen when we use a perfect tense we use the present perfect simple to talk about life

experiences up to now the experiences happened in the past but we are looking at them from the present for example I have been to New York that means at some point in my life up to now I went to New York you don't know when exactly but you know it was before the present time and that this event is completed I am no longer in New York we can use the past perfect simple to talk about life experiences that happened before a point in the past for example I had been to New York by the

time I was 25 in this example the point from which we are looking back is age 25 and the sentence tells you that before I was 25 I went to New York we use the future perfect simple to talk about life experiences that will be complete by a specific point in the future here's that same example again I will have been to New York by the time I'm 35 age 35 for me is in the future this sentence tells us that before I am 35 I will visit New York you don't know when but the

action of visiting New York will happen before I'm 35 okay the next use I want to talk about is for unfinished States and actions we can use the perfect tenses to talk about States and actions that begin before a point in time and continue up to that point this usage often tells us the duration of the action up to a certain point we can sometimes use the perfect simple or perfect continuous tenses when talking about how long something lasts we use the present perfect simple to talk about States or actions that began in the past

and continue to the present we don't know if they will continue in the future here is an example I have lived in Manchester for 5 years I started Living in Manchester 5 years ago and I still live there now we use the past perfect simple to talk about States or actions that began in the past and continued up to a later point in the past I had lived in Manchester for 5 years by the time I was 23 this means that I started Living in Manchester when I was 18 and I still lived there when

I was 23 5 years later you don't know if I continued living there after that that's not clear in this sentence we use the future perfect simple to talk about States and actions that will continue to a point in the future I will have lived in Manchester for 5 years by the time I'm 33 in this sentence the starting point for living in Manchester is age 28 which is in the past 5 years later I will be 33 and still living in Manchester okay time for the final use I'm calling this use consequences consequences we

can use the perfect simple tenses to talk about things that happened before a point in time but are relevant at that point it's like talking about the consequences of an action or event we use the present perfect simple to talk about an event that happened in the past but is important in the present for example I've been out every night this week so I'm really TI tired today that's a past action with a present consequence I was out every night up to now and I am tired now we use the past perfect simple to talk

about an event that happened in the past that was important at a later date in the past for example I'd been out every night that week so I was really tired a past action with a past consequence I went out every night of a week in the past and the next day I was tired both of those events are in the past and the future perfect simple we use the future perfect simple to talk about something that will happen before a point in the future that will be relevant at a later time for example I

will have been out every night that week so I will be really tired it's a future action with a likely future consequence I will go out every night for a week in the future and then I will be tired okay that is everything I want to say about the perfect tenses today okay that was a perfect lesson right now you've already heard a lot of information so I definitely think you need my tenses ebook to help you remember it and of course when you get that you also get my B1 to C1 ebook just click

on the link in the description box okay are you ready for the next tenses we are going to dive into the present perfect simple and continuous today I have got a grammar lesson for you we are going to be looking at two very similar and confusing tenses I know that a lot of my students struggle with these take a look at these two sentences I have lived in England for 3 years I have been living in England for 3 years do they mean the same thing today we are looking at the present perfect and the

present perfect continuous in some situations they mean the same thing and in other situations they mean different things we use the present perfect and the present perfect continuous for both finished and unfinished actions let's take a quick look at how we form them before we start comparing them so the present perfect is have has plus the past participle I have worked the negative have and has plus not plus the past participle I have not worked and as a question have or has plus the subject plus the past participle have I worked now let's take a

look at how we form the present perfect continuous the positive is has or has plus been plus verb ing I have been working the negative we just put in a not has or have not been verb in I have not been working and as a question we have has or have plus subject plus being plus a verb ing have I been working it's important to note that we cannot use the present perfect continuous with stative verbs stative verbs don't refer to a physical action they express something that is permanent they express a state or a

condition to like to love to believe to know to understand you can say I've known her for years you cannot say I've been knowing her for years you can say I've been here for a while you cannot say I've been being here for a while just so that's clear we can use the present perfect and the present perfect continuous to talk about actions unfinished actions that started in the past and are still true now we often use them with since and for I have lived in England for 3 years I have been studying English since

2003 I've been studying English since 2017 now sometimes especially with the verbs study live and work there is no real difference in meaning between the two I've lived in England for 3 years I've been living in England for 3 years they mean the same thing I've studied English since 2017 I've been studying English since 2017 again they mean the same thing she has worked here for six months she has been working here for six months once again they mean the same thing so I hope that clears up some of your doubts unfortunately sometimes there is

a difference in meaning between these two tenses the present perfect and the present perfect continuous I'm going to discuss four situations where there is a difference in meaning number one the present perfect continuous can be used to emphasize the amount or length of time that has passed whereas the present perfect is generally neutral it might sound complicated but take a look at these two sentences she's been working for hours she has worked fors hours she's been working shows more emphasis about the hours that have passed it's a very subtle difference but it's there the second

situation the present perfect is commonly used to talk about how much or how many but this is impossible with the present perfect continuous let me show you she has eaten three pieces of toast this morning that sentence is perfectly fine let's try it with the present perfect continuous she has been eating three pieces of toast this morning it doesn't work you can't use it he's drunk seven cups of coffee this morning I hope not poor guy you cannot say he has been drinking seven cups of coffee this morning it has to be the present perfect

when talking about how much or how many let's take a look at the third situation the present perfect continuous often focuses on the action itself whereas the present perfect focuses on the completion of the action again it's much easier to see this written out than to listen to an explanation so I'll give you some examples take a look at these two sentences I've been watching the TV series you recommended I've watched the TV series you recommended with the first one I been watching I'm showing that I am still watching it I haven't finished the action

yet whereas with the second one I've watched I'm telling you that I have finished watching it sometimes it's not quite as obvious she's been seeing a therapist she's seen a therapist with she's been seeing it implies that her treatment is ongoing she's still seeing that therapist she's seen a therapist means means she's seen one and now she may have stopped seeing one or her treatment has ended another thing to note is that with the present perfect we can use yet and already I know lots of you struggle with for since yet and already we've discussed

for and since now yet and already I have seen the film already or I've already seen the film you can put already at the end or you can put it between have or has and the participle I have already seen a common mistake that I hear is I have seen already the film that doesn't qu we would understand you but it doesn't quite sound right and yet this goes at the end have you seen the film yet no I haven't seen it yet you can put yet between have has and the participle I haven't yet

seen it but it sounds quite oldfashioned I haven't yet gone I haven't yet seen it it sounds nice it sounds very formal and old-fashioned like you'd read in an old book in the question form it doesn't sound right at all have you yet seen the film no don't use that sometimes we use the difference between the present perfect and the present perfect continuous to talk about different kinds of results in the present again it's much easier to see this in an example so I will provide those I've done all of my chores so I can

come out tonight we use the present perfect when the result comes from the action being finished I can come out tonight because I've finished my chores it's completed I've been doing my chores so I'm exhausted we use the present perfect continuous when the result comes from doing the action itself I am exhausted from carrying out all of my chores another example I've prepared a big dinner so you can come over I've been preparing a big dinner so all of my pans are dirty my pans are dirty as a result of the preparation but you can

come over because I finished preparing the dinner in the first example with the present perfect you can come over because I finished preparing my dinner in the second example with the present perfect continuous all of my pans are dirty because of the preparation of my dinner the action of doing it finally we can use the present perfect continuous to talk about situations that aren't permanent things that are not usual I've been sleeping badly I don't normally sleep badly but recently I've been sleeping badly normally I buy lunch at the canteen but I've been bringing lunch

from home I've been getting up early to work out I don't usually do this but recently I have been doing this so now you've learned the differences between those tenses I want to test your knowledge with a quiz to do that download the giant ebook I've made for you I've built quizzes into it now I think it's time to look to the future or is it the next lesson explains how to talk about the future and whether we need to use future tenses you're probably a bit shocked by the title and the thumbnail should be

there's no future tense why should I stop using it I'm going to talk about the future tense are you intrigued well just saying the future tense is considered incorrect why well because there's no such thing as the future tense in English I know mind blown if you look in most grammar books you'll likely see a section named something like talking about the future and not future tenses in fact there are only two tenses in English the present and the past these tenses are then further divided into aspects like continuous and perfect we tend to call

each tense plus aspect a tense for example the present perfect tense or the past continuous tense it's just simpler to think about them like this and it's probably what you've been taught at school and all through your English learning Journey anyway Back to the Future a key feature in English tenses is verb inflection in the present tense for instance we add s to third person singular verbs and in the past tense regular verbs often get an ed suffix for example like likes liked however the future differs from the present and past tenses in a significant

way we don't have a specific verb inflection to indicate it so there's no future tense technically but I think it's so much easier to think about the future as a tense in the same way as you think of the present and past tenses so I'm taking a stand this video is about the future tenses and I'm going to explain how you can use them in English right let's start with will will is a very handsome man and will is also a modal verb that can be used to talk about the future we use it in

what we call the future simple future continuous future perfect simple and the future perfect continuous the future simple we have will plus base verb we use the future simple to make predictions we also use it to talk about decisions made at the moment of speaking and we use it to make offers and Promises it will be a wonderful party I just know it the dog's getting a bit boisterous I'll walk him the contraction there I will I'll and I'll get you another size to try on okay let's move to the Future continuous this is Will

plus be plus ing verb we use the future continuous to talk about temp reactions and events that will be in progress at a time later than now for example this time tomorrow we will be sitting down to dinner at my dream restaurant or I'll be walking to work tomorrow as my car is at the mechanics the future perfect simple will Plus have plus the past participle we use the future perfect simple to talk about events that will be finished at a certain time later than now it's like we walk into the future and then turn

around and look back I don't normally show you the back of my head do you want to know how I do this amazing knot maybe I'll show you one day I have to do a lesson on hair by the way we don't typically call this a knot we call this a bun a knot is not something you want in your hair some examples we will definitely have arrived by 7:00 p.m. or they'll have already eaten before they come round so we don't need to feed them and the future perfect continuous will Plus have been plus

ing verb we use the future perfect continuous to emphasize the duration of an event that will be happening at a time later than now it's similar to the future perfect simple in that we look back from a time in the future again another opportunity to show my bun for example in 6 months time we will have been working here for 7 years or by this time next week I will have been traveling for 4 months a quick note about the future perfect simple and continuous here with some verbs you can use either tense with no

change in meaning one of those verbs is work take a look in 6 months time we will have worked here for 7 years in 6 months time we will have been working here for seven years they mean pretty much the same thing in the future perfect continuous there is more of a feeling of emphasis on just how long you've worked there but you really can use either other verbs like this include live play and teach however with lots of verbs like read you can't use them interchangeably for example by tomorrow night I will have been

reading this book for two months this means that you won't have finished the book and you simply cannot replace will have been reading with will have read it's not an ongoing action if you did the sentence would not be grammatically correct because will have read means you will be finished reading you're not okay those are your four future tenses sorry gra a police there are of course other ways to talk about the future apart from Will and we're going to look at them now using my Wheel Of Fortune or actually I should call it my

wheel of future as you can see we have will in one corner which I've already talked about below that we have to be going to and the structure there is be going to plus base verb we use to be going to in two main ways to make predictions based on present evidence for example John is so drunk he's going to have a terrible hangover over tomorrow or to talk about plans and intentions I'm going to spend the day at home tomorrow just chilling when the verb in the infinitive is go we often shorten the sentence

I'm going to go shopping later just get rid of to go now this looks like the present continuous which is actually the next tense on my wheel of future we use the present continuous to talk about plans and Arrangements yep plans again we're all making plans for the future there is often little difference between the present continuous and to be going to when we're talking about plans however when we use the present continuous we have made a firm decision to do something and what do I mean by a firm decision it usually means I know

exactly what I'm doing where when and with whom often but not always we have arranged to do something look at these examples I am having lunch with my friend CLA tomorrow that's an Arrangement we're spending the summer on a yacht in Croatia probably booked but if not very definitely happening you could say we're going to spend the summer on a yacht in Croatia this is a plan but it's less likely that you've booked it it feels just slightly less certain than when we use the present continuous we don't use the present continuous to make predictions

when an event is outside of our control the sky is so dark it's going to rain in a a few minutes we don't say it's raining in a few minutes because the weather unfortunately is not in my control or yours but especially in British people's control it's just not we just have no control over the weather it is one of the worst things of living in Britain just every picnic ruined every wedding look how British I am just talking about the weather by the way I'm doing something very very British here which is complaining about

the weather and I've just said it's not in my control yet here I am again I let the weather ruin my summer this year it can't have again anyway back to the lesson back to the present continuous we also don't use it to talk about permanent situations in the future we are going to live in the countryside for the rest of our lives we wouldn't say we are living in the countryside for the rest of our lives we are going to live and finally I want to talk about the present simple another tense that rather

confusingly we use to talk about the future we use the present simple to talk about timetabled or scheduled events our plane leaves at 2:10 tomorrow morning the exam finishes at 7:00 so pick me up then right those are the four future tenses and some different ways we can talk about the future using other structures what do you think do you find it easier to think of the future as a tense maybe you disagree with me and that's absolutely fine I'm open to hearing your opinions just leave them in the comments and everyone would just be

nice to each other please yeah that's right there is technically no such thing as the future tense in English if that was news to you I'm guessing you need to recap that video by reading the future section in the ebook that goes with this lesson okay we've talked about quite a few tenses already but you might be wondering which tenses are the most important to learn in English well the next video has the answer did you know that five tenses make up 90% of English seriously one of the five tenses is the present simple but

what are the others watch to find out I have got such an exciting video for you because now there are various studies various claims but the general consensus is that 90 to up to 95% of all written and spoken English is done in just five grammar tenses so what do we going to do today we are going to go through those five grammar tenses so that you can get that little bit closer to fluency we're going to improve your grammar fluency and accuracy in the most efficient way possible okay let's start this amazingly efficient grammar

Lesson by reviewing the English verb tenses so technically there are only three tenses the present the past and the future but we have four different aspects Within These tenses the simple The Continuous the perfect simple and the perfect continuous when we combine these four aspects with the three verb tenses we get what we typically refer to as the 12 verb tenses some people like like to include the conditionals in the tenses I don't you will hear some people say there are 16 tenses I like to set the conditionals apart let's have a look at each

one really quickly just to refresh our memories the present simple is used for General truths habits and permanent situations the present continuous is used for actions happening now or around the present moment the present perfect is used for past actions with a connection to the present or for experiences and the present perfect continuous is used for actions that started in the past and are ongoing up to the present now the pasts the past simple is used to talk about completed actions in the past the past continuous is used for actions that were in progress at

a specific time in the past the past perfect is used for actions completed before a specific time in the past and the past perfect continuous is used for actions that started in the past continued and were completed before another past event don't worry we'll look at some of these in more detail and finally the future we have the future simple used for actions that will happen in the future the future continuous used for actions that will be in progress at a specific time in the future the future perfect used for actions that will be completed

before a specific time in the future and the future perfect continuous used for actions that will start in the future continue and be completed before another future event okay that's a lot of information to remember and I covered it very very briefly don't worry we're going to go deeper I know a lot of English Learners struggle with deciding which verb tense to use in a given situation well lucky for you not all verb tenses are created equal let's go ahead and look at this beautiful chart I made to see which are the five most commonly

used verb tenses in both spoken and written English okay time for the big reveal our most common verb tense making up nearly 60% of all English communication is drum roll the present simple we then have that followed by the past simple at close to 20% Then the future simple at around 8% so that's three tenses making nearly 88% of the entire usage according to certain studies then we have the present perfect simple at around 6% and present continuous at 5% and then we have this tiny sliver of Pi that contains the other seven verb tenses

now if you're good at maths you'll notice that's 99% for all of those tenses in the title I say 90% because I don't 100% trust those numbers but don't let this chart for you each and every verb tense has its time and place but for General day-to-day conversations these five are going to be your bread and butter so let's go ahead and see how you can start using each of these tenses to the best of your ability as you just learned the present simple makes up a large portion of daily communication and rightfully so we

live in the present after all let's look at some of the most common uses of the present simple firstly we use it to talk about facts and statements that are always true most people prefer to shop online or the supermarket is busy on Saturday mornings we also use it for statement that are true in the present you are my best friend Jasmine or I can't bake to save my life look at this cake you can just show a really rubbish cake and we also use it for routine actions or habits in the present often used

with an adverb frequency do you always bike to work or I never see her in yoga class these days we use it to refer to scheduled events in the future carine's holiday officially starts on the 5th of October or my stag do kicks off at 1000 p.m. at boots and bruise and the last one I'll mention today we use it to give directions or instructions mix the flour and water together to create a thick paste or to get to the Bookshop walk down to the corner and take a left as you can probably tell from

our examples these kinds of statements and questions make up a large portion of our daily conversations so it's no wonder why the present simple topped our list next up we have the past simple of course this is the second most used verb tense because we use it to talk about completed actions in the past and we sure do love to talk about the past look at a news article or pick up your favorite book most of them rely heavily on the past simple tense let's go ahead and look at some uses of this very versatile

tense it's commonly used to describe actions that occurred at a specific time in the past I visited Greece last summer with my girlfriend it's also used to narrate a series of past events Yolanda woke up brushed her teeth and headed off to the office it's used to express habitual or repeated actions in the past every morning Ben watered his plants and fed his dog and number four it's used to discuss past States or conditions we were so tired after our long hike yesterday all right next up we have the future simple tense let's start with

spontaneous decisions for example I'm pretty hungry I will order some food predictions the weather forecast says it will rain tomorrow promises I will get to the office 20 minutes early to get everything set up offers mom will be happy to help you with your project if you need it and requests will you pass me the salt got it good because it's time to move on from the future simple and talk about the present perfect simple don't let it's long and slightly confusing name for you it's actually quite an easy tense to master we use it

to talk about unfinished state stes or actions that started in the past he's been in his new position for about 2 weeks we use it to talk about completed actions with relevance to the present my dad has just pulled up to the house we use it for life events and experiences they have traveled around Asia and most of Europe and we use it for actions or events at an unspecified time in the past yeah we've tried that recipe see not so bad now let's move on to our last verb tense of the day so you

can get out there and start showing off your grammar skills the present continuous we use it to talk about a few different situations like describing things happening right now Deborah is whipping up some delicious banana pancakes we use it to talk about activities that are not permanent I'm giving this workout plan a shot for a month to see how it makes me feel we use it for discussing plans or events that will happen in the future Mark isn't going to that conference next month he changed his mind we use it for actions happening around a

specific time I'm working this morning but I'll be free this afternoon and we use it for describing things that are gradually changing or improving the city is slowly becoming more eco-friendly with new recycling programs and bike Lanes right that about does it for me so those five tenses can get you a long way in English but of course you have to learn all all the tenses to become completely fluent in English don't worry I've put them in the ebook next I'm going to give you a taste of the grammar you need to know at each

level B1 B2 and C1 so do you want to learn more about the B1 to C1 levels in English click on the link to download the ebook and I'll give you my B1 to C1 ebook too it will walk you through the entire process we are going to compare three different levels in English B1 B2 2 and C1 B1 is intermediate level B2 is upper intermediate level and C1 is that Almighty advanced level of English more specifically we're going to be looking at the grammar at these levels but what do those levels even mean well

there are six language levels as defined by the CFR the common European framework of reference and they start at A1 beginner and go all the way up to C2 which is proficiency today we're looking at B1 B2 and C1 and a really common struggle for Learners of any language is knowing which level you're at and which level you should be working towards if you don't know your level it's nearly impossible to choose the right course or learning materials or YouTube videos to help you improve if you're already at B2 a B1 course wouldn't be very

helpful if you're at B1 a C1 course would be a pretty bad idea and would likely put you off Learning for Life in this video I'm going to give you some examples of the different grammatical structures you will learn to produce at each level I'm going to train you to really get to know the levels to properly understand them so you know exactly where to place yourself and you can make a smart decision about the next steps that you take on your language learning Journey right let's get started with the grammar first I want to

talk about making deductions so we often use modal verbs like must and might to make deductions but there are other structures that we can use too look at these examples and see if you can tell how they're getting more advanced B1 I haven't seen Lucy for weeks she must be ill B2 actually I think she might have gone away for the winter and C1 the odds are she's High tailed it to Spain for a few months she's always banging on about doing that it's true I am it's my dream to be in Spain in the

B1 example you saw a present model of deduction must be in the B2 sentence you saw a past modal of deduction might have gone and at C1 you didn't see a modal verb at all I used the structure the Oda to say that something is very likely to be true you can also see the vocabulary getting much more advanced at C1 as well okay there's lots more to learn about that but I think that's a good start next I want to talk about conditional sentences let's go through those levels again and see how using conditionals

changes from B1 to B2 to C1 these sentences are all about Fitness B1 if I were you I'd work on building muscles B2 I know I would be in much better shape if I had started working out when I was younger and see one but for my husband's encouragement I would never have started going to the gym at all so in the B1 sentence I used a second conditional to give advice if I were you I would work on notice the use of were instead of was with the pronoun I using were is an example

of the subjunctive mood which expresses hypothetical situations in the B2 sentence I used a mixed conditional to say how something in the past can affect the present I used would be in the second conditional and had started in the third conditional and in the C1 sentence you can see a third conditional with the structure but for standing in for an if phrase again there is so much more to learn about about conditionals at each level that's just a small glimpse next let's talk about the future at B1 B2 and C1 levels you need to be

able to talk about the future in different ways we're going to take a look in the context of the environment B1 sea levels will continue to rise over the coming decades nice and simple B2 by 2050 many scientists believe that sea levels will have risen by around 30 cm in the US see1 some Coastal communities in Louisiana and Florida are on the brink of catastrophe in B1 you can see the future with Will to make a prediction nice and simple notice that it's followed by continue in the base form and then continue is followed by

to rise the infinitive verb patterns ing verbs and infinitives are a really important element of B1 and the levels after that in B2 you can see the future perfect simple will have risen we used it to talk about something that will be completed by a certain time in the future in the C1 sentence we're missing the obvious future tense words like will instead we have the phrase to be on the brink of at C1 you are expected to use a variety of expressions like this to talk about future events the next construction I want to

talk about is the passive voice and I want to talk about sushi I love look at the topics like the environment Fitness next topic Sushi here we go B1 the sushi was prepared by a Top Chef B2 it is widely believed that Sushi originally comes from Japan and C1 Jack recalled having been told that Sushi actually originated in China remember we use the passive voice to shift the focus from the subject performing an action to the subject receiving an action in the B1 sentence you can see a sentence in the passive voice in the past

simple was prepared for B2 we can see an impersonal passive construction it is widely believed that we use this construction to say that people believe this but not necessarily the speaker it's very diplomatic a politician might use it and at C1 we see a passive ing form recalled having been told the verb to recall is followed by an ing verb and by the passive voice in this sentence finally I want to talk about adjectives and you start using adjectives right from A1 level the very first beginner level but as you move to higher levels in

English you are expected to move Beyond flying is scary so let's let's talk about flying at B1 B2 and C1 levels so B1 flying is much less scary than I imagined B2 the thought of it was utterly terrifying and C1 for me flying is not so much alarming as dull so at B1 we use words like much and slightly in addition to basic comparative adjectives to move Beyond A2 level and show big and small differences much less scary at B2 level we use adverb adjective collocations to add some spice to our descriptions utterly terrifying not

bitterly or entirely terrifying for example utterly terrifying is a lovely collocation they just fit together it's what native speakers would naturally reach for we talk a lot about adverbs and adjective collocations in our B2 program I'll leave information for my B1 V2 and C1 programs in the description box as well in case you're interested at C1 level we use a range of advanced comparative structures to compare things not so much alarming as dull meaning it's boring not scary okay has that given you some idea of the grammatical structures and phrases you typically learn at B1

B2 and C1 level okay the next video is one of the the most comprehensive videos I have ever made in the next 30 minutes you will learn all 16 tenses in English I'm including the future tenses there after you've watched that video you'll be ready for a quiz I'm going to teach you all of the English tenses so many of you have been requesting a tenses video I say go big or go home that's a great saying it means either put in all your effort or do nothing at all go big or go home I'd

personally rather put in all of my effort so today in under 30 minutes we will go through all 16 tenses including the conditionals you will walk away from this lesson with a much better understanding of English grammar So today we're learning all 16 tenses in English and I'm going to give you loads of examples so that you can learn them and use them yourself firstly I think it's best to have an overview and then then we can go more in depth into each group I know that going over 16 tenses Allin one lesson may seem

like a lot and it is this is a big lesson but they do share a lot of characteristics so seeing them all together can make them easier to learn and remember let's go through them first we have the present simple I eat chocolate the present continuous I am eating chocolate the present perfect I have eaten chocolate the present perfect continuous I have been eating chocolate then we move on to the Past simple I ate chocolate the past continuous I was eating chocolate the past perfect I had eaten chocolate whenever I say had I can't help

but go I had eaten and the past perfect continuous I had been eating chocolate oh I just can't not do that now moving on to the future we have the future simple I will have a toothache after all this chocolate just kidding I will eat chocolate the future continuous I will be eating chocolate the future perfect I will have eaten chocolate and the future perfect continuous I will have been eating chocolate last group we have is conditionals the conditional simple I would eat chocolate the conditional continuous I would be eating chocolate the conditional perfect I

would have eaten chocolate and finally the conditional perfect continuous I would have been eating chocolate can you see how many similarities there are between all of these tenses now let's look a little more closely starting with the present tense is the first tense that you learn in English is usually the present simple and that's for good reason it's actually the tense that native speakers use in around 50% of their written and spoken communication we do use the other present tenses quite often too so they are all really really important the present simple I work on

Tuesdays this is used to talk about General statements habits and facts the present continuous I am working now this is used to talk about actions that are happening right now the present perfect I have worked at a pub we use this to talk about past events or past actions that have present consequences and the present perfect continuous I have been working for 3 hours today this is used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present okay the structure of the present simple like its name it is fairly simple

we have the subject plus the base form of a verb except from in the third person singular and this always catches my students out when they're relatively new to learning English in the third person singular we add an S so for I you we and they it's I work we eat they play you do but for he she and it it is she works he cleans it smell smells another exception is be the verb to be to be has its own forms in the present simple I am you are he she it is we are

they are as I said before we use the present simple to talk about General statements facts and habits we also use it to talk about scheduled events like plane and train times here are some examples I am a woman my name is Lucy this is a general statement or fact Mary meets her friends on Friday evenings that's a habit the train to London leaves at 8 p.m. that's a scheduled event in the future our dog eats the cat's food and that's habit habit we're trying to conquer the moment we don't know why he started doing

it but he has since we moved house right let's move on to the present continuous we use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening at the moment of speaking but be careful in general there is an exception we can't use State verbs words like hate love want for example there is an exception there and I will mention it uh it's to do with slang the structure of the present continuous is subject plus b plus verb ing it Rhymes subject plus b plus verb ing you can use that here are some examples I

am teaching English they are baking cookies we can also use this tense to talk about things that we think are temporary compare these two sentences James lives in Manchester James is living in Manchester in the first sentence I use the present simple because I think that his state is more or less permanent but in the second sentence I use the present continuous because I think his situation might be temporary he's living in Manchester now but I don't know what might happen in a few weeks or months perhaps he's studying there or he's working there for

a short time now you will here native speakers use State verbs in the present continuous in this form or to show this meaning I am loving my Christmas jumper right now love is a state verb I'm not meant to use it but it means right now a trend that I'm enjoying is my Christmas jumper which I'm must say I think it's like I think this is a very nice Christmas jumper I actually had another option today it was between this one uh which I wore last year but I got this one on a secondhand website

very happy with myself anyway back to the tense lesson you'll also hear people say ah no I'm hating that song right now it means it's a a temporary state for some reason right now I don't enjoy that song temporarily I'm hating it so when you hear teachers say never use a state verb in in the present continuous take that with a pinch of salt we also use the present continuous to talk about Arrangements this means that we are planning to do something in the future and it involves another person or business let me show you

an example I am having my haircut on Tuesday Sarah is meeting her parents tomorrow they are plans but they depend on someone else let's take a look at some examples Kate is studying business temporary situation happening now we are meeting our friend next Friday in Edinburgh Arrangement involving someone else we are driving home we are doing this right now in the moment it is snowing for example it did actually snow the other day it was magical but enough about my weather let's move on to the present perfect the structure of the present perfect is subject

plus has or have plus the past participle there are three main ways that we use the present perfect in English the first is to talk about things that started in the past and continue to the present it's very important to remember that they are unfinished actions when we talk about these events or States we often mention how long they've been going on for or when they started for example I have lived in the UK all my life or she has been at University since 2020 William and I have been married for 2 months oh 3

months oh it's our 3 month anniversary nearly how exciting the second way that we use the present perfect is to talk about our experiences up to the present when we do this we don't talk about exactly when something happened we are just generally telling somebody about our life experiences for example she has been to Canada three times we have met the queen I have read all of the Harry Potter books finally we also use the present perfect to talk about past events and actions that have consequences in the present for example I have eaten breakfast

so I'm not hungry or Mike has lost his keys so he's going to be late for work let's move on to the last of the presents the present perfect continuous I've just realized I look like a present and I'm talking about the present tenses maybe I should have just made a video about the present tenses dressed as present now we use the present perfect continuous to talk about something that started in the past and continues to the present and that might sound very similar to the present perfect but there are a few key differences one

big difference is the structure we use the structure subject plus hasave plus been plus verb ing I have been eating chocolate as we discussed before now with the present perfect continuous we often use it to talk about things that we have been doing uninterrupted that haven't finished we use this tense to emphasize how long something has been happening for example I've been watching that TV show for weeks I'm emphasizing how long I have been watching the TV show or Ellen has been replying to emails for 2 hours already we use it to talk about things

that have been done recently or lately for example look it's been snowing or I've been practicing my football skills a lot recently that's such a lie remember we generally don't use the present perfect continuous to talk about States you wouldn't say I have been belonging to a band for a long time you would say I have belonged to a band for a long time some more examples they've been trying to call you all day or she hasn't been feeling well lately okay we made it through the present tenses let's move on to the Past tenses

we'll have a quick overview and then we'll go into more detail we have the past simple I worked abroad last summer that talks about past finished actions we have the past continuous I was working at 2 p.m. yesterday that describes a continuing action at some point in the past we have the past perfect I had worked there for 2 years before I got my promotion that's used to describe past actions that happened before another past action or time and we have the past perfect effect continuous I had been working there for 2 years before I

finally got my promotion very similar to the previous one but we'll go into more detail we use the past perfect continuous to talk about past actions that continued to a past point in time let's start with the past simple this one is nice and easy it's the second most common tense that English speakers use we use it to talk about events that happened before the present moment these must be finished events or actions and we often say when they happened although that's not obligatory the structure is the subject plus regular verb Ed however lots and

lots of verbs are irregular and I do actually have a video on some of the most common irregular verbs that could be really useful so I will leave that link down in the description box an example I went to bed at 10: p.m. last night or Dennis ate a box of chocolates for breakfast live your life Dennis that sounds like my kind of breakfast another example my husband bought me flowers last week ah not true though not true maybe next week okay let's move on to the Past continuous the structure of this tense is subject

plus was or were plus verb ing we can use this tense to talk about actions or States one way in which we use the past continuous is to say what was happening at a specific moment in the past for example Tom was cooking dinner at 700 p.m. yesterday we can also use it to give background information about something for example will was speaking to me whilst I was trying to record a video or it was snowing when I went outside we also use it to say that an ongoing action was interrupted by another action in

this case it's usually paired with another clause in the past simple we were eating dinner when he arrived we were eating dinner over this long period of time and he arrived right then or they were chatting about their holiday when Ben called them let's move on to the Past Perfect the past perfect tense is used to talk about events that happened before another event or up to a certain time in the past again it is often used with the past simple the structure is as follows subject plus had Plus past participle and if you don't

do that when you say had you're not my student uh let's take a look at some examples when I arrived at the bus stop the bus had already left already happened or you had traveled to 10 countries before your second birthday or she had worked at the company for 5 years before it closed or we had already eaten dinner so we weren't hungry when dinner was served finally let's discuss the past perfect continuous the structure is subject plus had been plus verb ing now the past perfect and the past perfect continuous what a mouthful are

often used interchangeably by native English speakers there's no difference in overall meaning take a look at these two sentences there's no real difference in overall meaning I had worked there for 5 years when the company closed or I had been working there for 5 years when the company closed no real difference we can say either however you should use the continuous form in these two situations if you are talking about an action in the past that continued up to a certain time and continued after it or if you're talking about a repeated action that happened

in the past up to a certain point let's take a look at some examp examples they had been walking for hours before they decided that they were lost or the orchestra had been practicing for months before the concert happened in the words of Bon Joi I think we're Living on a Prayer because we are officially halfway there it's time to move on if you're still here you're doing really well really really well let's have a quick overview of the future tenses we use them to talk about events after the present moment we have the future

simple I will work in the summer this is used to talk about events or actions that we believe will happen in the future we're nearly certain we have the future continuous I will be working at 2:00 tomorrow we use this for actions at a specific moment in the future we have the future perfect I will have worked there for 2 years on Sunday we use this to talk about an event or an action that is planned or expected to happen before a certain time in the future and we have the future perfect continuous I will

have been working there for 2 years on Sunday very similar to the last we'll talk about that we use this to talk about an action that will continue up to a certain point in the future let's take a closer look now the future simple the easiest way to talk about the future the structure is subject plus will plus base form of the verb we can use it to talk about things that we think will happen in the future I think it'll rain tomorrow I'm sure you'll love this book we can also use it to make

offers or promises I'll help you carry those boxes Richard will call you tomorrow and finally we can use it to talk about facts in the future it will be our first wedding anniversary next year or our house will be 300 years old soon let's move on to the Future continuous the structure is subject plus will be plus verb ing this tense is used to talk about action that will be in progress at a certain point in time these actions will start and end in the future but we don't know when I will be eating dinner

at 8:00 p.m. tomorrow I don't know when I'll finish it also indicates that an action will be carried out over a period of time not simply in an instant I'll be playing tennis tomorrow that will be a considerable amount of time maybe 30 minutes or an hour not just a second we also have the future perfect we use the future perfect to talk about actions or states that will be completed before a certain point of time in the future we often use time Clauses with the future perfect like by or when I'm older I'll show

you lots of examples but first the structure subject plus will have Plus past participle some examples I will have retired by the time I'm 65 we're using by there to show that final point or you will have finished the popcorn before the film starts or come over at 9:00 p.m. my parents will have left by then finally we have the future perfect continuous this tense describes actions that will be continuing at a certain point in the future when you use this tense you're thinking about the duration of that action up to a certain point in

time the structure is subject plus will have been Plus verb ing she will have been living in Cardiff for 3 months in August or when I retire next month I will have been working here for 3 years like with most other continuous tenses we don't usually use State verbs it should be I will have had my cat for 5 years this Christmas rather than I will have been having my cat for 5 years this Christmas you also can't use the future perfect continuous to talk about finished actions you just have to use the future perfect

instead finally the last four tenses are the conditional tenses we use these tenses to talk about hypothetical situations or an event that depends on another event or state these conditional tenses often form part of conditional sentences but they don't always have to let's have a brief overview we have the conditional simple I would work abroad if I could we use this to talk about hypothetical actions in the present we have the conditional continuous I would be working abroad now if I wasn't stuck here we use this to talk about hypothetical continuous actions in the present

we have the conditional perfect I would have worked abroad last year but I didn't get my Visa we use this to talk about hypothetical actions in the past and we have the conditional perfect continuous I would have been working here for longer if I had got my Visa earlier we use this to talk about hypothetical actions that started in the past and continued it's formed with the subject plus would plus the base form of the verb I would travel in first class she would walk to work now these sentences don't really have a lot of

meaning on their own so they're usually coupled with another idea I would travel in first class if I won the lottery or she would walk to work if she lived closer would can be replaced with could should or might but this does change the meaning I am currently considering creating another video on modal verbs there's one from years ago but I feel it needs updating if you'd like a lesson on modal verbs let me know in the comment section down below if I see enough of you then I'll know it's worth making some examples he

could get a dog if he wanted you should see a doctor I might go to the beach tomorrow let's take a look at the conditional continuous when we use the conditional continuous we put the focus on the duration of a hypothetical action this means that we use this tense to talk about a longer action when we want to emphasize or we want people to focus on how long an action would take the structure is subject plus would be plus verb ing it expresses an unfinished or continuing hypothetical action an action which is the probable result

of an unreal Condition it's easier if I just show you example exles here cuz it can sound a little grammar grammar is is not a word don't use that but actually I think that's quite good if we hear a grammatical explanation that we don't like I think we should call it grammar I think it's quite fun nope that's way too grammar for me I would be writing emails if I was at work but I'm not at work so I'm not writing emails he would be walking his dog right now if he hadn't broken his ankle

but he has broken his ankle so he's not you can use could should and might in these sentences but again it changes the meaning you should be unpacking the shopping I just bought or I could be sitting on a beach in Jamaica right now now let's take a quick look at the conditional perfect when we want to change the past we use the conditional perfect tense of course we can't really change the past so this is hypothetical we talk about what we would have done the structure is subject plus would have Plus past participle I

would have told John not to come I would have bought that house but I couldn't afford it at the time she would have cooked a bigger meal but she didn't know you were coming again you can replace it with could should or might I could have bought that house but I didn't you should have told me we could have gone if we'd known about it they might have said but I can't remember finally the last tense that brings us to 10 16 it is the conditional perfect continuous we use it to talk about the hypothetical

results of an action that started in the past we use the continuous tense to focus on the duration as I said before we look at conditional grammar in way more detail in my conditionals video which I have Linked In the description box but just as a brief overview the structure is subject plus would have been plus verb ing I would have been wearing wearing my red dress if I had washed it he would have been working in Dubai if he hadn't taken the job in London again you can use it with could should and might

you should have been feeling better yesterday she could have been living in Japan if she had taken that language course at University right that is it for today's lesson I can't believe we've covered the 16 tenses that's amazing okay I promised you a quiz Are you ready for this video it's not just about the tenses but there are questions in there about tenses I'm going to test you on your English level today is an incredibly important lesson we are finally going to work out what your English level is A1 A2 B1 B2 or even C1

or the top level C2 it's so important to know and understand your level of English because it helps you decide how to proceed with your Learning Journey in this lesson we are going to to go through a couple of questions at each level so you can understand your English ability quickly let's just revisit what the CFR levels actually are this is the common European framework of reference it divides English into six levels we have A1 and A2 the beginner levels with A1 considered absolute beginner we have B1 and B2 the intermediate levels and then C1

and C2 the advanced levels C2 is a near native level of language all right let's get started with this test we'll start with the beginner questions and work our way up to the advanced questions I'll give you a few seconds to think about each answer before revealing the correct answer okay A1 question one she to read books every day it should be B like she likes to read books every day number two I have two and one brother which answer is correct it should be D sisters I have two sisters and one brother and number

three I can't see very well have you seen my what should it be it should be C glasses okay if you passed those three questions it's likely you have an A1 level but let's test for A2 one my mom is than my dad it should be B taller my m is taller than my dad if you study you the test watch should it be it should be a will pass if you study you will pass the test on number three which of these sentences is correct I'll give you a bit of extra time here it

should be C they want to go with us did you get everything right if so it's likely you have an A2 level let's move on to the intermediate levels firstly B1 number one Jared early in the afternoon which one's correct it should be B will be arriving Jared will will be arriving early in the afternoon let's try number two which question was most likely asked based on this response I have never been to Paris here are the options which question was it it should be D have you ever been to Paris and three report this

sentence correctly I have to work tomorrow which one should it be it should be D he said he had to work the following day did you get all of those right if so it's likely that you have a B1 level okay let's try B2 Upper Intermediate this is where it starts to get really challenging number one he have said that to you but at least he apologized which should it be it should be B shouldn't he shouldn't have said that to you but at least he apologized two choose the relative clause in this sentence here

it should be be who moved to the country three years ago and number three choose the correct sentence out of these four it's a if you had learned the lyrics you would be singing in the choir did you get all of them right if so it's likely you have a B2 level okay it's time we move on to the advanced levels the sea levels we'll start with C1 number one after 9 years of marriage we decided to get a divorce but we separated what should it be it should be B on good terms we separated

on good terms number two we have developed several new for market research to streamline our ongoing which should it be it should be a criteria and analyses we have developed several new criteria to streamline our ongoing analyses and number three which of these sentences uses the passive perfect infinitive correctly it should be D Alejandro should have been informed of these changes did you get all of them right if so it's likely that you speak English to a C1 level let's move on to our final highest level proficiency level C2 number one his lack of a

general unhappy nature contrasted sharply with the extreme composure and humor of his brother which should it be it should be SE Charisma Charisma extra points for correct pronunciation Charisma number two Which idiom could replace the underlined portion of this sentence it's B to go back on his word to go back on his word to not fulfill a promise and number three the department head of Finance assured me that this matter as quickly as possible it should be would be dealt with would be dealt with did you get all of those correct if so it's likely

that you have a C2 level or you are a native speaker although I assure you lots of native speakers would not be able to achieve this level especially in an exam that's it for today's lesson I hope you enjoyed it I hope you learned something I hope you learned what your level might be how did you do do you know your English level or are you still not sure taking a look in the B1 to C1 ebook will definitely help you you can see what vocabulary grammar and pronunciation you'll need to know for each level

pronunciation is important for the tenses I weave pronunciation throughout all my courses so this complete tenses course is no different it's time for you to learn how to pronounce Ed endings perfectly every time you'll never have to think about when whether it's danced danced or danced ever again I am going to teach you how to pronounce words like these words that end in ed because it's not so straightforward we have wanted danced and saved wanted danced saved so there are three different ways that we pronounce e d at the end of a word and there

are so many words that end with Ed we have the regular past simple verbs we have the regular past perfect verbs and we have many adjectives so it's a bit frustrating that we have three different ways of pronouncing Ed at the end of words but I have a very simple trick that you can use to instantly know whether you end the word with ID whether you end it with t t or whether you end it with d ID D so let's get started with the lesson I'm going to go through the method with lots of

examples and then I have got an activity which is a story which will allow you to put into practice what you've learned it's a bit of a challenge so let's see how you do let's take a look at some root words we have part end test and need all of these end in t or d so you're going to notice with this method it all depends on how the root word ends with which phon or sound does it end in this case T and D which are nearly always represented by the letter t or the

letter D if a root word ends in t or d The Ed is pronounced as ID this means that it adds on an extra syllable part parted end ended test tested need needed that is the easy part but what if a root word does not end with t or d well does it end with a vowel a voiced consonant or an unvoiced consonant if the root word ends with a vow sound or with a voiced consonant sound then the root word ends with voice meaning that when you produce that last phon you can feel the

vibrations in your throat if it ends with an unvoiced consonant you cannot feel the vibrations in your throat look at these four root words we have dine love comply remember dine I can feel the vibration love I can feel the vibration comply that ends with a vowel sound and remember still with voice remember that in received pronunciation if a word ends with R the r is not pronounced in a American English you might say remember but in received pronunciation remember uh all of these root words end with voice and the great thing is that we

match Voice with voice if a word ends with voice apart from du then we match it with voice so we add D onto the end loved DED complied remembered it would actually be more difficult to use T at the end because you're moving from vo to unvoiced D okay so moving on to the root words that end with an unvoiced consonant take a look at these four we have clap kick dance and was psh none of the endings have voice in them just like we matched voiced with voiced before we match unvoiced with unvoiced so

in this case e d is pronounced as T clapped kicked danced washed try ending these words with the D sound in my opinion it's a lot more difficult so that's the theory behind it all looking at the last s sound in the root word and then working out what the next sound should be with root words that end in any sound other than T and D there is no extra syllable love is not loved or loved it's loved kicked isn't kicked or kicked it's kicked no extra syllable but decide is decided extra syllable test is

tested extra syllable some students prefer to learn words through studying them in lists and other students prefer to hear them spoken and to practice to learn them in practice we're going to go through both ways of learning them first let's look at the list version and then I will tell you a story using the words and you have to guess what the pronunciation is here are the sounds that come before ID as Eed T wanted D decided and here we have the sounds that come before d as Ed we have b as in robed v

as in lived Z as in amazed G as in rigged n as in find M as in climbed as in winged J as in judged v as in soed O as in called and then I've included R just so you know for American English pronunciation that it would be followed by D for RP it isn't pronounced remembered remembered it's it's pronounced with a d because it ends with awah vow sound which is voiced but in American English the r is pronounced at the end of words and it would sound something like remembered remembered then we

have the sounds that come before t as e The unvoiced Sounds we have p as in helped f as in sniffed or laughed S as in missed or danced c as in asked I know some of my students struggle with that sound the combination of ask ask we have ch as in matched sh as in washed f as in Unearthed there aren't many Ed words with the th at the end of the root word now this rule also applies to adjectives but there are many more exceptions so some adjectives ending in t or d we

have insulted or beaded adjectives ending in a voiced consonant or a vowel we have soothed or moved and unvoiced consonants distressed astonished there are lots of irregular adjectives that don't follow this Rule and they favor ID at the end naked Wicked Jagged rugged there is normally a g or C Sound at the end of the root word but there are exceptions to the exceptions for example beloved okay now it is time for the activity I am going to read a story to you it's filled with words that end in ed and each time I reach

a word that ends in Ed I'm going to stop for a couple of seconds to give you the chance to say how you think it might be pronounced what ending you think it might have as I've told you before I loved living in Seville I always envisioned myself living there long term I had also lived in Madrid but for some reason Seville really inspired me it had nearly everything I wanted so I promised to myself that I would move there in the future I moved back to the UK to finish my studies when I finished

I rented a room from my parents and started my teaching business one day I was invited to a New Year's Eve party I didn't want to go but I pushed myself I noticed a very handsome man there but we mostly ignored each other the whole night one day this man messaged me and asked me if I would participate in a charity dating show that he had organized I responded with a yes and prepared for the event in the end that man won a date with me and I postponed my plans to move to civil eventually

I simply cancelled them I discovered that home is not a place it's a person I have visited cevil every year since and that's enough for me true story I will see you soon for another lesson okay you've got the pronunciation of regular past forms of verbs down well done make sure you don't forget any of that information don't worry I've put it all in the ebook however there are lots of irregular verbs in English so let's learn how to pronounce those now I've got a mixture of a grammar and a pronunciation and a vocabulary lesson

for you today today we're going to be talking about the 25 most common irregular verbs in the English language honestly learning the irregular verbs isn't a very exciting experience but if you want to learn to speak English you have to do it if you can Master the pronunciation and the correct form of the top 25 irregular verbs then you will be a step closer to fluency and a step step closer to speaking English like a native speaker I'm going to pronounce the infinitive form the past simple and the participle twice for each verb and I'll

give you time to repeat after me now I've said before the absolute best way of learning to speak like a native is by imitating so I want you to copy or to imitate me so I'm going to say the three forms and I want you to repeat them with me I'll say them again and then you repeat again now the reason I'm saying all three together is because I want you to get them stuck in your head I want you to learn them in that order you will be much more likely to remember them if

you learn all three together so let's get started number one to be B was were Bean B was were been then we have to have have had had have had had the next one number three to do do did done do did done number four to say say said said say said said number five to go go went gone go went gone number six to get get got got get got got number seven to make make made made make made made number eight to know no new known no new known number nine to think think

thought thought think thought thought number 10 to take take took taken take took taken number 11 to see see saw scene See Saw scene number 12 to come come came come come came come number 14 to give give get gave given give gave given number 15 to tell tell told told tell told told number 16 to feel feel felt felt feel felt felt number 17 to become become became become become became become number 18 to leave leave left left leave left left number 19 I like this one to put put put put put put put

number 20 to mean mean meant meant mean meant meant number 21 to keep keep kept kept keep kept kept number 22 I also like this one to let let let let let let let number 23 to begin begin began begun begin began begun number 24 to show to show showed shown show showed shown and number 25 to hear hear heard heard hear heard heard okay so those are the 25 most common irregular verbs in English how is that I hope you're feeling more confident in your pronunciation now pronunciation is weaved throughout my B1 B2 and

C1 programs meaning that you always learn how to say something as well as what to say but now I think it's time to look at some tense adjacent grammar because the classic past tenses aren't the only way to talk about the past and believe me most of my students need to watch this video let's learn about used to would be used to and get used to today we are going to talk about used to used to how are they different would to be used to and to get used to if you have any doubts about

the use of these then this lesson is for you and of course I have a quiz there will be a quiz at the end of this lesson for you to test your learning so stay till the end okay okay let's talk about used to and used to firstly let's focus on the pronunciation because I know this is very confusing for many students because when we say used on its own we use the z sound and the D sound used but to say used to is quite a mouthful so you will hear speakers of English saying

used to used to that that means that both used to and used to are pronounced in the same way in normal conversation used to used to this makes it slightly easier for you in spoken English but in written English you do have to be careful let's focus on used to we use used to to talk about past habits that we don't do in the present or past states that are no longer true used to with the base form of a verb also called the bare infinitive but I'm going to call it the base verb here

I used to do yoga but now I don't have time I used to go to a language school but I finished the course I used to live in Seville but now I live in England I used to be a waitress but now I'm a teacher and that's an example of a state that's not talking about a habit something like I used to have short hair that wasn't a habit that was a state so that's using used with the D at the end but you will see that people use use with no D at the end

this is a point of confusion for many of my students in questions and negatives we use use instead I didn't used to like avocados but now I love them did you used to work at the corner shop he didn't used to care about his appearance but now he takes pride in it did they used to go to the same school as us it's worth noting that when you use never you do use used with the D he didn't used to care about his appearance he never used to care about his appearance we will do lots

of testing of this in the quiz at the end but now it's time to talk about would when somebody is telling a story about the past you might hear them use would plus base verb when I lived in Seville we would eat lunch at 400 p.m. when I was studying Spanish I would watch Spanish TV shows now you might think ah so it's the same as used to not exactly we can't use W plus base verb to talk about past states only past habits an example I would have short hair does not mean the same

thing as I used to have short hair or I would would live in ceville does not mean the same thing as I used to live in ceville so remember would plus base verb is only appropriate for past habits or repeated actions let's move on to to be used to when we want to talk about things that we are accustomed to or things that feel normal to us we use to be plus used to plus verbing an example I'm used to run running in cold weather so I don't mind it I'm accustomed to running in cold

weather it feels normal to me to run in cold weather another example my fiance will is used to working hard so when we go on holiday he becomes restless working hard is normal to him it's what he is accustomed to we can also use to be used to plus noun or pronoun I live in the countryside so I am used to mud for example wet soil he is very handsome so he is used to compliments he is accustomed to compliments my sister is annoying but I'm used to her remember that here the verb to be

can be put into any tense when I started waitressing I wasn't used to carrying trays of drinks true story I dropped so many trays of drinks soon I will be used to taking public transport so it won't be so intimidating dating finally we have to get used to different to to be used to here you can think of to get as to become to become used to you form it in the same way as to be used to we use to get used to plus verb in or to get used to plus noun or pronoun

we use it to talk about a change in what we are accustomed to again this can used in any tense at first I didn't like stretching after running but I got used to it or I am getting used to public speaking I am becoming accustomed to public speaking or I hope I'll get used to driving in London soon true story I have been driving for 4 years and I still am not used to driving in London I need to do it more to become more accustomed to it okay I hope this lesson clarified some of

your doubts but to make sure it's fully in your brain I now have a quiz for you it's a multiple choice quiz number one when I started waitressing I needed help with carrying trays but now I them by myself when I started waitressing I needed help with carrying trays but now I am used to carrying them by myself number two I every day but now I don't have time I used to read English every day but now I don't have time number three don't worry this grammar is easy you it in no time don't worry

this grammar is easy you will get used to it in no time number four I was surprised to see her running she when I knew her I was surprised to see her running she didn't used to run when I knew her number five when I had to get the train to work I very early when I had to get the train to work I used to get up very early number six when I was younger I to the shop with my grandma to buy sweets when I was younger I I would go to the shops

with my grandma to buy sweets number seven whenever we went to London we alwayss in the Grand Hotel whenever we went to London we always used to stay in the Grand Hotel number eight when you were a teenager did you to rap music when you're a teenager did you used to listen to rap music number nine she didn't about fashion but now she spends a lot of money on clothes she didn't used to care about fashion but now she spends a lot of money on clothes number 10 I don't like revising for exams but I

it I don't like revising for exams but I am getting used to it how is that do you feel more confident about when to use used to and would to talk about your past we're going to move on to something really tricky but incredibly important have been has been and had been learning these will really help you when using perfect tenses today I have a grammar lesson all about have been has been and had been I receive questions about have has and had been all the time I'm going to clarify nearly all of the ways

we use them now this is going to be quite a long video so before we start I'm going to tell you exactly what I'll be talking about so you know what to expect the lesson will begin with which subjects we use with have has and hand then I am going to show you how to form positive and negative sentences and questions using have has and had been after that we are going to discuss the pronunciation of these words and the use of contractions really important part do not miss it and then we're going to go

over four of their key uses we're going to discuss how to talk about travel experiences that's a source of some really common mistakes we'll also discuss how to describe unfinished States and actions with an additional focus on for and since because that gets a lot of you I'm going to show you how to talk about two past events or actions and then finally we will focus on how to focus on the object of a sentence with the passive voice that might sound complicated but I'm going to make it really clear for you at the end

of the video I'm going to give you some extra information about when we use have been has been and had been in other situations and then we will end this lesson with a short quiz so that you can see how much you remember and retain from this video I haven't done such an indepth long grammar lesson on this channel before I want you to feel like you're in a classroom with me going through the full process of learning about have been has been and had been let me know if you like it now let's start

with some tenses and constructions in this lesson I'm going to mention the present perfect simple the present perfect continuous the past perfect simple the past perfect continuous and the passive voice and I'm not going to explain these tenses and constructions in detail because the focus today is on using have been has been and had been okay first I'm going to talk about the basics we use have been and has been in the present perfect tenses I you we they and plural nouns go with have been I have been you have been the books have been

my parents have been he she it and singular and uncountable nouns go with has been she has been it has been London has been the bread has been bread is uncountable we use had been with all subjects nice and easy in the past perfect tenses I had been he had been our children had been the te had been how can I not bring up te I'm British all subjects in the past perfect tenses now let's move on to positive and negative sentences and questions in positive sentences the structure is subject Plus have has or had

been nice and simple in negative sentences we put not between have has or had and been subject have has or had not been in questions we invert the subject word order and we put have has or had before the subject have has or had plus subject plus been now I want to note here that we can use Bean to be as a main verb or an auxiliary verb as a main verb it expresses the state or action being described it is not followed by another verb and you will see this later in the video in

sentences like I have been to France as an auxiliary verb it adds grammatical information to a sentence it's followed by a main verb you will also see this later in the video in sentences like I have been studying English for 3 years in this sentence studying is the main verb okay we're doing well but there's more to do and before we get started with how these words are used we need to go over the pronunciation Bean is pronounced Bean or B Bean with a long e sound bin with a short I sound both are correct

but bin is very common in Faster informal speech it's also very common for speakers to use contractions with have has or had been for example I have been often becomes I've been or I've been with the shorter I sound so listen out for the contracted forms I've you've weave and theyve the same thing happens to has been which reduces to Z or s for example he's been she's been and it's been and had been which contracts to D for example I'd been and he' bean there's an exception with the contraction of it had it had

been which contracts to ited ited notice the extra schah sound there which adds an extra syllable ited ited finally we often contract a noun with have has or had been for example the books of Bean or London's Bean or our children of bean okay we're ready for uses let's talk about the first and easiest use of have been has been and had been this might be the easiest but this is where a lot of my students get confused and make mistakes we often use have been has been and had been when talking about travel experiences

for example will has been to London many times this means that will has visited London many times in his life up until now note that it's been to London but it's just visited London without two that's a common mistake to insert a two where it's not wanted after visited here's another example I been to France three times I have visited France three times in my life until now and I might go again in the future here are some more examples has Verity been to Cardiff yes she has been to Cardiff no she hasn't been to

Cardiff have you been to Australia yes I have no I haven't so these answers are usually shortened to yes I have no I haven't please note that we can't talk about specific specific times with have or has been to talk about General travel experiences if you want to say exactly when something happened use the past simple it would be wrong to say I have been to Australia last year it should be I went to Australia last year now I'd like to mention something that lots of Learners find confusing have or has been versus have or

has gone we use have or has been to say that someone went to a place and then returned we use have or has gone to say that someone went to a place and has not returned look at these examples Alicia has been to Mumbai she went to Mumbai and then she came back Alicia has gone to Mumbai she will be back next week she went to Mumbai and she is still there you can also use had been when talking about travel experiences we use hadban to say that we traveled or didn't travel to a place

before another event in the past for example I had never been to the US before I visited New York last year there are two past tenses here I had never been and I visited both refer to the past the sentence means that the first time in my life that I visited the US was when I went to in New York last year here's another example I was excited to receive an invitation to their wedding in Barcelona I had Been to Spain before but only to Madrid this sentence means that I received the invitation to the

wedding in the past I visited Spain at some point before I got the invitation but not Barcelona where the wedding was okay we're ready for usage number two unfinished States and actions we use have been and has been in the present perfect simple to talk about states that started in the past and continue up to the present for example he has been a nurse for almost a year or he has been a nurse since last March he started working as a nurse last March and has had the job for almost a year he is still

a nurse now we use have and has been plus ing in the present perfect continuous to talk about actions that started in the past and continue up to the present for example I have been studying English since 2021 2021 was my starting point for studying English so I started in 2021 and I have continued for 3 years until the present day you don't know if I will continue studying English in the future using have been or has been doesn't give you any information about the future we often use the words for and since with the

present perfect tenses when we use for we're talking about the duration of the activity or the period of time so 3 years is how long I have been studying English when we say since we are talking about the starting point so I started studying English in 2021 here are some more example sentences William has been watching TV since midday Williams been watching TV for three hours presuming it's 3: in the afternoon in the first sentence William started watching TV at midday and he is still watching TV now in the second sentence he started watching TV

3 hours ago and he is still watching now another example we've been together for 7 years we've been together since 2017 so we got together 7 years ago in 2017 and we are still together now that's actually true I can't believe 2017 is seven years ago okay use number three we're going to take a closer look at had been I'm going to take the sentences that we used to learn have been and has been and show you how they're used with had been and this is going to help you see how the meaning changes let's

start with our sentence about studying English because it's nice and relevant for you here it is with had been in the past perfect continuous I had been studying English for three years when I went to London last year there are two past actions here one continuous past action I had been studying English and a single finished action I went to London now I want to compare that sentence with our previous one with have been I have been studying English for 3 years here there is one action that continues up to the present we use had

been or had been plus ing when there are two past events the action with had been began in the past and continued up to a more recent point in the past we use the past simple to talk about the action or event that happened second in this case the more recent point was last year when I went to London we use the past perfect continuous for the action which happened first we don't know if the action of studying English continued beyond the visit to London but I hope so never stops studying English I haven't stopped

studying English let's have a look at the other example sentences and change them to had been we have William had been watching TV for 3 hours when he stopped to do some housework the action had been watching began first and continued until William realized it was time to start the housework another example he'd been a nurse for 11 months when he quit his job in this case he became a nurse and continued in the job for 11 months then he quit this is an example of the past perfect simple and the last example is a

sad one we had been together for seven years when we broke up we were in a relationship for seven years before we broke up I'm not referring to my relationship by the way last lesson I didn't wear my wedding ring because it was having some maintenance and then we rumors okay let's move on to the fourth and final use that I want to talk about in this video of have been has been and had been they are used in the passive voice so I buy lots of things online for my dog Diego and when I

complete a purchase I get an email saying your order has been received this sentence is in the passive voice in the active voice it would be we have received your order the website uses the passive voice because we the seller isn't important to this situation the order is more important so the focus of the sentence is on that after I've bought something the shop sends my purchases to me I often get a message from The Courier notice the pronunciation of Coura Coura with the uh sound Coura I always want to say Cora or Coura but

it's Coura distracted by pronunciation I get a message from The Courier saying your parcel has been delivered or because I usually buy several things at once your Parcels have been delivered the parcels are more important than the company or person who delivered them hence the passive voice so how do we use had been in the passive voice this is quite Advanced but it's important that you know it cuz I'm sure you will hear it we use had been in the passive voice when there are two actions in the past for example my van had been

repaired by the mechanic so it was as good as new both of the events or actions were in the past the first event that occurred is indicated with had been and the second with the past simple so first the mechanic repaired my car and then it was as good as new let's look at another example by the time we arrived at the hotel all the rooms had been booked for the night again we have two events in the past first people booked all of the rooms and then we arrived at the hotel very poor planning

okay extra bits extra info in this final section I want to give you some extra information about when you will see have been has been and had been used I'm not going to explain these uses in great detail but I just want you to be aware of them we have three to go for and number one have been after modal verbs we see have been but not has been appear after modal verbs like might and must using have been with different modal verbs could be a whole new video in itself so here are just a

couple of examples Maria might have been in Ghana last month she goes every year in January or he must have been at work when you tried to call him number two the third conditional you will also see have been after a modal verb in the third conditional for example I would have been happy if you had come and we use had been in the third conditional too if I had been to Greenland before I would have told you about it number three has been as a noun can you notice anything weird with this one there

is a hyphen between has and been a has been a noun is a person who was important famous or very good at something in the past but isn't anymore it's not a very nice thing to call someone but you should recognize the word even if you don't use it okay quiz time I'm going to show you five sentences and I want you to decide how to fill in the gaps choose from have been has been or had been are you ready here's number one she waiting for her friends to arrive for over 30 minutes I'll

give you 5 Seconds has been she has been waiting why because he she it and singular and uncountable nouns go with has been number two Andy a teacher for almost 50 years when he retired you have 5 Seconds had been Andy had been a teacher for almost 50 years when he retired okay number three you ever to London 5 Seconds a nice question here have you ever been to London number four my bike stolen how am I going to get home 5 Seconds has been my bike has been stolen how am I going to get

home this is in the passive voice and number five Kareem never to Mongolia but he's planning to go next year 5 Seconds Kareem has never been to Mongolia but he's planning to go next year that brings me to the end of this video about have been has been and had been there is more to learn about these words and the tenses we use them in but this has been a really solid overview of some common uses now let's move on to adverbs I have a video about some of the most useful ones here just already

still and yet let's go it's already time for another grammar lesson are you still watching me are you not bored of me yet did you notice that I just whoops used already just still and yet in those sentences those words are the topic of today's lesson because they are words that Learners of English usually struggle with but once you learn them they're easy to use all right let's get started with with the lesson so you're likely familiar with adverbs these are words that add extra details to verbs they describe verbs words like slowly quietly quickly

an example I slowly walked through the park or the little girl sat quietly in her room now the four adverbs that I'm going to discuss with you today are a little different they are adverbs of time meaning they generally describe describe when something happens there are a few exceptions and don't worry we will go through those as well to understand them visually take a look at this timeline we can see the past now and the future already and just are used to talk about actions in the past that are finished they're not ongoing they're finished

completed Done Yet is used to talk about things that are planned to happen in the future and still is the tricky one it can have different meanings depending on the usage these adverbs of time are mostly used with the present perfect have done I have done this is because they're used to describe actions that are related to the present in terms of their timing I'm going to give you a couple of examples to demonstrate the timing now with just we have I've just finished my homework I've just finished my homework I finished my homework a

short while go with already I've already watched that movie I've already watched that movie I watched that movie sometime in the past so just is a short while ago and already sometime in the past it could be a few days ago it could be a few months ago we don't know but what we do know is that it happened longer ago than just I've just watched that movie I very recently watched it I've already watched that movie a bit further back in time let's take a look at yet I haven't been to the supermarket yet

I haven't been to the supermarket yet this means that it's planned but not done you've planned something but you haven't done it yet see perfect place to use that word and still I still haven't called my teacher I still haven't called my teacher in this context it also means that it's planned but not done this meaning is very similar to the third example the previous example the differences that this implies the still here implies that this action should have already been completed but you still haven't done it yet the still here focuses a little bit

more on that you should have already performed that action but you still haven't maybe you've been procrastinating maybe you downloaded Candy Crush I did that once I know that's a very old game I was ridiculous anyway moving on so we've got the basic outline let's dive a little deeper and look at them as individuals already already has three basic usages first usage it's used to describe something that happened in the near past as we discussed before you don't need to wash up I've already done it I'm very recently washed up the action likely happened several

minutes ago second usage we use it to describe an action that happened longer ago I don't want to travel to Spain I've already been there that is the biggest lie I've ever said I always want to travel to Spain in this sentence the meaning of already could be months or years in the past it's much further in the past than the first example the third use of already and this is an important one is to express the idea that something happened quicker than expected the test started 10 minutes ago but she's already finished it that

is way quicker than I expected maybe the test was meant to be 30 or 60 Minutes long but the student finished it in 10 minutes this action took place sooner than expected I can't believe you finished it already let's have a quick test to check your understanding I'm going to show you two sentences and I want you to think about the meaning of already in that sentence whether it's the first usage the near past the second usage longer ago or the third usage quicker than expected first one I don't want to see that concert I've

already seen them live I don't want to see that concert I've already seen them live one two or three near past longer ago or quicker than expected if you chose number two then you are correct number two it's 11:00 a.m. and he's already eating his lunch it's 11:00 a.m. and he's already eating his lunch I can relate hard with this sentence I can really relate with this sentence whenever I have a pack lunch I just can't stop thinking about it until I'm finally eating it which usage one two or three if you chose three then

you are incor joking you're correct did that make you jump yeah he's eating his lunch sooner than expected but he knows his body clock so he can do what he wants let's move on to the next word just just has a very similar meaning to already as we have already discussed a short while ago but it expresses that something happened much more recently I've just finished dinner now it's time for dessert I finished dinner moments ago and now I'm ready for dessert however just can talk about something that happened a little longer ago it could

be used to describe something that happened recently for example William has just come back from America William could have come back sever several days ago rather than moments ago but this is still considered recent I've also got three more usages of the word just they all have a similar General meaning in that they express a strong feeling towards something an example that's just what I wanted to say that's exactly or precisely what I wanted to say so just here is used to express a precise or exact meaning that's just what he thought that's exactly precisely

what he thought another example she is just an amazing singer she is just an amazing singer it's like saying simply she is simply an amazing singer so just here is used to show a strong feeling about something I strongly feel that she is an amazing singer what about this just finish the task as quickly as you can just finish the task as quickly as you can just here is used to express impatience when giving orders just do it do it now so those were all about having a strong feeling towards something we now have two

more meanings these are used very frequently if I phone my husband and he's at work and he says what do you need I might say I just wanted to tell you that I love you I just wanted to tell you that I love you we use just here to reduce the force of a statement and almost to suggest that it's not important oh it's not important I just wanted to tell you that I love you another example can I just borrow your phone for one minute can I just borrow your phone that's all I want

it's not much please can I borrow your phone and lastly we can use it to mean simply or only I'm just a student so I can't afford it I'm simply or only a student so I can't afford it okay so we have those seven usages Let's test you once again to check your understanding what is just being used for in this sentence you should call call Tom he is just the man for the job I might have given it away with my hand you should call Tom he's just the man for the job it's the

third one to express a precise or exact meaning he is the exact man for the job and the next sentence I don't want to hear any excuses just be quiet I don't want to hear any excuses just be quiet which meaning is it it's usage number five to express impatience when giving orders so we've already spoken about already and just but we still haven't spoken about still or yet so let's move on to these last two I mentioned earlier that still can be a little bit tricky this is because it can have various applications let's

take a look we can use it to describe something that is going to happen in the near future in this case it's used in a negative context I've been waiting for 20 minutes but he still hasn't arrived still is often used with continuous grammar describing an action that is continuing and hasn't finished yet he is still washing his car he is continuing to do so he hasn't finished yet this can imply that somebody is taking longer than they should or something is taking longer than it should he's still cleaning his car he's still out there

he loves that car the last use of still is to talk about habits in particular habits that have not changed even if they may be should have changed an example he's 35 but he still lives with his mom obviously it's absolutely fine to live with your mom when you're 35 whatever works for you I mean the housing price is now moving on however there is that implication that it's not normal to do that it's a habit that should have been broken according to society another example do you still go to that nightclub oh we stopped

going ages ago it's implying oh you still do that oh we stopped that ages ago it doesn't always have to be negative do you still work for Google for example do you still work for Google yes cool so there's still for you it's used to describe something that's going to happen in the near future or likely to happen in the near future an action in progress that still hasn't finished or to talk about a habit that hasn't changed sometimes with an implication that it should have changed I hope that's clear for you finally let's talk

about yet this adverb of time has a couple of meanings but the most common one is to express that something's going to happen soon have you finished your homework yet I expect you to finish it soon but I don't know if you've completed the task or not comparing this to already have you already finished your homework it implies a little bit more that I'm shocked that you've done it so soon have you already finished your homework if I say have you finished your homework yet there's no strong implication that you've done the homework quicker or

slower than expected have you you still not finished your homework that implies that your homework is being completed at a much slower rate than expected there is another meaning of yet and it's similar to the meaning of nonetheless nonetheless what a great a great word to say nevertheless was always a favorite of my students nonetheless means despite what has been said or done it's similar to but nonetheless he's re Reed yet he still continues to work he's retired nevertheless or nonetheless he still continues to work okay if you're still watching well done we are now

going to get into some really Advanced grammar in this video You're going to hear about the tenses and many other structures you will need for the C1 level of English what do you think are you ready for C1 to learn more about this level and B1 and B2 don't forget about the B1 to C1 ebook it's free to download the link is in the description box have you ever heard someone boast about having this level of English the C1 level this is also known as the advanced level of English for most English Learners the C1

advanced level is the ultimate goal but when students approach me and say I want to reach C1 if I ask them well do you know what what C1 is do you know what the advanced level is they often can't tell me in this video I'm going to go through all of the grammar that you need to master to be able to say that you have a C1 level of English there is also so much to cover in vocabulary I have so much to share with you things like humor paraphrasing word formation today we're going to

focus on the grammar okay I'm going to tell you about the grammar that you need to master to be able to say I am at C1 level in English but first let's look a little deeper into what a C1 level of English actually is if you reach B2 you are said to be fluent in English but C1 takes this further this is why C1 is the ultimate goal in my opinion C1 is fluency with a deep understanding of the nuances of the English language when you achieve C1 and I truly believe you will be able

to you will express yourself with phrases that native speakers naturally use and you'll be able to do it without thinking which means saying things like I can't wait to put my own stamp on this place instead of I can't wait to redecorate you use English as if it's part of your instinct you'll be able to express yourself spontaneously without reaching for or searching for words don't worry all of us get St stuck sometimes even in our native language we can all relate but I have got a really good trick for that one of my favorite

parts of the C1 level is that you'll be able to understand subtle jokes in English this means complete participation in conversations and everyday life I've learned multiple second languages and I know what it's like to be in a group situation where someone says something that's seemingly meaningless and everyone laughs apart from you it feels bloody lonely so this might sound like complete and utter native like fluency you might be wondering what is after C1 like what could C2 possibly be well C2 is the highest level of English here you have a near native understanding you

can comprehend and summarize almost everything you read and listen to including colloquialisms or Regional language and you can express yourself with an understanding of the finest nuances of English in just about any situation oh and you need to know around 16,000 words obviously this is just a Rough Guide as a teacher I encourage all of my students to aim for a B2 level of English I encourage my students who are truly passionate about English British culture the students who want to excel I recommend that they go for the C1 level of English with B2 you

would be able to work in English but C1 is about reaching that level of comfort and relaxation where you don't have to reach for words you know them as part of your instinct so let's talk about grammar when you do A1 B1 and B2 you have a lot of grammar to learn in my B1 program there is loads of grammar a big focus on tenses in B2 there's still a lot of grammar C1 is less about learning entirely new grammatical structures because you should have already learned most of that at B2 and Below instead C1

is about learning grammatical nuances so it's adding to your repertoire of phrases and building your instincts for English grammar B1 and B2 are about introducing big new topics C1 is about find tuning and tweaking let's take a look at the grammar that you need to know for this C1 level we'll start with the tenses if you feel ready to study at C1 level in English you should already have a strong foundation in the English tenses however a C1 program or course will provide you with revision of the past present and future tenses with a focus

on their Advanced uses and this is exactly what we will do in my beautiful British English C1 program for examp example you should know how to use the future perfect tense to make assumptions about the present for example I'm sure my husband will have noticed that I used all the milk this morning if you're studying at C1 you should also learn how to talk about the future using some Advanced structures like to be set to and to be on the verge of and you need to know when it is appropriate to use these structures let's

move on to models at C1 level you should be comfortable with using modal verbs and you should know some Advanced structures for speculation and deduction and you'll also be comfortable with using modal verbs with adverbs that collocate with them like they could conceivably have driven all that way in one night but it's unlikely you'd also know how to use structures such as the odds are or I dare say for example I dare say I'll have to brush up on my grammar before I do a new course conditionals at C1 level you should already be familiar

with the basic conditionals and the mixed conditionals but when you're at C1 you're going to learn about a range of words and phrases to replace if and to take your conditionals to a more advanced level for example this is quite Advanced but for a wonderful trip to Spain when I was younger I would never have decided to learn the language or given that I'd like to achieve the C1 level of English I'm going to have to study harder can you see how it's kind of like B2 on steroids C1 what about the passive voice again

if you've reached C1 you should be well versed in how the passive voice is used but at C1 there will be more of a focus on using the passive infinitive and passive ing forms for example Lucy recalled having been taught about the passive voice at some point in the past you'll also need to learn about the subtle differences between phrases like there's nothing to do and there's nothing to be done just a subtle difference in meaning between the two but important you'll also need to have a strong understanding of how to use negative inversion to

add emphasis and variation to your writing and your speaking inversion is used widely in literary contexts so understanding this structure will help you to comprehend and analyze a wide range of texts more effectively particularly those with complex or literary styles for example never have I seen such a beautiful sunset or such was the commotion that I could barely hear myself think I love inversion in English I think it sounds bloody beautiful never have I come across such a beautiful grammatical structure oh we have to mention hedging and boosting those who have a C1 level should

be familiar with hedging and boosting when writing and speaking so hedging is a linguistic strategy that allows speakers to soften or downplay the force of their statements Often by using hedging verbs like to seem or the passive voice and adverbs like presumably this is something we do a lot in British English hedging is part of our culture for example it seems like this might be a good solution boosting on the other hand involves using language to increase the force or impact of a statement Often by using adverbs like undeniably or strong verbs like to prove

for example this has been proven to be the best solution to our problem another really important aspect of achieving a C1 level of English is understanding the various meanings of a number of phrasal verbs depending on the context phrasal verbs can take on different meanings but to effectively communicate and understand Advanced conversations you will need Proficiency in using phrasal verbs there's no escaping them at this point I'll show you a quick example using the phrasal verb to set up we have to set up meaning to organize or arrange to set up a time for a

meeting we can also set people up on a date we can put two people together with the intention of them forming a romance my friend set me up with her cousin we could also have to set someone up meaning to trick someone to put them in a situation where they're going to be humiliated or tricked you set me up when you told me it was a fancy dress party everyone else was in Black Tie we also have to set up as in to put things into place I need to set up my filming studio so

I can make some lessons some of the most important grammatical tools that see1 level students need to master are the use of coordinating correlative and subordinating conjunctions and connectors because they enable you to form more complex and varied sentence structures enhancing your ability to express ideas and arguments these tools also help you to establish logical connections between ideas making written and spoken communication more coherent persuasive and fluid overall now these should have been leared at B1 and B2 level but a demonstrated level of proficiency is really necessary at the C1 level okay that in general

is the majority of the grammar that you need to know to say that you're at a C1 level of English that's all for me today I hope you found this lesson useful okay back to My First Love Now pronunciation in the next lesson you're going to learn about how to pronounce contractions we use so many contractions in the tense from I'm to ited Let's listen oh this video is a bit of a mix of everything it's going to be about pronunciation and a little bit of grammar too and it's going to help your vocabulary today

we're going to talk about contractions contractions are perfect for informal situations for conversational English native speakers use them all the time today I'm really going to be focusing on how to anounce them because lots of students struggle with that a contraction is when we take two words and we shorten them into one word for example I will I'll in today's lesson we are going to discuss positive contractions and maybe in another video I'll talk to you about negative contractions let's get started with the lesson so let's take a look at that I will example again

I'll you'll notice that we use use the apostrophe to replace some missing letters to form contractions we usually combine a verb auxiliary or modal with a pronoun however there are always exceptions because it's English we just love exceptions the most common contractions are formed with am is R has had and would will so I think to start we'll take a look at how to pronounce contractions that that include the B verb as in am is and are first we have I am which is written and pronounced as I'm I'm I'm sorry I'm late there's so

much traffic today we also have he is and this can be pronounced in various ways the most common one is he's you can also hear his that's a very short sort of weak form some sometimes people will even drop the H the H sound and they'll say is this is only in certain dialects most commonly you'll hear he's or his he's at the store he'll be back soon we also have she is which is pronounced as she she or the weak form shiz shiz she's the smartest in the group it is is nice and easy

it's pronounced it's it's it's not supposed to go in the cupboard it goes in the refrigerator we also have your Y and there's another way of pronouncing this you can also say y y but Y is a bit simpler a bit easier to say I think you're right about that we also have we are as in we we this can be a tough one to pronounce e uh ear ear we're off to the cinema see you in a few hours and finally they are makes there there I know that e sound could be quite challenging

too e e some students find it easy to just pronounce the e sound and elongate it e e e there still here do you want me to get them for you let's move on and focus on the contractions including has had and have they can be used as contractions but only when they are auxiliary verbs this part's really important we can't use have has or had as a contraction if it is the main verb in the sentence take a look at these two examples this should clarify it for you I had just heard the news

when you called me had in that sentence is an auxiliary verb we can use it as a contraction there I just heard the news when you called me in this next sentence I had a cup of coffee this morning it's the main verb of the sentence we can't contract it I a cup of coffee this morning it just doesn't sound right I had a cup of coffee this morning let's take a look at has first because it can be quite confusing firstly we have she has she's she we also have the weak form sh she's

been working late most nights we have he has he's he's or the weak form his he's got a meeting at 10: and finally it has contracted to its it's it's been sitting out all night now these three are confusing because they have the same pronunciation and spelling as the contract form of she is he is and it is how do you know the difference well it should be fairly clear from the context but if you have a doubt you need to see how the sentence has been conjugated if you can see a past participle after

the contraction it means that the contraction represents has if you see been eaten seen then usually the apostrophe s will be has let's take a look at the easier ones we have to have I have is I've I've I've been here all day you have is youve youve you've come all this way just to break up with me and we have is weave weave or the weak form with we've taken the dog to the vet and we have had I had becomes i' i' I'd been studying English for 3 years before moving to leads you

had becomes you you you would have passed if you'd studied she had becomes she she she'd been sleeping all day when he called her he had becomes he' he' he'd left before us but was still late we had becomes weed weed we'd seen him around the office but we didn't know he was the new boss and they had becomes they they they eaten before coming over let's take a look at wood the contractions for wood you'll notice that they are very similar to the contractions for had I will show you a couple of rules after

we've covered the pronunciation I would i' I'd like to visit London you would you you'd look good in this dress he would he'd he'd like to spend time with his family she would she'd she'd like to go on holiday it would ited it would be great to see you when you're back we would weed we'd love to come to your wedding and they would they they'd take the train but the tickets are too expensive so how do we know if contractions like I and weed are representing had or would here are some rules to follow

W is followed by an infinitive she would go I would love she'd go I'd love would can also be followed by the present perfect tense they' have slept I'd have given with had a past participle follows IID eaten I had eaten he'd gotten he had gotten let's move on to our penultimate section will before we move on to some extra ones these ones are fairly simple we have I will I'll I'll come around later today you will you'll I'm a great cook you'll see he will he'll he'll put it on his credit card she will

she'll she'll sleep on the sofa it will it'll it'll need some food and water in the morning we will We we'll see you next week and they will they'll they'll move your luggage for you finally I have five more positive contractions that don't follow the same patterns but you'll probably hear them quite frequently we have should have should have we can also sometimes pronounce this as Shoulda this is way more informal we should have left much earlier would and could follow that same pattern I actually have a video on this I'll make sure I link

it in the description box all about should have would have and could have she would have been so angry they could have come finally we have want to and going to we shorten these to wner and Gunner I have a video All About these again I'll put it in the description box for you I want to go to yoga in the morning I'm going to finish this project okay you've made it a long way do you want to have some fun well we're going to we're going to learn how to use W to and GNA

correctly in this video I have got a seriously important lesson for you today and this lesson is going to help you understand native speakers and sound more native yourself so what are we going to talk about today well we're going to talk about reductions I'm going to show you how to correctly use words like wner and Gunna I use them all the time in Daily conversations it's not good English but it is colloquial conversational English and you will hear it and you probably will want to learn to use it because saying I want to and

I'm going to all the time can be pretty tiresome so you've probably heard native speakers use words like wner and Gunner now because it's a colloquial word there are some variations in spelling I have seen it written W which is what I would tend to use and also W and I've seen G and Gana as well but the pronunciation stays the same W Gunna not GNA it's Gunna not wna it's w now the first word that I want to talk about is W now now W to means want to want to I W to go

home I want to go home now this is fine when we use it with I you we and they I want to go home you want to go home we want to go home and they want to go home that's fine the problem arises when we want to use he she or it why well because we have to use the third person singular now I want to but she wants to so wna changes to wants to wants to so he wants to go home she wants to go home it wants to go home so you

must remember that if it's he she or it it's not W it's want you have to make sure that the verb and the subject agree now moving on to Gunner Gunner means going to and the biggest mistake that I hear is that students forget to use it with the verb to be I am going you are going to be going so I always hear I going to go she going to go we going to do that's wrong it needs to be I'm going to go she's going to go we're going to do now the other

error that students tend to make with Gunna is to do with the pronunciation of the third person singular again I'm going to go you're going to go we're going to go they're going to go is fine but as she and he both finish with a vowel sound which is voiced we need to use the z sound she's going to go he's going to go if you want to sound native you must do that if you say she GNA go or he GNA go I immediately recognize that you're not a native speaker of course people will

understand you but if you want to speak like a native then that's what you need to do now with it on the other hand as T is an unvoiced consonant we use the S sound after it so she's going to he's going to it's going to now I hope that clarified your doubts about the reductions wner and Gunna remember not gonna it's Gunna not W it's w remember there are various different spellings but I would advise against using them in written English it's something that we tend to use more speaking now remember that you're subject

has to agree with the verb w i w he or she wants to then remember to use the verb to be with Gunna and the pronunciation she's gonna he's gonna it's gonna okay I know you're going to be sad but we've reached our last video but it's a really good one and before you watch this isn't a tense this is a mood we're going to learn about the subjunctive mood it's used in different tenses it's very important so watch the video to learn more I have an advanced grammar lesson for you today we are going

to cover the subjunctive mood and if I were you I'd pay attention right let's get started with the lesson you probably already Ed the subjunctive mood at certain times when you're speaking English particularly in some conditional sentences if you have ever said if I were you you have used the subjunctive I want to help you expand your knowledge with a few different verbs we use in the subjunctive mood but firstly what is the subjunctive mood we use it to express wishes and imagine situations and to make proposals and suggestions let's look at wish if only

and would rather they often have this construction I wish he were here if only I were taller I would rather he played outside more often instead of always sitting on the computer these are examples of the subjunctive mood now you will often hear native speakers say I wish he was here for example the subjunctive mood in general is slowly falling out of use but it's imperative that you learn it if you want to pass any exam or Test in English you will hear lots of native speakers using it and you'll especially want to use it

in more formal situations and in writing let's talk about the subjunctive verb forms the present subjunctive uses the base form of the verb with all subjects we use the present subjunctive to talk about a present or future hypothetical for example I suggested he stop eating out so often if he wants to save money you can see that I used the base form of the verb stop and not stops as would normally follow a third person singular subject it is often tricky to see that the subjunctive is being used if the sentence doesn't contain a third

person singular subject if I said I suggested they stop eating out so often if they want to save money you can't see that the verb stop is in the subjunctive form but this is a subjunctive sentence in the past subjunctive we use the past simple form or with be we use were with all subjects we use the past subjunctive to talk about things that we wish were true or that we wish had happened in the past I wish she were here again we use were and not was to indicate that this is something imagined we

often use the past subjunctive in subordinate clauses that begin with as though as if and if as well as with the ver verb wish some examples he looked straight through me as if I were invisible or Dylan seemed so confident as though he knew he would win from the very beginning in the second example it's difficult to see the subjunctive being used but it is there now let's talk about verbs and phrases that are followed by the subjunctive sentences in the subjunctive mood often contain m multiple Clauses here are some of the phrases and verbs

that can be followed by the subjunctive with examples suggest I suggest he go home immediately and check on his mom recommend I recommend you take two tablets per day request we requested that she' come an hour earlier to help us set up demand he demands they clean their rooms right now ask ask I ask that we change the time of the event as so many people can't make it insist they insisted he move his car as it is blocking the road propose she proposes the team continue training for as long as possible tonight it is

important that it is important that she be given priority it is advisable that it is advisable that they stay outside for as short a time as possible it is imperative that it is imperative that work stop immediately while we wait for the inspector finally I'd like to show you some common phrases in English that contain the subjunctive suffice to say suffice to say Ellen wasn't very happy when they arrived 2 hours late or be that as it may be that as it may we can't wait for them forever one of my favorites heaven forbid heaven

forbid anything happen to them and so be it we use that on its own so be it this is an expression of acceptance or resignation so be it I'll let you have the job come what may they're pushing ahead with the new road Come What May and finally far beit far beit from me to tell anyone what to do with far beit from me to tell anyone what to do it's saying that I'm not intending to tell anyone what to do if I say far beit from me to criticize I might be preceding something that

might sound like criticism but I don't want it to be criticism all of these phrases sound incredibly formal and quite old-fashioned I personally like them I think they sound very eloquent and interesting okay that's it we're done if you got this far congratulations now is the time to download the full tenses ebook and I will give you my B1 to C1 ebook for free too it contains everything we've discussed in this video plus quizzes and activities the link to get your ebooks is in the description box or you can scan the QR code or even

type in the link on screen I really hope you enjoyed the course today I really enjoy making these videos for you I will see you soon in the next video [Music] [Music]