O que é ESTADO DE NATUREZA (Thomas Hobbes)? | 2 Minutos de filosofia nas SEGUNDAS-feiras

Hello everything is fine? Today is Monday and it's the day for our two minutes of philosophy. I'm Professor Leandro Cordioli and I'd like to know: do you know what the state of nature is?

Let our clock begin! Well, what is the state of nature? The state of nature, for Hobbes, is the natural condition of the human being, where all men are free, and this freedom is broad, even giving rights over each other's lives and bodies.

It is also a state of broad equality, because no man can surpass others. In the state of nature, there is still no common power capable of controlling men, so they live in a situation of constant fear of losing their own lives. In the state of nature, Hobbes states that man lives in a situation of constant war of all against all.

Every man is the enemy of every man, and therefore everyone must be feared. In this state of nature, man's life, as Hobbes describes it, is "solitary, poor, sordid, brutish, and short. " This is because everything you produce or plant cannot be enjoyed, to the extent that, if you plant something, someone else can come and take it by force.

In this condition of war of all against all, there is also no justice or injustice, neither good nor evil. After all, there is no common power capable of imposing order and reciprocal respect. Therefore, everything is permitted.

As it is a state of constant war, the cardinal virtues in the state of nature, for Hobbes, are strength and cunning. That was our two minutes of philosophy. This condition narrated in the state of nature is sad, where there is ample freedom, but also a widespread fear of death and of losing the things that make life pleasant.

Lucky for us, according to Hobbes, man can enter into a condition of society, in which a common power can institute laws endowed with coercion, guaranteeing conditions so that we can develop our ethical capabilities and the virtue of justice itself. Other philosophers propose different concepts of the state of nature, but all of this is the subject of two more minutes of philosophy. Don't forget to subscribe to the channel to be notified of future videos that I will upload on YouTube.

A big hug and have a good week. These are the votes of Professor Leandro Cordioli.