Get It RIGHT! | How To Nail -ED Endings—Speaking English

have you ever noticed how the past tense Ed ending can disappear in spoken English what yeah let's look at an example the word looked the Ed which has three different pronunciations is a t sound here T looked but sometimes we drop the t- sound between two consonants so in the common phrase looked for there might be no t- sound at all then it sounds just like the present tense that we analyze to look for patterns and what our leaders did did you hear it I didn't let's watch on slow motion then maybe we'll catch a

tea that we analyze look for patterns in what our leaders did no in conversational English those t's are sometimes dropped let's look at another example where is the T if you haven't looked for a job within some period of time nope didn't hear it let's try slow motion if you haven't looked for a job within some period of time this tea also dropped today we're pulling together three videos on this confusing topic the three different pronunciations of the Ed ending I'm Rachel and I've been teaching the American accent here on YouTube for over 15 years

check check out Rachel's english.com sfree for my free course the top three ways to master the American accent let's get started with the Ed endings if you know the three pronunciations or have a guess put them in the comments below there are three rules the first one is if the sound before the Ed ending is unvoiced then the Ed ending becomes a t worked for example the k sound is unvoiced C that means only air makes the sound not a vibration of the vocal cords so for an unvoiced ending the Ed is also unvoiced T

the T sound is unvoiced worked worked you probably learned that worked and you learned that pronunciation with that true T okay let's go to yish where we can hear some Americans saying this word worked with that TT sound following the rules of pronunciation we're going to do a search on the phrase worked for worked for in American English so then one of the two adults who work for the program said worked for the program wait I didn't hear that did you I didn't hear worked for the program I didn't hear that T I heard work

for the program let's listen again so then one of the two adults who worked for the program said let's try it in slow motion if we slow it down here here do we hear the tea two adults who work for the program said work for the work for the work for the there's no tea it sounds like the present tense work for I work for them but it's past tense and we know that because she's telling a story about something that happened to her in the past all right well let's listen to another one are

we hearing the T in worked my dad worked okay there he said worked let's listen to that in a full sentence you know it uh he worked for Chrysler and oh no when he put the word in the sentence he dropped the tea again what's going on well in American English it's pretty common to drop a tea when it comes between two consonants this happens for example in the word exactly most Americans won't say that T exactly they'll say exactly dropping the t- sound or in the phrase just because most Americans will drop that t

because it comes between two consonants and we'll say just because just right from the s to the B with no T So this can happen with these Ed endings as we go through all the rules for Ed endings in this video we're going to look at not just the rules but what actually happens when Americans speak so you're getting effective accent training so rule one was unvoiced ending Ed is pronounced like a T rule two if the ending of the word in the infinitive is voiced The Ed ending will also be voiced which is a

d let's go to eish to find some examples we'll look at the phrase opened the I showed up in Cathy a secretary opened the door and I walk back oh no it happened again opened the door became open the door with no D sound even though it was in the past tense even though in English it would absolutely be written with that Ed ending let's listen in slow motion secretary open the door and I walk back open the door open the door open the door nope no D we'll talk more about this D later but

for now let's go and look at the third rule for Ed endings if the final sound is D or t the Ed ending adds not just an extra sound like t or d but an extra syllable you can think of this as being I as in sit or schah plus d and it said very quickly it's unstressed so need becomes needed that last syllable always unstressed said quickly needed needed so we're learning these three rules worked opened and needed and we're also learning how these endings might change when part of a sentence let's go into

more detail about rule one Ed is t t after an unvoiced sound these are all of the unvoiced Sounds in American English but we've already said that t goes with rule three also there are no words that end in the H sound plenty of words that end in the letter but none that end in the sound that I know of so for our ending sound for rule one we have ch f c p s sh and F for all of the words in this category if the Ed word is at the end of the sentence

you will pronounce that t how did you get there I walked Walked with a Light release of the T sound for all of the words in this category if the Ed word is linking into a word that begins with a vowel or dong you will lightly release the T into that word connecting the two words for example walked a lot walked a lot walked T the T linking into thewwa but if the next word begins with a consonant many times a native speaker will drop the T sound let's look at each of the possibilities we'll

start with a CH like in the word watched in the phrase I watch the best movie last night I watch the best watch the best I watched the best movie last night now let's play me saying that phrase in slow motion you won't hear a te I watched the best movie last night to fully pronounce the T it would sound like this watched the watched the I watched the best movie last night I watched the best movie last night and that's just not as natural as I watched the best movie last night dropping the tea

now do you have to drop the tea will Every American always drop the tea between two continents no I'm sorry this is one of the things where sometimes Americans will do it and sometimes they won't but just knowing about it is going to help you understand what's happening in American English conversation and you're going to hear a lot of examples in this video that will help you feel more comfortable dropping the tea in these Ed ending words so that you can sound more natural too we're going to go to eish and we're going to listen

to two people saying the phrase watched the the first time you'll hear a t dropped no T at all and then not you know when I when I watched the original trilogy I I thought it was the story of Luke watch the original I didn't hear a te there let's listen in slow motion you know when I when I watch the original trilogy I okay no T here's an example though where there's a clear T in the phrase watched the utter lack of leadership that I watched the NFL fail watched the so this one can

go either way the thing you don't want to do is drop the T but then not connect it to the next word you do want it connect them you can only get by with dropping that tea if you connect but even when we say this tea remember it's not watched It's got less energy than that watched T watched the a very light T next the unvoiced sound F let's link it into a vowel stuffed it stuffed it stuffed it light true te connecting let's look at stuffed though we the next sound is a consonant I

stuff the blanket into the bag stuff the I went to yish and I heard both pronunciations with the light te release and then also dropped let's listen to some here it's dropped so I rented the biggest linol made and I stuffed the bowls in the trunk I stuffed the i stuff the and here it is lightly pronounced I'm not sure uh if you guys stuffed the box stuffed the stuffed the the k sound like in kicked I kicked it linking into a vowel we do a light tea release kicked it when the next sound is

a consonant like kicked the I kicked the ball this can go either way here's an example where it's dropped the girl who uh kicked the Hornet's Nest the last book in the trilogy kick the kick the and here's one where it's not dropped while we kicked the can down the road kicked the kick but I want to say I listened to about 50 samples on yish of kicked thee and I only found one or two where the T was pronounced also in these 50 samples I found a lot of them were in the phrase Kick

the Can down the road this is an idiom that means to deal with a problem or make a decision later for example let's say my car broke down it's an old car and I probably need to buy a new one but I don't know what to get and I don't have a lot of money so I kicked the can down the road Road and just got this one fixed I know eventually I'll have to face the problem and replace the car but for now I'm going to kick the can down the road next p like

in the word hoped hoped I hoped it would get better hoped it t Light release of the T linking into a vowel let's look at hoped that now the t is between two consonants and that sound might get dropped in spoken English I found found quite a few examples of both dropped and pronounced here's one where it's dropped I had hoped that that word might enter I hope that I hope that and here's one where it's not dropped I hoped that my mom would just take care of it for me it hoped that it hoped

that sometimes I sense my students panic when there are two ways to do something are there cases where it's right and cases where it's wrong not really both dropped and pronounced T will work but my students don't have to want to make a decision in the moment sometimes that's stressful so just pick in general you'll pronounce it lightly or you won't I think for a lot of my students dropping it makes it a little easier makes linking easier you'll hear native speakers do both but you find the one that's right for you you know as

I think of it there is one more point we need to discuss for all of these rule one Ed endings when a word ends in a t sound which all of these do and it's followed by you or your that t can be turned into a CH for example helped you can become helped you helped you does that sound familiar helped you helped you let's listen to an example what shift in your thinking has helped you helped you helped you helped you helped you so you can hear this CH for any of these words for

example M which you'll study next missed your can become misture misture let's listen to an example perhaps miss your own life's Mission m m misture okay let's look at the S sound like in the word missed if the next sound is a vowel or diff thong you'll hear the T linking in like in the phrase missed it or it's at the end of the sentence you'll hear the T you'll be missed missed but followed by a consonant let's look at the example missed the Miss thee now when I just said those two words together it

was really natural for me to drop that t miss the that's what I want to do miss the miss that when I search for missed the on yish almost all had the dropped T so it actually just sounds like the present tense missed let's go to eish you tell me if you hear the tea everybody missed the boat that way did you hear the tea for the past tense listen again everybody missed the boat that way missed the missed the no it's not there dropped tea here is so natural now here's one where we will

hear the tea and yet it kind of missed the boat missed the missed in both of these cases we heard the idiom to miss the boat it means to miss your chance to do something to miss an opportunity for example my mom invited me on a trip but I took too long to decide if I wanted to go and she invited someone else I missed the boat I decided I really wanted to go so I was bummed about it sh let's use the word push followed by a vowel or diff thong you will hear the

te linking in pushta pushta push T pushed he pushed a kid at school but followed by a consonant like in pushed the if I say that fast in a sentence he pushed the wrong button I will probably drop that te I just listened to uish and almost everyone there dropped the tea and pushed the maybe 90% here's an example when he pushed the Civil Rights uh bills through push the push the and here's one where he does say the T pushed the which is pushed the debt to GDP ratio higher pushed the pushed let's look

at the unvoiced th like in the word Unearthed if followed by a vowel or diff song you'll hear a light te we Unearthed another clue Unearthed another to unearth means to dig something out of the Earth but it also means to discover something something that had been hidden lost or kept secret for for example I Unearthed a secret from my father's past if followed by a constant it can be dropped I listened to a lot of examples and most of the time it was dropped here's one had unearth the tomb of King tutan Comon earth

the earth the and here's one where it wasn't dropped Evans had basically Unearthed the record room Unearthed the UN Earth the so my conclusion with Ed endings rule one is this when it links into a word that begins with another consonant it's most common to drop the T which then sounds just like the present tense but don't worry about that everyone will know what you mean because of the context because you're speaking about something that happened in the past now let's have you train with some of these rule one cases with a dropped tea to

make that feel more comfortable first you'll hear a phrase then you'll hear just the two-word link miss my miss my in slow motion two times repeat the second time it's important not to just learn something but to actually train it speak out loud get used to it so then one of the two adults who work for the program said to work for to work for you know uh he worked for Chrysler and he work for wor for I watched the best movie last night watched the watched the you know when I when I watched the

original trilogy I I thought it was the story of Luke I watched the watched the so I rented the biggest lincol made and I stuffed the bowls in the trunk I stuffed the I stuffed the the girl who uh kicked the Hornet's Nest the last book in the trilogy kick the kick the I had hoped that that word might enter I hope that I hope that everybody missed the boat that way miss miss when he pushed the Civil Rights uh bills through push the push the had Unearthed the tomb of King Tuten common unearth the

unearth the I've actually kicked the tires on most KCK the KCK he skipped the 50th anniversary party in 1987 he skipped the he skipped the it helped that to had brought in a talented Chef it help that help that that has pushed for bills of Rights around the country push for push for do you plan on paying for the legal fees of this older gentleman in North Carolina who sucker punched the protester punched punched I also discovered that as I kind of sniffed the air around Lake Charles sniffed the sniff the I toss the newspaper

into the back seat toss the toss the you know we went through all the rules for the Ed endings but we really only got to talk about rule one in depth rule two the last sound in the infinitive is a voiced sound what is a voiced sound all vowels and D thongs are voiced and some consonants first we'll talk about vowels and dong for example the word agree ends in the E vowel agree past tense would be agreed with the D sound agreed now you probably learned that D is pronounced d a stop of air

voicing the vocal cords D and then a release agreed but we actually have a couple of different pronunciations that we'll use for these rule two Ed endings let's look at the phrase I agreed it would be a good idea agreed it agreed it agreed agreeded that's a flap of the tongue it's not a stop of air it's actually just like the flap T if you're familiar with that sound the D between vowel or defun sounds is a quick single flap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth agreed it agreed it agreed it so

anytime with these Ed endings that you have the sounds of a vowel or dong D and then a vowel or dong it's a flap agreed it light about light light about light about light about what if the next word doesn't begin with a vow or dong but rather a consonant let's take a look at the example agreed with I agreed with you I agreed with you it's not a fully pronounced d because there's no release that would be this I agreed with you I agreed with you agreed with agreed with we don't do that we

don't do that release when the next word begins with a consonant we make the noise in the vocal cords but we don't release it we go right into the next sound in this case W agreed with agreed with agreed it's the sound but there's not a stop and release we just carry that voice d right into the W agreed with agreed with we like to make English really smooth and that's why in these cases stop consonants are not fully pronounced let's look at a few more examples where we have a vowel or dong then the

D and then the next word begins with a consonant he sued the company sued the sued the do you hear that D in the vocal cords he sued the company plowed through plowed plowed through weigh my options weigh my Wade my Wade my options now let's look at a few more examples you tell me how the Ed ending should be pronounced flapped or unreleased the next word begins with a consonant sound so this D is unreleased toyed with toyed with toy with let's go to eish for an example and I even toyed with calling the

movie Liberty for a little while toyed with toyed with toyed with can you say that now really easily with that unreleased D sound toyed with toyed with what about this one is the D flapped or unreleased Reva rev that's usually going to be a flap because the D comes between two vowel or diff thong sounds Ruta Reva let's go to eish for an example it's what people said when they came from abroad reviewed a place reviewed one more what about this one budby the next word begins with a consonant so that will be an unreleased

D buby vibrating the vocal cords making the D sound but not releasing Boo by let's look at an example I got booed by 20,000 people for those that don't know in 2012 so for rule two we looked at vland of thongs plus Ed what about all the consonants that are voiced that's still rule two and things start to get a little more complicated we'll look at each of these voiced consonant endings let's start with are like in the word fired he was fired last week fired last fired last not d a release that would be

fired last fired last but it's fired last that unreleased D sound in the vocal cords before the next consonant if the NEX or begins with a vowel or dong the D will be flapped but only because of the r the rule for flapping is a d t will be flapped between two sounds that are vowels and dongs or if the first sound the sound before is an r and the sound after is a vowel or dong like in the word party or Hardy those are both flaps because of the r DT Val if thong pattern

party hardy so when we have an ending R infinitive plus the D sound plus the word that begins with the vow or D thong that D will be flapped it's not like this for any of these other voiced consonants it's just because of the r he was fired on Monday fired on single flap of the tongue fired on and I should say for any of these rule two words if the next word is you or your a native speaker might turn that d into a j sound we do this with any word that ends in

a d when the next word begins with you or your like in the phrase would you would J sound would you would you do that for me J J so all of these words in rule two do end in A D sound therefore you might hear this happen let's take fired you fired you as an example fired you you know they fired you and you were you were you know poor for two years fire fire fired you fired you J J with that J sound how about G another voiced consonant like in the word beg

begged she begged all the time when the next word begins with a vowel or dong you will release that D into the next word begged all the time do do do beg doll begged all the time but when the next sound is a consonant it gets more complicated honestly there are three ways you might hear it first dropped I beg for a dog when I was a little kid beg for beg for I dropped it there or you might hear that unreleased D sound in the vocal cords I begged for a dog begged for a

dog begged for a dog or you might even hear a Light release I begged for a dog begged Light release I begged for a dog let me show you what I mean we'll go to yish now in this one I hear the D in the vocal cords but not released beg for begged for that he begged for quarters in the park across the street begged [Music] for beg for course in this next one I don't really hear any D I think it's dropped the rebels beg for food at homes along the way P for food

bigood and now an example where the D is lightly released I like begged for an interview B for an interview B for an interview like I said in my rule one video try not to get stressed out about there being more than one option if it's easier for you to always lightly release your D that's okay as you get more used to English and you're around a lot of native speakers or if you're doing a lot of imitating you may find that you start dropping the D sound more naturally what we're doing here is looking

at all the different possibilities and pronunciations of what you'll hear when speaking with Americans when a word ends in the J sound like in change I just listened to a bunch of examples of changed let's listen to a few life changed pretty rapidly for the worst changed pretty Chang pretty little by little things changed Chang Chang so all those had the released D changed but it can definitely be dropped too let's look at a common phrase changed my mind changed my it's fairly common to drop the Ed ending there the more common a phrase is

the more likely we'll do some sort of reduction there and that's what I found often happens here I changed my mind becomes I changed my mind I listen to a lot of phrases and the D was almost always dropped so it just sounds like the present tense change my mind even even though it's past tense here are some examples but I have changed my mind about stress change my mind when I listen in slow motion I don't hear any kind of D it's changed my mind here a few more with that dropped D kind of

still feel like a loser cuz I changed my mind yes I changed my mind they change my mind uh i' I've changed my mind a number of times after hearing the oral argument I've changed my mind changed my mind God Appears to schayer and says I changed my mind about that confounded speech thing change my mind change my mind what about a word where the last sound in the affinitive is the L like in the word drill when it's followed by a word that begins with a vowel or dong release the D into that word

to link it drilled into drilled into let's look at some examples where the next word begins with a consonant each hole has been drilled to fit a certain nut shape drilled to drill drilled to the D made in the vocal cords drill it's not released we just go right into the T sound if I release it it would be drilled to drilled to but it's drilled drilled to listen again each hole has been drilled to fit a certain nut shape drilled to fit drilled to another example we have all these drilled but uncompleted Wells drill

drill drilled B drilled B I did hear the D released lightly drilled bit this next one was tricky for me I had to really slow it down to hear if there is an unreleased to D or not I think there is there's more rig more holes being drilled we're starting to see some more sales taxs come in drilled we star [Music] drill the most common pronunciation I was hearing in various situ ations was an unreleased D now we'll cover our three nasal consonants m n and NG for M we'll look at the word bummed that

means disappointed we often use it without I'm so bummed out now in that case because the next word begins with a d thong we link with the D doubt doubt bum out bummed out I'm so bummed out let's listen to an example of that one it was about a full day of just like being down and bummed out B down B down doubt doubt bum out now we'll hear two examples where bummed is followed by a consonant first it's dropped and that's more common and then you'll hear it where it's released see she's probably just

bummed that she's not in the center of attention bum it I didn't hear that D at all that D was dropped here it's released um and so we were bummed for a couple of days until bum bum for bummed for D D D A Light release of the D you know I haven't been talking about much when these Ed ending words are at the end of a thought group there it will usually be a Light release let's look at an example so I was bummed so I was bumed so I was bummed bummed Light release

that's a fun word isn't it I'm feeling bummed I'm kind of bummed out or you can use it as a noun it's a bummer oh shoot my favorite restaurant is closed today I wanted to eat there that's a bummer n n is kind of special n can make a tea silent do you know this rule when t comes after an N it's not uncommon to drop that t like in the word internet or interview when D comes after an n and before another consonant it's pretty common to drop like in Grand Piano so it's really

common to drop the D sound in these Ed endings when the sound in the infinitive the final sound was n and the next word begins with a consonant let's look at several examples these are all with the word signed the contracts that we signed with virtual employee State very clearly we sign with with the result was that he had only signed 10% of his paintings 10 10 of all the different laws of the country put it on one document signed by an EO all with a dropped D now we'll look at drained also all dropped

D's here you know the political philosophers have sort of drain the life out of them to some extent drain the drain life we see what we've done is we've drained the water down in this Basin drain the water drain the water the American Soldier has drained deep the Chalice of Courage drained deep drain deep and as always when the next word begins with a vowel or diff thong we'll use the released D to link in like in this example I signed in the law the global food Security Act I signed in the law sign with

that D sound linking at the end of a sentence we'll probably release that D what about n well we don't have many words here a lot of those NG ending verbs are not regular like ring rang Sing sang but we do have the word long longed the noun is longing and this means to yearn for to have a strong desire for I longed for my mother's attention or I longed for my newborn baby when I was at work or I longed to be taken seriously this is often followed by four which of course begins with

a consonant the Ed ending can be dropped but also this is an emotional word and it will sometimes be more stressed I longed for acceptance and in these cases the D will probably we be lightly released we'll hear two examples first where it's dropped and then when it's not Spanish so iton which longed for them long for them long for them The Limited technical approaches that were available I I I longed for the advantages of a microorganism long for long for let's move on to the voiced th this is another sound that's not very common

in Ed ending words we have smoothed bathed these words will most often be followed by a word that begins with a vowel like smoothed out or smoothed over or bathed in will lightly release the D into that next sound but when the next sound is a consonant it's much easier to drop the Ed ending to connect here are three examples dropping the Ed ending with the word smoothed you might say well maybe things just smooth themselves out smooth themselves smooth themselves the other thing we did is that we smooth the [Music] profile and smooth things

out so I'm waiting smooth things out [Music] SM the V sound like in moved his car moved his moved is there I dropped the H in his that's a common reduction and so the D linked into the I sound because that's a vowel moved is dis dis I moved his car at the end of a sentence we'll probably release that D he moved he moved but when the next sound is a consonant you'll hear both dropped and lightly released here to two examples in the first the D is released moved me in the second example

it's dropped that Insight is what moved me to write my book the true American moved me moved me before she moved back to Mexico moves back moves back words were the infinitive ends in z like buzzed the rules are the same release D and into a Valor diff song like in buzzed about which is one of the most buzzed about companies in education today buzzed about buzzed buzzed about means really talked about there's a lot of interest about something at the end of a thought group it will likely be released like here and she buzzed

Buzz buz and when the next word begins with a consonant you'll have either dropped or lightly released ending here's an example where it's released my phone buzzed with a text message telling me buzz buz and where the Ed ending is completely dropped oh my husband came home a little little buzz last night Buzz last last night buz night we have one more sound here for rule two and it's the z sound it's not at all common to have a verb that ends with Z Plus Ed D but we do have barraged barraged means to bombard

aggressively throw something at someone and it might not mean physically throw you can barrage someone with words or someone can feel barraged with emails they just keep getting too many emails they can't keep up this word is usually followed by with or by but you might hear barraged us followed by a vowel so you'll link with the D they barraged us with phone calls d d d barraged us barraged us at the end of a sentence I'll lightly release it I was completely barraged but followed by a consonant it will likely be dropped we're barraged

by it everywhere we go we're barraged by paper we're bared by it we're Brush by we're Brush by or BR by or lightly released I was just bred with questions br W that is a lot for rule two isn't it the pronunciations of the Ed ending depend on the sounds before and after and the more you study and watch examples on yish or TED talks the more you'll get used to how Americans pronounce the Ed endings and you'll be able to smooth out your own speech and sound natural now let's have you train some of

these rule two cases with a dropped D to make that feel more comfortable for you first you'll hear a phrase then you'll hear just the two-word link in slow motion twice three times repeat the third time it's important to not just learn something but to actually train it to speak out loud to get used to it I got booed by 20,000 people for those that don't know in 2012 P for food p but I changed my mind about stress changed my mind it's changed my mind it's changed my mind kind of still feel like a

loser cuz I changed my mind yes I changed my mind they change my mind they change my mind uh i' I've changed my mind a number of times after hearing the oral argument I've changed my mind changed mind changed mind God Appears to schayer and says I changed my mind about that confounded speech thing I changed my mind change my mind change my mind see she's probably just bummed that she's not in the center of attention bum she's bum the contracts that we signed with virtual employee stay very clearly we with the result was that

he had only signed 10% of his paintings of all the different laws of the country put it on one document signed by an EO that empowered the Department of Homeland Security sign you know the political flock opers who sort of drain the life out of him to some extent drain the life drain the life drain life we see what we've done is we've drained the water down in this Basin drain the water the [Music] water the water the American Soldier has drained deep The Chalice of Courage train deep train deep train deep you might say

well maybe things just smooth themselves out smooth themselves smooth themselves smoth themselves the other thing we did is that we smooth the [Music] profile [Music] SM you figured things out a little bit and smooth things out so I'm waiting smooth things out smooth out smooth things out before she moved back to Mexico move mov moves oh my husband came home a little little buzz last night bu last night buz night buz night we're barged by it everywhere we go we're barraged by paper we're bar [Music] fight [Music] fight by I plug the probe into my

phone plug PL they came and uh did the stage reading did the stage reading the St the stageing we actually enrolled the company we enrolled the company we en the [Music] compy enroll the compy of course he blame the Press he blame he blame he blame it is now day two and I've strained the broth strained the strain The Strain the I strain the potatoes I stra do you feel you were wrong by Conference USA not being able to host in the final year wrong but wrong but wrong but they they solve the problem they

have called Cash Flow solve the [Music] I did not expect rule two to take this long what happens to the te in wanted or parted the Ed endings in American English are absolutely crazy we have rules but we don't always follow them today we're going over rule three for the Ed ending verbs don't worry if you missed one or two you will not be lost here these are the words where the Ed ending adds not just an extra sound but a full extra syllable we're going to make sure that you know how to integrate them

smoothly and perfectly into your speech so you sound natural speaking in the past tense in American English we did a deep dive on rule one final sounds in the affinitive is unvoiced T like in walk we did a deep dive on rule two final sound in the infinitive is voiced The Ed becomes d a d sound like in seemed now we have one more Rule and it's short there are only two sounds involved the last sound in the infinitive is t or d then the Ed ending is not just an extra sound but an extra

syllable need a one- syllable word becomes needed a two syllable word correct a two syllable word becomes corrected a three syllable word this ending syllable is always unstressed today we'll go deep on rule three what exactly does it mean what are all the cases and how can you use this to sound more natural and relaxed speaking English with this extra syllable we have the I sound or you can think of it as thewwa plus d the ending D will always be a flap sound when it links into a word that begins with a vowel or

dong for example end it up end it up end it up ended up a quick flap of the tongue for that Ed ending let's look at another example acted on becomes acted on acted on acted on that flap of the tongue at the end of a thought group or when the next word begins with a consonant that will usually be an unreleased D that means we make a sound in the vocal cords for the D but we don't release it D it's just for example it ended end of my thought group I didn't release the

D it ended that vibrating of the vocal cords for that voiced sound ended now if it links into a word that begins with a consonant we'll also make that unreleased sound ended my ended my so it's not ended my ended ended we don't release it it's ended my ended my ended my releasing the D ended my ended my is just a little bit extra we don't want to make that much of the D so we vibrate the vocal cords but then go on to the next sound now if the next word is you or your

you might hear the ending become a j sound Ender Ender great but now let's look at some cases that affect the t or d at the end of the infinitive so not the Ed ending but the T at the end of the word heat for example heat ID does not equal heated because the rule for the t is that if it comes between two vowel or dong sounds it's a flap T so it's not t heated that's a true T it's heated heated heated so any word where there's a vowel or D thong plus T

and then an ed ending that's a flap T heated dated noted weighted all flap T's the flap T rule also applies when the sound before was an R so R plus t plus valer of thong is a flap T that means all the RT Ed ending words have a flap T like parted part part parted parted alerted alert alerted and this is also true for the d a d between vowels or after an R before a vowel or diff thong is a flap so for example in the word boarded B that D at the end

of the infinitive is a flap boarded worded worded what would it sound like if it wasn't a flap but a real D with a stop and the release D that would sound like this word did worded worded it's too much D we make a flap worded graded flap sound let's look at another case the sound before the T of the word in the infinitive is an N we might drop that that t we do that in the N combination sometimes like in the word interview it's very common to drop that t so let's look at

the word want past tense with the Ed ending wanted but it's actually very common to drop the T sound in that word and it becomes wanted wanted this pronunciation is more common than the pronunciation with the T let's go to yish for examples and I got into it because I wanted to help people feel better wanted wanted wanted to you had something you wanted to accomplish you wanted you wanted you want wanted each one with no T sound at all isn't this interesting it's the T at the end of want that puts this into rule

three because the final sound is the T but we don't even say that this is true also of the word counted you'll often hear that t dropped counted depending on how you counted it between 30 and 60 mobile Engineers the votes hadn't been counted counted counted counted there will definitely be cases where you hear the tea en counted but often not pointed is another word where usually the T will be dropped I pointed out the mistake pointed out pointed out no T what about the word planted becoming planted now I listened to a bunch of

examples there it does seem to be more common to actually say the T sound than to drop it planted but even that one can go either way planted or planted what about n d plus Ed ending we never drop that D ended if we dropped it it would be ended and that would sound very strange to us so ended ended bonded we don't drop the D in the other ending clusters we do say the t or d for example the PT ending prompt or interrupt we do say that t when we add on the Ed

prompted interrupted t a light true T acted lifted folded we say the D and fold folded did folded and those are the cases for rule three wow when you add up all these videos we've been talking about Ed endings for well over 30 minutes things just aren't as simple as they seem now let's test your memory for the main three rules is the Ed ending a t sound a D sound or an extra syllable here's your first word word is it agre agreed or agreed the final sound on the word when it's in the infinitive

is a vowel that's voiced so it's rule three a D sound agreed what about this word is it bombed bombed or bombed the last sound is voiced it's not a TI a d therefore it's rule two a D sound bombed what about this word is it talked talked or talked the last sound of the word in the infinitive is unvoiced therefore the ending is unvoiced T talked now let's listen to a bunch of examples for rule three Ed endings some of them will have a dropped T some of them will have a flap get used

to simplifying and linking these words into the next words first you'll hear a phrase then you'll hear just the two-word link like counted my in slow motion several times repeat the last time the third time repeat that slow motion link it's important not to just learn something but to actually train it to speak out loud to get used to it and I got into it because I wanted to help people feel better want want wanted you had something you wanted to accomplish you wanted you wanted you want depending on how you counted it between 30

and 60 mobile Engineers you counted it the votes hadn't been counted count I think that the landscape has changed from when I started when I started when I started I started she ran into a room for a summer and she said Edith Knox wore pants R they are then able to choose whether they would to view the most noted most noted most noted most noted I think overwhelmingly like 87% of people SED with the Coalition you know they they get it people SED with people people in which guided a lot of my decisions guided a

lot gued a now you could prepare a lecture on how to pronounce Ed endings what do you think confusing simple keep your learning going now with this video and don't forget to subscribe with notifications on I love being your English teacher that's it and thanks so much for using Rachel's English