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What is silver? Hey Engineering Lovers, today we're going to talk about a very peculiar material that was requested a lot in the comments. A precious element, which for a long time was coveted by the greatest European powers of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, silver.

But let's start at the beginning, what is silver? Silver is a chemical element belonging to the family of transition metals and is located in group 11 of the periodic table. Its symbol is Ag, which comes from the Latin "argentum" and has atomic number 47.

Silver is known for its brilliant color and its use in various applications. It is known for its high electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as being an excellent reflector of light, which makes it useful in a wide range of applications. From a chemical point of view, silver is relatively stable, although it reacts slowly with sulfur-containing compounds.

, which can cause a dark silver sulfide patina to form. This is notable in silver jewelry that darkens over time due to exposure to sulfur present in the air and other materials. Silver also has antimicrobial properties, because its ions have the ability to inhibit the growth of many types of bacteria, fungi and viruses, making it a good option in environments where hygiene is crucial.

But why does it have this argentum name? The word "argentum" comes from Latin and has been used to refer to silver since ancient times. The etymological origin of the term "argentum" is not entirely clear, but there are some theories about its origin.

One theory suggests that the term "argentum" may have been derived from a Proto-Indo-European word, meaning "to shine" or "white". In some ways, this aligns with the characteristics of silver, which is known for its characteristic shine and white color. Another theory is that the name may be related to the Greek word "argyros", which also means silver.

During Antiquity, there was significant cultural and commercial exchange between the Romans and the Greeks, and it is possible that the word argentum was adopted by the Romans during this period. And when was silver discovered? It is one of the oldest known metals and was discovered and used by ancient civilizations thousands of years ago.

Its discovery dates back thousands of years, and there is no specific record that can be identified as its "discovery" in the modern sense. However, there is archaeological evidence that silver was used as early as the Neolithic period, around 5000 BC, in regions such as modern-day Iran and Turkey. In these places, silver artifacts dating from this period were found, suggesting that the metal was already known and worked by human beings at that time.

Throughout history, silver has been widely used in various ancient civilizations, from the Sumerians and Egyptians to the Greeks and Romans. It was widely valued for its physical properties, such as its shine and malleability, and also for its practical applications, which ended up being included in coins, utensils, jewelry and religious objects. And nowadays, are there still places in the world that contain silver?

Currently, silver is mined in several countries around the world. Mexico is historically one of the largest silver producers in the world. The country has several operating silver mines, including the Fresnillo Mine, one of the largest silver mines in the world.

Peru is another major silver producer and its silver mines are mainly located in the Andes, a region rich in mineral deposits and the Uchucchacua mine is one of the country's main producers. Speaking a little about consumers, China today is one of the largest consumers and also producers of silver in the world. Although silver production in China is lower than in some other countries, it is still significant globally.

And to find silver you just have to dig in the ground and find the silver? How is this mining done? Silver is found mainly in the form of sulfide minerals, nitrate minerals, carbonate minerals, and also as a by-product of ores of other metals such as lead, zinc and copper.

Some of the main ores that contain silver are argentite, galenite, pyrargyrite, and some others Argentite, which is also known as silver sulfide, is the most common mineral that contains silver. It is often found in deposits of metallic sulfides associated with lead, zinc and copper ores. Galenite is a lead sulfide mineral, and can contain varying amounts of silver.

Pyrargyrite is a silver-antimony sulfide mineral and is one of the main silver minerals found in high-temperature hydrothermal deposits. And how does this mining and processing of these silver ores work? Well, silver mining can vary depending on the characteristics of the mineral deposit and available technologies.

However, it generally follows a similar process, which can be summarized as follows. Before starting mining, it is necessary to identify silver deposits. This involves carrying out geological and geophysical surveys to identify areas with mineral potential.

After identifying these deposits, the next stage involves the development of the mine itself and then the process of extracting the silver minerals. There are two main extraction methods: underground mining and open pit mining. If you want to know more about these types of mining, click on the video card at the end of this one to find out the details about these two methods.

After extraction, the silver ore is transported to processing facilities, where it is crushed and ground into fine particles. The crushed ore is then subjected to processes we call flotation or leaching to separate the silver from minerals that have no economic value, something we call gangue minerals. At the end of this process, we have a silver concentrate, which then goes through a smelting and refining process to produce high-purity metallic silver.

It is important to understand that the longer the refining process, the greater the purity of the silver, and these processes involve methods such as electrolysis or chemical refining. This refined silver is then shaped into bars or ingots to facilitate transportation and marketing. And where is silver most used today?

When we think of silver, we may immediately think of silver jewelry, chains and ornaments, but its applications go a little further, ranging from the technology sector to medicine and industry. As I already said, silver is an excellent electrical conductor and is widely used in the manufacture of electronic components, such as electrical contacts, connectors, switches and printed circuits. It was and can still be used in photographs, where it was often used in photographic films and traditional photographic papers.

As it is sensitive to light, it ends up becoming essential for image formation in traditional photographic processes. And it is certainly widely used in the jewelry and decorative objects sector, due to its appearance, beauty, malleability and, above all, corrosion resistance. You can see everything from rings, necklaces, earrings, bracelets and various decorative objects that use silver.

As it has antimicrobial properties, it ends up being used in medical and personal care products, such as bandages, ointments, catheters, orthopedic implants and surgical instruments. It is widely used in dentistry in metal alloys for dental restorations, such as silver amalgam, because it guarantees greater durability and resistance to corrosion inside your mouth. This type of property can also be incorporated into fabrics and clothing to produce antimicrobial clothing, socks, gloves and sports equipment, where silver helps control the growth of bacteria and odors.

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So, did you know about these applications of silver? Do you have any silver objects lying around? Leave it here in the comments and I want to know.

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