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[Music] are we alone in the universe with more than 100 billion galaxies in the observable universe and at least 500 billion planets in the Milky Way alone don't you think we should have found something by now even if a tiny percentage of those billions of planets hosted intelligent life there would be tens of thousands of extraterrestrial civilizations out there yet we haven't seen any where is everybody we keep wondering what's taking them so long to come but what if I told you that even the friendliest of all aliens could wipe out our entire civilization for

good this is what if and here's what would happen if if aliens visited us [Music] tomorrow we tend to apply our theories to the rest of the universe we expect aliens to come for a visit even though we ourselves haven't traveled out of our own neighborhood yet we just believe that they've had so much more time for technological progress to make space travel possible so here they are with their shiny alien spaceship roving above our heads what would we do so what happens if aliens arrived tomorrow well we'd be facing the unknown unpredictable and possibly

Unstoppable forces to find this kind of power on Earth we'd have to go back to the gods from Norse mythology yeah that's what I'm talking about uhoh here comes Loki this is about to get serious oh no he didn't he wouldn't dare you won in on some of this action but then you need to download this game right now imagine battling Gods monsters and tricksters from Nordic mythology right on your phone that's right raid Shadow Legends lets you play with exclusive legendary characters Loki the deceiver Thor F Hammer Odin FAA and Freya fateweaver this is

a special event called the Asgard divide it's running from August 21st to November 22nd giving you the chance to collect these powerful Champions and bring them in into raid's world of Taria you can get the legendary Loki the deceiver for free by logging into raid for 7 days between now and October 23rd keep logging in for another 7 days to unlock even more rewards the other Norse theme Champions can be earned through in-game activities and don't miss the event dungeon a Tim limited dungeon where you'll face off against Odin FAA my favorite Champion to fight

in this battle is Thor Fay Hammer just watch the tremendous damage you can cause with the hammer of Heaven download raid by using the link in the description or by scanning the what if QR code and get an exclusive starter pack with an epic champion toore from the orc faction keep playing reach level 15 and you'll get another starter pack that includes epic night errand you won't get these bonuses anywhere else come find me under the name what if guy join my clan the wha if Warriors and we'll see you in battle remember to click

the link in the description or scan the QR code to get exclusive bonuses and dominate the Norse gods with rage Shadow Legends join the Asgard divide today as far as we know no government on this planet has any sort of alien greeting party planned if aliens suddenly showed up on the horizon just try to keep cool say the aliens happen to be very polite and sent us a signal before invading our planet's personal space well you wouldn't know it right away not until several observatories maintained by different organizations verified that signal yep that's it aliens

are here now you know you got this shocking news from your TV NASA officially confirms an alien ship detected in the solar system not alone in the [Music] University agencies and countries around the world would be working together together quickly trying to assess the level of threat they'd summon experts in linguistics psychology combat and biology and have them attempt to make first contact with the aliens groups of experts would record all interactions to analyze simple alien gestures and auditory reactions those would help to decide whether aliens came in peace or they intend to do some

serious damage some people might believe that religious leaders should do all the Talking something's telling me that aliens didn't learn our languages in school so good luck to anyone trying to reach out to them while the world's most intelligent people were busy trying to interpret the aliens intentions to the best of their ability you would be wait aren't you curious to know what the aliens look like some Evolution experts agree that things like proteins and DNA are the same no matter where in the universe you're from if that's true alien Evolution would be close to

that of humans they'd have binocular vision with eyes located close to the brain just like us they'd be based on land and have a minimum of two legs for mobility and three fingers so that they could handle tools still if some of our own life forms look like this try to picture something coming from another planet meanwhile on Earth while governments were busy figuring out the action plan the media would be keeping you informed has abute you'd be advised to stay indoors and wait for further instructions it'd be hard to filter out what's legitimate news

and what isn't but try not to fall for fake end of thee world news on Facebook and keep calm at least make an effort to give up the urge to pack up your belongings and head for the hills at the same time the governments and scientific experts would be sharing information about alien interactions from here the events could unfold in a few different ways first we may not get any auditory or visual response nothing at all this could mean anything from the alien spacecraft doesn't have any aliens on board to the aliens are waiting for

their alien backup to fry us up another possibility is that aliens responded and tried to communicate with no weapons involved I can't speak to their possible intentions for all we know they may want to get rid of us and keep the Earth to themselves thanks to the language barrier our interactions might not be going well tensions would begin to rise we'd be screwed considering that these beings had the technology to travel to earth it's likely that they also had the capability to to develop some very very Advanced Weaponry civilians would most likely be hitting the

Panic Button as hard as possible meanwhile governments would put their nuclear weapons on standby that would be our best and most destructive weapon against them or so we think it may turn out that the aliens have adverse reactions to things on earth that we're all accustomed to if say their skin melted upon contact with water then defending ourselves against them would be simple I'm not saying aliens would necessarily bring Doom upon the Earth they may not mean us any harm at all but if some hazardous microorganisms from outer space hitched a ride with them and

made it into our world we humans might have no natural immunity to those extraterrestrial microbes and they could slowly wipe our speed species off the planet on the other hand if aliens weren't coming here to make friends we'd be destroyed long before we got a chance to offer peace between intelligent beings in any case we aren't ready for a visit from interplanetary Travelers we'd better get prepared for First Contact what if the moon was more than just a lifeless Rock under that bright light it could be hiding an alien civilization when did this alien life

begin on the moon what would these lunar dwellers breathe and what would our neighbors look like this is what if and here's what would happen if aliens lived on the moon until Galileo showed up on the scene with his telescope all we knew about the moon was that it was bright and shiny while we certainly know more now it's Origins are still a mystery yeah we still don't know how the moon became well the moon some scientists think a chunk of the Earth broke off about 4 and a half half billion years ago after a

violent collision with another planet all the debris eventually came together to form this body and the moon landing in 1969 did more than Inspire Humanity to reach the Stars it made this rock something real to humans everywhere but we didn't stay for long so what if the astronauts missed something big up there the lunar surface is a rough place to live without an atmosphere there's no protection from the sun's radiation or even a way to keep oxygen on the ground but maybe it wasn't always like this after that piece of Earth broke off microscopic life

like cyanobacteria could have survived in this harsh environment we call this the panspermia theory the idea that life can can be transferred by meteoroids asteroids or even spaceships considering the moon orbits Us in the habitable zone there could have been a time billions of years ago when it had fresh water and volcanic activity could have released the gases needed to sustain life so why isn't their life there now well who's to say there isn't when these conditions existed the moon could have incubated life for hundreds of millions of years before humans existed while dinosaurs roamed

our planet the moon could have been teeming with life that would look Stranger than some of those behemoths the moon's magnetic field is a fraction as powerful as the Earth's so over millions of years solar winds Stripped Away all of its atmosphere with nothing to protect it life on the surface would would have to adapt to survive the sun's intense Rays on Earth melanin in our skin protects us from ultraviolet rays but instead of having a darker skin tone the moon aliens could have developed new colors carotenoids are organic pigments found in vegetables like carrots

and they contain cells that protect against skin cancer if the aliens evolved to have carotenoid instead of melanin they might have tough orange skin that would resist the dangerous UV rays around them and the differences don't end there since the moon's gravity is only one sixth of that on Earth these aliens could get around by jumping or gliding but without an atmosphere holding oxygen on the surface what would these creatures breathe well even with an atmosphere that's only 100th as thick as ours that doesn't mean that life can't exist recently scientists have found a parasite

that doesn't need oxygen to live maybe over millions of years these aliens could have evolved in the same way without breathing well anything now while this diversity of life might exist on the surface you couldn't say the same for the lunar oceans I mean if they existed while the average ocean on earth goes down 3.7 km the moon's Seas would only have a depth of 1 km there's not much that could be found in these Waters but if life did exist on the moon how would that have changed our history well if these aliens had

evolved before Humanity they might have visited us before we landed on the moon and if they had waited until after the Space Race the increasing tensions of the Cold War might never have happened instead humans could have United in fear over an invasion from a superior life form the militaries around the globe would have deployed countermeasures to assess the threats these visitors pose and as scientists and politicians tried to communicate with our Celestial neighbors everyone else would be hunkered down bracing for the worst you know sharing our corner of the solar system with a much

more advanced civilization might be overwhelming but it's either that or an allout war and considering how much more evolved these aliens are we might want to think of a peaceful solution but before we get to that do you want more wh if well then you should check out the what if Explorers Club over on patreon for just a couple bucks a month you can get access to exclusive videos adree episodes and behind the scenes content and more we also have a private Discord where you can pitch your what if ideas so if you want more

content like this and you want to give your support so we can keep making the best content possible then become an Explorer today is intelligent life out there in the universe well with Scientists discovering new exoplanets every year yeah the possibility only grows stronger will we discover alien life in the future or will they discover Us in this episode we take a look at the multiple possibilities that could happen if aliens are out there from what they might look like to the incredible technology they might control let's start with a scenario where aliens come to

invade our home day one the aliens have officially invaded Earth and they're not here to make friends many scientists theorize that if alien life showed up on Earth it' be because they want something from us space travel as we know it is incredibly expensive and timec consuming so if an alien race traveled to planet Earth they wouldn't be doing it to shake hands and have a chat over coffee they'd probably be here to mine precious resources that they don't have in their Galaxy or they might be coming to perform experiments on us and learn more

about the human race on a cultural level the discovery of alien life could change everything humans would question what they know about religion culture and philosophy the good news is that one of Humanity's biggest questions would finally be answered yes aliens are real but what happens when they invade us well we're not sure totally what their intentions are just yet this is only day one over the course of this video we'll keep checking in and seeing where this Alien Invasion could go but before we get to our full-on Alien Invasion what would these extraterrestrials look

like well there are a ton of different theories from simple microorganisms to intelligent life that could take over entire galaxies in this scenario we have a couple of options scientists have theorized we might possibly discover one day let's explore starting with the simple and getting increasingly weird this is subject 004 and it looks oddly familiar this is bacteria found on Earth wait what I thought we were talking about aliens well some scientists theorize that life found on Earth might be extraterrestrial Earth was hit with thousands of meteors met 4 billion years ago and attached to

these meteors may have been tiny bits of bacteria that were the building blocks for the life we have on Earth next is subject 021 this alien looks a lot like us for some reason boring yeah I know but some scientists think it could exist we're discovering more and more exoplanets similar to Earth every year and the only intelligent life that we're confident that exists in the universe is us so if you have a plan that's similar to Earth with similar conditions well it makes sense that life on that exoplanet could have evolved similar to humans

but aliens might not be organic at all what if aliens are artificial intelligence introducing subject 042 this is an extraterrestrial being that happens to be a highly intelligent robot hey what do Advanced societies space colonies and Interstellar travel all have in common other than them all being featured in Sci-Fi movies well they all take highly intelligent minds and a ton of hard work to pull off and what better way to accomplish this than to put a bunch of hardworking highly intelligent robots on it ones that never get tired and keep learning at an advanced rate

artificially intelligent aliens are a possibility for a few reasons first they wouldn't be limited to the pesky limitations that we organic life forms might have AI wouldn't have to worry about oxygen food sleeping or anything else that might get in the way of building a Galactic Empire they also wouldn't need to worry about building on a planet with an atmosphere they could bypass the need to breathe as well as any safety concerns they could expand to planets that we weakling humans might not even dream suitable for life if the AI doesn't need to worry about

things like their Planet being in the goldilock zone well theoretically they could populate any Celestial body they want but this also assumes that the AI would have the same epic desires as humans who knows how they would want to spend their time they may hibernate for billions of years and wait for certain stars to explode they might just want to keep to themselves and not make a mass of impact on the Galaxy or interact with other species okay the final alien we're theorizing about is subject 339 this one looks a little bit more unusual than

what we're used to because it's composed of silicone instead of carbon the checkboxes for life that silicone needs completely differs from what we're used to on a molecular level this type of life is much more unstable than carbon but it can also live at extremely low temperatures and high atmospheric pressures it could also look quite different from other life forms these aliens might appear to be rock-like or be crystallized in some form but regardless of what they look like they'd be bizarre okay now let's go back to Earth and check in on our Alien Invasion

day 30 the aliens have come equipped with several Advanced pieces of tech using Wormhole technology they've been able to move across the universe in seconds Earth is now full of floating Mega structures far beyond our current technological capabilities over the last 30 days the aliens have been slowly and methodically taking over parts of the world attacking our infrastructure govern governments and cities all in hopes of taking over our planet and Mining our resources our most powerful militaries have been working together to Counterattack the invading aliens using our most Advanced Technologies and hopes of fighting them

off up in the sky more alien mega structures appear massive structures are being assembled that can mine and terraform our planet with ease now before all this happened scientists had been working for decades in hopes of finding alien life let's take a look back to figure out how we got here there have been hundreds if not thousands of fake alien reports and sightings from people saying UFOs are in their backyard to fake alien corpses being presented as real one of the most notable events happened in late 2023 self-described UFO expert haime mosson showed what looked

to be two alien specimens to the Mexican Congress the corpses were shriveled up gray bodies with three fingers mosson claimed they were nonhuman but experts quickly debunked these claims mosson showed up with Spotty evidence and it was revealed that the specimens were human but may have been manipulated to look extraterrestrial another claim of alien life in 2023 was made by a former United States Military Intelligence officer he said that the US government was in possession of some sort of us o and a non-human pilot however NASA and government officials have since refuted the claims and

said there was no evidence to back it up now we can go back and forth on what's real and what's fake in these claims but it's safe to say that there's no real and significant evidence that intelligent life is out there at least not yet but scientists are working hard to find some one of the most likely methods of finding alien life is through the James we telescope since 2021 this super telescope has been trying to find exoplanets across our galaxy it has the ability to analyze the composition of the atmospheres on the exoplanets it

looks for things like oxygen carbon dioxide and methane and if it happens to find these that could be a good sign for potential alien life another option is a bit closer to home in our own solar system scientists have been looking at Mars as well as one of the moons of J Jupiter Europa in hopes of finding life this life would most likely appear in microbacterial form now if we want to find more intelligent alien life we could go the seti route the search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a group of over 100 scientists who've been

searching the universe for decades they're using AI to scan the cosmos in hopes of finding out what's out there since 1960 seti has been scanning the skies for radio signal that are different from the cosmic background noise if they find something that isn't naturally occurring well it could indicate that it might be from an advanced civilization but in our Invasion scenario we weren't the ones discovering the aliens uh these aliens discovered us day 100 in the past 100 days a full-on alien War has broken out militaries and even civilian Fighters are battling this alien species

but no matter what we do it's nearly impossible to stop them remember these extraterrestrials were able to travel from a different galaxy to reach Earth meaning they're highly intelligent and have some seriously Advanced Tech they can terraform or wipe out entire cities with the push of a button the one advantage humans might have in this case is our sheer number of troops that we could assemble since we're on our home turf we'd have all 8 billion people to help fight back back we'd assume that this alien species likely traveled incredibly far and with less than

8 billion people so we could beat them when it came to a sheer numbers game but again they have technology so Advanced that we might not be capable of fighting back at all our best bet might be to retreat go into hiding and avoid the aliens as much as we can okay we'll check back in on the alien invasion in a minute but as we've been going through this scenario I've been wondering why haven't we found any aliens yet with billions of stars and habitable planets it seems that the probability of us finding intelligent life

out there should be pretty high well this is where the fmy Paradox comes in developed by physicist enrio firery this Paradox is about the idea that there's a high probability of extraterrestrial life out there well then why haven't we found any the Milky Way alone has billions of stars similar to our sun Each of which could have many habitable planets there's also billions of galaxies out there that are much older than ours so if intelligent life or any life at all is common in outer space well there should be some that are more advanced than

ours in theory they'd be able to travel across the universe and visit us on Earth but we've yet to find any concrete proof of alien life existing so why well one of the leading explanations is called the Great filter Theory this idea proposes a stage in civilization's development that's incredibly difficult for life to overcome this stage could be several things from civilizations needing to overcome allout Wars to being able to reach great technological Heights now if the civilization does pass this filter then it could be an Interstellar civilization but the problem is we haven't seen

or don't know of any civilization that's managed to pass it yet leading us to think that there's something in the development of civilizations that prevents them from becoming an Interstellar species this could be war or famine or some sort of catastrophic destruction regardless of what it exactly is it seems civilizations may be unable to cross this threshold and now that brings us back to our Alien Invasion scenario day 300 what makes this alien species so terrifying is the fact that they've been able to cross the great filter it's possible these aliens would have come from

a highly Advanced civilization much older and much more experienced than ours they've been through all sorts of potential Extinction events but have somehow managed to survive and become more advanced and now they've been attacking and conquering Earth for nearly a year humans have done all they could but with a society this advanced would be nearly impossible to win this fight the aliens have been building more Mega structures and Mining more of our resources eventually they take all they need from our planet and move on potentially leaving Humanity to live in a Barren waste land but

an Alien Encounter doesn't always need to end with a full-on Invasion the aliens could potentially be similar to humans maybe they're simply looking to explore and find new life forms maybe we could be a society that they simply want to observe and watch and this is where the galactic Zoo Theory comes in this theory proposes that extraterrestrials are so Advanced that they want nothing to do with us at least directly they may see Earth in our solar system as a giant enclosed Zoo one that's full of different species for them to watch and observe think

of the way we humans might think about ants they're fun to watch and study in the colonies for short periods of time but we' never want to directly interact with them we look at them as beneath us in terms of intelligence and what they have to offer so that's how aliens might look at humanity and knowing what an alien invasion could look like well I think I'd prefer it if the aliens sat and watched as long as they remembered to like And subscribe something is emerging from the Mariana TR and it does not belong on

this planet if aliens lived in the deepest place in the ocean what would they look like how would they communicate with one another and what would happen if we dared to contact them this is what if and here's what would happen if there were aliens at the bottom of the Mariana Trench there's a reason why the idea of aliens living at the bottom of the sea keeps popping up in popular culture many of us are far more afraid of what lies down there than whatever is looking down at us from up in space after all

80% of the ocean is still unmapped and unexplored we have better maps of the Moon Mars and Venus than we do of our sea floor the most mysterious part of our oceans is the Mariana Trench its deepest point the Challenger Deep stretches 11 km down the Mariana Trench is anything but a great vacation spot no light is able to reach its bottom and temperatures are just a few degrees above freezing not to mention it's crushingly high water pressure so how could aliens survive the deepest spot in the ocean the water pressure at the bottom of

the Mariana Trench is over 1,000 times the atmospheric pressure that you're used to at sea level this kind of pressure would crush anything even the toughest deep sea robots we've ever built but some living things managed to adapt and Thrive under such pressing conditions like translucent snailfish and sea cucumbers the hidle snailfish known as the deepest living fish flourishes at depths of over 8 km unlike you deep sea fish don't have pockets to store air in their bodies that oxygen inside your lungs is what gives you the feeling of pressure whenever you take a dive

no air means this fish has a higher tolerance to the weight of all that water Above It Whatever aliens were lurking down below would share the same characteristic storing air just wouldn't be their thing but what would they do for food well it's likely they'd imitate their seafloor neighbors once again deep sea creatures gorge on the decaying remains of microbes algae or animals from above our our sunken ships might be their version of a surprise Buffet any extraterrestrial life down at the pit of the trench would probably eat similar food they'd burrow into the biggest

carcasses they could find and consume what's left from the inside out like a giant hagfish does or they might possess enormous mouths and expandable stomachs allowing them to catch and Digest large quantities of food as they move and those big mouths of theirs would also be filled with long fangs pointed inward this would enable them to catch and hold on to other deep sea creatures or you know any other prey that just so happens to dive a little too far from the surface hey don't judge them in a habitat as precarious as the Mariana Trench

aliens would need to capitalize on any and all sources of nutrition they'd also have to go the extra mile in order to let one another know that they're out there in the pitch dark that's because sunlight can only travel up to 1 kilometer into the ocean anywhere deeper than that and you wouldn't be able to see a thing so how would our underwater aliens put the notice out that they're around well two ideas by sound and by light they produce themselves like fireflies deep sea creatures are able to produce and emit their own light thanks

to a process called bioluminescence with it aliens would be able to connect with each other through specific lighting patterns for longdistance communication they could send out sound waves across enormous distances in the water like the humpback whale who's able to sing in the car Ian and be heard off the west coast of Ireland 6,400 km away now what would first contact with this underwater species look like for us well we'd have to get there first we'd need a vessel strong enough to withstand the constantly intensifying pressure the tiniest of cracks would squash you and your

submarine faster than you can say a human Jam once down there we'd have to take into account that living at the bottom of the sea would be like living on another planet if aliens existed in the otherworldly depths of the Mariana Trench this entire time they may not want to be friendly neighbors and the Darkness alone would make it difficult to locate and study our subjects before approaching these extraterrestrials we'd have to assess their communication style first slowly and patiently we'd need to understand how they interact with their environment too that is assuming they don't

feel threatened by our presence and decide to do something about it trust goes both ways when you're trying not to be crushed or eaten in the name of science thousands of light years from Earth there could be another planet hos hitable to life Kepler 69c and you're about to travel to this alien world to see that life with your own eyes what would it be like to make this Epic Journey so far across the universe what kind of planet would you be likely to find upon arrival and if you did discover Life what would it

look like this is what if and here's what would happen if there's life on Kepler 69c located 2,383 light years from Earth in the signis constellation is a potential super Earth at least that's what it's often referred to as Kepler 69c is an exoplanet about 1.7 times larger than our planet and it could also also be around 3 and 1 half times more massive but there's a catch we don't really know if this planet is located within the habitable zone of its star if it's too close Kepler 69c would be too hot for liquid water

to exist on its surface if it's too far from its Sun well then it would be nothing more than a frigid world what we do know is that Kepler 69 C orbits its star about 40% closer than Earth orbits the Sun and that could mean that it isn't actually a super Earth it could be a super Venus so if you traveled all the way here would you find life or a thick scorching atmosphere boiling every drop of water on the planet before you begin your journey to Kepler 69c there'd be one very important thing to

keep in mind it's far away almost 600 times further away than Proxima centuri our closest neighboring star even if you could travel say 1% of the speed of light you wouldn't get there anytime soon at this speed you could whip around Earth in just over 13 seconds but to get to Kepler 69 9 C well that would take you about 238,000 years to even make this trip possible you'd need a super Advanced hibernation pod you know you don't want to grow too old and die before you could even get to your destination am I right

well hibernation technology that could help you sleep for over 200,000 years doesn't exist yet but hey this is what if anything's possible by the time your ship makes its arrival any life that may exist on Kepler 69c today could evolve or Advance into something entirely different think about it this way 300,000 years ago humans were just beginning to create stone tools and Spears and look at you now making a trip across the Galaxy looking back at the planet you left behind who knows knows what changes would happen to our human civilization during your trip no

matter what it's way too late to turn around now based on the planet's distance from its star we know that Kepler 69c receives a similar amount of sunlight as Venus and despite being more massive than Earth it has a relatively low density all this means is that instead of metals this Rocky planet is made of silicate and carbonate minerals that could make things a little complicated you see with all these minerals in the crust Kepler 69c could have a really thick atmosphere and to make matters worse this atmosphere would be composed mostly of carbon dioxide

uhoh did you choose the wrong super earth to travel to yeah if Kepler 69c is anything like Venus it would be a pretty hot planet all because similar to Venus its clouds would trap the Heat and create an extreme greenhouse effect Kepler 69 C's atmosphere would be caught in an endless cycle of getting thicker and hotter but nobody said this world should be habitable for you oh no once you took off your helmet you'd instantly melt and suffer like I said life on this planet would be completely different from what you'd imagine as you made

your approach you'd find surface temperatures as high as 475° C and the atmospheric pressure would be over 90 times that of Earth at sea level it would be like being 900 M deep in the ocean except you'd be on dry land with condition like this you'd likely not find anything resembling an ocean here just like on Venus the high temperatures would boil away all the water whatever life you could potentially encounter on this planet it would need to be able to survive in these brutal conditions or it would have to exist somewhere else besides the

surface one place you could Discover Life on Kepler 69c would be up in the clouds around 50 k up temperatures would be much much cooler they would range from about 30 to 70° celus and with its low density this planet could have a surface gravity that would be just over 70% of what's found on Earth this weaker gravity could allow life forms to thrive in the sky where Kepler 69c is most hospitable life could just be floating freely in the atmosphere this would be another way in which this planet could have far more in common

with Venus than with Earth probes around Venus have picked up traces of a gas that could be a potential sign of life phosphine if you discovered phosphine in Kepler 69 C's atmosphere it could be the result of bacteria that don't require oxygen to survive but be ready to hold your nose this smelly gas has an odor similar to decaying fish on earth the bacteria that produce phosphine often live in swamps or Wetlands but on Venus or Kepler 69c this bacteria could exist in the thick oxygenless atmosphere itself so in the end you may have traveled

a very very long way to find the smallest and stinkiest of life forms now on the upside you've just discovered extraterrestrial life do you ever feel like you're being watched not by a creepy stalker but by aliens well it might be happening just like we watch animals at the zoo aliens may be out there watching us like we're the zoo animals but why exactly would they be doing this in the first place could they be afraid of us this is what if and here's what would happen if we lived in a galactic Zoo imagine being

trapped in a zoo well if we really do live in a galactic Zoo then you'd already be in one aliens could be out there watching your every move they may want to study the human race or learn from our technology or maybe they're planning to attack us but what if instead of attacking us the aliens are afraid of us attacking them wait what if you've watched any sort of sci-fi movie you may think of aliens as the bad guys the ones who attack our planet and steal all our resources hey shoot get out of there

get away get go but never mind humans being afraid of aliens they may be afraid of us think about it it's entirely possible that aliens have been watching Earth since the birth of humanity if aliens have been hanging around since the beginning think of all the horrible destruction they've seen humans cause deforestation pollution and let's not forget about war lots of War humans are constantly trying to kill each other it's estimated that almost 1 billion people have died from war throughout history so from the aliens perspective humans might seem like an incredibly violent scary species

they may not want to make contact because they're afraid of how we might react which could very well be with violence and while aliens might be watching us we aren't confined to a zoo we have left the Earth and gone to the moon but are we sure that intelligent life is even out there well the odds are pretty good the existence of alien life could be explained by the fairy Paradox we have our son but in the universe there are billions of other Suns and they're billions of years older than our solar system orbiting these

other Suns could be earthlike planets and on earthlike planets there 's a good chance of there being highly intelligent life with so many worlds out there there's an even better chance that at least one of them has developed Interstellar travel the fairy Paradox suggests that with Interstellar travel it would take a few million years to travel through the entire Milky Way galaxy you may think that sounds like an incredibly long time but if there's a civilization that is billions of years older than us it would just be a tiny fraction of their history so if

all this is true which is very likely the aliens may have already found us and apart from us being a pretty violent species we may not be interesting enough for them to make contact with us we may just be another life form out of the thousands or millions that the aliens have seen after all if you see an ant colony on the ground do you try to make contact with it you most likely go along with your day to other life forms out there we may just be a simple group of ants ants they don't

want to hurt or bother just observe another thing we have to keep in mind is how we communicate with the aliens ants in our world might be trying to communicate with us but unless they send the right signals we'll never know the same goes for the aliens and us we may not be communicating with the aliens the right way they may not even know that we want to make contact with them so they just leave us alone attention human you are receiving an Interstellar radio transmission and it could be coming from one of the nearest

exoplanets Proxima centor B what conditions make this planet a candidate for alien life what types of civilizations could have flourished there and should we expect them to be knocking on Earth's door any day now this is what if and here's what would happen if there were an alien civilization on Proxima B at a distance of 4.2 light years away Proxima centu is one of the closest stars to our sun in 2016 a planet was discovered orbiting in Proxima Cent's goldilock Zone that's where conditions for liquid water could exist exist meet Proxima b a planet that

registers at 0.87 on the earth similarity Index this scale measures how similar a planet or moon is to Earth and anything above 0.8 is considered earthlike as another example Mars has an ESI of 0.64 in 2020 astronomers recorded a mysterious radio signal coming from the direction of Proxima centor could it be that an alien civilization was attempting to contact us though Proxima B is similar to Earth life forms on this Alien Planet would likely develop very differently for starters the planet is about 20 times closer to its star than Earth is to the sun and

it only needs 11.2 days for one full Revolution that's a lot of New Year's celebrations but still Proxima B receives about the same amount of solar energy as Earth and that's because Proxima centor is an mtype Red Dwarf star compared to our gtype star these stars are generally cooler in a range of 2200 to 3200 de celsus but there would be some extreme conditions that an alien civilization would have to adapt to these extraterrestrials would need to be able to withstand radiation and lots of it the planet receives about 400 times more x-rays than Earth

and dwarf stars like Proxima centori give rise to coronal mass ejections that would blast the planet with lethal radiation without a protective atmosphere this would be deadly for any potential life forms another challenge for axima B civilization would be tidal locking that's when a planet takes the same amount of time to spin on its axis as it does to orbit its star imagine living where you permanently face the scorching sun while the other side of the earth is in a constant state of Frozen Darkness this is what life would be like on this exoplanet civilizations

on Proxima B would likely develop in the so-called Terminator zones these are the strips of Twilight between the day side and the night side here winds would carry warm air and create life supporting conditions and Aliens would build thermal reactors with the mix of cool and hot water to have that H2O always available but if civilizations appeared on either of the sides of the Terminator Zone they'd need to develop different survival tactics but collaboration and unity could allow them to supply each other with heat or ice effectively and if a civilization developed on the light

side would they even know that there were other stars or objects in the universe would they even think about other life out in space that brings us back to the radio signal the Breakthrough listen project recorded in 2020 this signal occupied a very narrow band of the radio spectrum at 982 MHz this is startling because it's a portion of the spectrum rarely used by human-made transmitters researchers haven't ruled out the possibility that these signals originated on Earth but there are many unanswered questions one thing they're sure of it didn't come from a natural world only

manufacturers or alien-made technology seems to produce signals like that so if an advanced civilization was trying to communicate with us from Proxima B what would their society be like they could be a type one civilization like us and use the energy available from their Planet like oil wind or geothermal power or they could be a type 2 civilization using energy on the scale of their planetary system that would mean they were thousands of years more advanced than us would they have developed complex languages and live in cities would they have Democratic forms of governance or

would they live under the rule of a dictator you must have so many questions for our alien neighbors and they would have so many questions for you or maybe they already know everything unfortunately we likely won't be able to visit them anytime soon using current Technologies it would still take between 19,000 and 81,000 years to reach them of course maybe they could travel faster than the speed of light and get here first and who knows what would happen when they finally get here [Music] 120 light years away from us there's an exoplanet that can potentially

host life it's called k218b and it's a world you'd want to visit k218b isn't exactly like Earth it's more like a super Earth yeah it's 2.6 times larger and almost nine times more massive than our planet scientists think it could be a hen exoplanet which is just a fancy way of saying that it likely has a hydrogen-rich atmosphere and is covered in liquid ocean that means that k218b could be home to alien life only it would take a really long time to get there if you were hurdling toward this space Rock from Earth you'd reach

your destination in about 1.3 million years yeah you heard right million k218b has a lot of methane and carbon dioxide in its atmosphere that's not exactly breathable air so you'd still need a space suit to walk on this world and I wouldn't be too hyped up about its ocean either if an exoplanet has liquid on it it doesn't mean that the liquid is water it could be methane or ammonia even acid like even in our own solar system There's a Moon covered in liquid Lakes but these are methane and ethane lakes and I wouldn't recommend

swimming there k218b could have a pretty mild temperature for an exoplanet that is at -100° C you'd find this world incredibly cold now the most exciting thing we found out about this world is that it could have traces of dimethyl sulfide woot woot well on Earth this molecule can only be produced by living things and that means k218b could be home to alien life now it doesn't mean that this life would be intelligent it could be aquatic or microbial maybe even complex life if the conditions for it are just right we won't know for sure

unless we travel to explore this Interstellar world now how do we know all this well we had the James web Space Telescope look at this distant world and take detailed measurements of its atmosphere most of the exoplanets have been discovered using What's called the transit method it's when a planet passes in front of its star and blocks its Starlight that's when scientists study the wavelengths around the planets and some of those wavelengths can tell us what kind of atmosphere those distant planets have the problem is exoplanets are really far away trying to figure out what

their surfaces are like just by peering through even our most powerful telescopes is not easy some scientists will argue that k218b isn't a super Earth at all but a mini Neptune and that's a bummer because as you know Neptune is an ice Giant and if k218b is also an ice giant then the chances for alien life on this planet don't look so good now you don't have a million years to travel to this world to discover it for yourself so maybe we should look at a world that's a lot closer to earth like Proxima centor

P Proxima centor is the closest star we've discovered only 4.2 light years away from Earth it's part of the alpha centory star system with not two but three stars orbiting each other the exoplanet Proxima centor B orbits only one of these stars but you'll still see the other two stars as bright dots in the sky this exoplanet is slightly larger than Earth and revolves uncomfortably close to its host star luckily that star is a red dwarf and that's much cooler and smaller than our sun which is good news because that means this planet isn't getting

toasted like Mercury scientists estimate Proxima centor B has an average temperature of aboutus 39° C that's pretty comfortable as far as alien worlds go the bad news is that we still don't know much about the exoplanet's gravity or atmosphere it might be our best candidate it to set up an Interstellar base but it also could have a harsh environment unsuitable for Humanity's future home it might even have an ocean of acid or something deadly like that the only way to find out is to travel there and if Proxima centory B doesn't work out well don't

worry there are plenty of potentially habitable worlds out there like this one Ross 128b is 11 light years from Earth it's the second closest potentially habitable World scientists have discovered and it's more promising than proximus and Tor B the thing is they both orbit red dwarf stars only Proxima be's host star is a lot more active and violent it occasionally erupts and bathes Proxima B in radiation Ross 128 be's star is nice and quiet and even though this world orbits 20 times closer to its star than Earth is to the sun it still lies in

the habitable zone because like I said red dwarfs are way cooler than the Sun and by Cooler I just mean temperature this world could have a baly average temperature of 23° cus that's only slightly hotter than the average temperature here on Earth I don't know about you but but I could settle there now we don't know enough about this world to call it our new home it likely has lots of harmful radiation reaching its surface and its atmosphere might not be breathable but hey that's not much worse than Mars with efficient life support systems in

place we could make it work besides this super Earth might have its own life on it if Ross 128b did have alien life it could be extremely different from what you might imagine just think about making the first contact with an alien species what would that be like I mean it could go very wrong too for one we might not survive the trip to any exoplanets even the nearest ones so far we've discovered and confirmed over 5,000 alien worlds 63 of them are potten po Al habitable but we just can't know for [Music] sure Europa

the icy moon of Jupiter a frigid world that would turn you into an astronaut popsicle and an atmosphere that would take your Breath Away literally because europa's atmosphere is so thin it's almost non-existent and while it's mostly made up of oxygen this oxygen isn't breathable for you you just wouldn't be able to inhale it in this extremely low press environment and this Frozen world has a dark secret deep under its thick crust of ice it might just hide life that's why we're sending a member of our team on a mission to explore Europa and find

out if anything can survive in this unforgiving environment Chase we need you on this one-way trip to Jupiter's neighborhood Mission Control this is Chase orbiting Europa and ready for landing did you know it would actually take you like 6 years to get here from Earth but luckily I'm already here and I love finding new alien buddies when they're not trying to kill me all right Chase initiate the landing sequence already on it Rico start the landing sequence I totally forgot Landing sequence initiated 500 M and [Music] descending 400 m 100 touchdown oh that's bright it's

bright oh oh my eyeballs that's strange Europa is five times farther from the Sun than Earth and gets much less sunlight than we do it must be so bright because of europa's icy surface all that ice is highly reflective that plus an almost absent atmosphere could make the light feel very harsh so just use the protective tint advisor and your eyes will be fine Chase what's your stat yeah I'd say Europa is pretty similar to Earth if Earth had no atmosphere was covered in ice and had absolutely no interesting oceans to see so in short

it sucks what if guy I'm freezing out here yeah you'd need an advanced thermal insulation layer in your suit to keep you warm the surface temperature on Europa is about minus 145° C and it can get as cold as - 220° c it's also bathed in radiation that's because Europa orbits so close to Jupiter and Jupiter has a massive magnetic field that traps a lot of high energy particles inside it your space suit would need to be able to withstand that too great Europa is one of the four largest moons of Jupiter it's still slightly

smaller than our moon but it's a lot more exciting mainly because it has the potential to post life looks pretty lifeless if you ask me well it is on the surface look life needs three ingredients to exist on any world the first one is liquid water well Europa has plenty of that NASA's Galileo spacecraft which spent 8 years orbiting Jupiter gathered some data on Europa too and that data LED scientists to believe that this moon has twice as much water as all of Earth's oceans well I regret to report that your scientist data is wrong

I don't see no water only ice this mission is a waste of my precious time no no no it isn't you don't see them because these enormous oceans aren't on the surface they're deep below europa's thick icy crust that brings us to another ingredient for Life Energy on Earth life mostly gets energy from the Sun but that's not the case on Europa first of all because Europa is so far away from the Sun and secondly because if there is life on Europa it's likely we'd find it under the ice where there's no sunlight at all

Europa gets its energy from the effects of tidal Heating and it has Jupiter to thank for that yeah the enormous gravity of the Solar System's biggest planet is constantly pulling on Europa bulging and cracking its ice this causes fr friction and the friction Heats this moon from the inside that's why europa's subsurface ocean doesn't freeze over like the rest of this frigid World Europa might also have hydrothermal vents on its ocean floor just like Earth does these vents spew out heat energy and chemicals potentially creating a habitable environment around them the last ingredient for life

is chemical elements most living things are made up of stuff like carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen phosphorus and sulfur and based on the data we collected about Europa this Moon's got all that but of course no one has ever been on Europa to confirm this until now uh uh and and what's that yeah those are europa's famous cryo volcanos these volcanoes don't erupt with lava but with water and ice ice volcanoes that's sick oh my God okay okay so how do you suggest I find life here this ice looks thick yeah you'd have to drill through

it and you'd need special equipment like a high performance drill designed for extreme cold electrically powered by a portable nuclear generator lightweight with a heating mechanism and a sample retrieval system right great so just like the everyday stuff that you would just happen to carry around with you on your spaceship no I'm serious I happen to have that on my spaceship I have the best drill in the universe I'm so excited to meet Who's down here hold on the chances of seeing any kind of life with your own eyes are slim because that life if

it exists is likely microscopic but if you get a sample of that salty water well you can examine it and maybe find traces of microorganisms that's not how I picture this Mission but well since we're here let's do this while you can't improve the odds of seeing aliens on Europa you can increase the opportunity of seeing more of Chase's Epic Adventures on what if we've already traveled with him to Titan Venus even Uranus and there's so much more we want to show you that's why we launched our whatif Explorers Club on patreon that's where we

give you the top secret behind the scenes extended director's Cuts mind-blowing art Epic merch discounts and Our Endless Love and gratitude support us on patreon to get exclusive content and help us send Chas to his death over and over and over again [Music] hey I don't feel so good I think it might puke your body temperature is rising you're experiencing the symptoms of radiation poisoning I did warn you that radiation levels on Europa are are high even in your space suit you'd still feel headaches nausea dizziness all the fun that comes from radiation sickness and

all that after spending only a few hours on this Moon if you don't return to your shielded spacecraft immediately this exposure will kill you huh oh no no I'm I fine now I'm good Rico I just need to lie down for 5 minutes just that's a bad idea you need to return the samples to the spaceship right the samples I have to get the samples [Music] the no this is still so sick though the impact force from the cryo volcano has damaged your space suit you're losing oxygen I should have subscribed to the top tier

of what if patreon in the extreme conditions of Europa without the full protection of a suit you'd only have a few minutes to get to Safety in just one minute severe frostbite would damage your Exposed Skin after 2 minutes you'd start shivering Q hypothermia another 10 minutes later and you'd lose Consciousness and freeze to death oh wait scratch all that looks like Chase's suit lost all the oxygen and he just suffocated now we'll never know if those samples had any life in them is alien life really out there Humanity has wondered about it for decades

and according to scientists it might finally be a reality a astronomers have discovered there could be life on Venus does this mean we finally meet Aliens could this help us discover other aliens and what does this discovery mean for us this is what if and here's what would happen if there's life on Venus Venus might not be as alien as you think the planet is roughly the same size as earth and its gravity is 91% of our planets we always talk about Mars being a potential home for humans but we shouldn't count out Venus either

and if there is life on the planet could this speed up our process of making it our new home first let's look into why exactly scientists think there might be life on Venus it all all has to do with phosphine this is a colorless flammable and explosive gas that's also pretty stinky it smells like a mix of garlic and decaying [Music] fish this gas can be found on Earth and it's dangerous to everything that uses oxygen to survive it was used as a chemical weapon during World War I and is a byproduct of cooking methampetamine

yeah this gas is not very pleasant and it can be extremely deadly but now astronomers have found that phosphine might be in Venus's atmosphere at first glance this might seem like a terrible thing because this gas kills anything that breathes oxygen but that doesn't mean that life can't exist just because something doesn't require oxygen doesn't mean it's completely life inside Venus's clouds of phosphine there could be anob bacteria these are organisms that don't require oxygen to survive they could be living on Venus producing this phosphine gas keep in mind that all of this is not

fully verified yet but astronomers have been keeping an eye on Venus for nearly all of 2020 and this is what they think they've discovered so if this type of alien life really did exist on Venus what would it mean for us humans well when you first hear about alien life you probably think about martians with big heads and us being able to shake their hands but that wouldn't be possible with these life forms on Venus as it stands right now we wouldn't be able to see any of the life on Venus with our naked eye

it's all bacteria and microbes and with all that potential phosphine on the planet it makes visiting Venus more dangerous for humans than ever so will we be meeting this life form anytime soon probably not is this discovery still incredibly exciting absolutely yay and sure it's discouraging that we haven't found martians yet but try not to be too disappointed when discovering potential alien life we should remember to expand our ideas about what exactly these alien life forms could be they don't necessarily have to be something with two or four legs that humans are able to interact

with the possibilities for potential alien life are endless things we can't even imagine yet and who knows what this current life form could turn into it may start small but in millions of years we might see Venus Bloom into a planet full of organic life and life on Venus might not be limited to organisms living in phosphine gas either experts think that due to all the extreme climates on the planet life could form almost anywhere and that goes for the rest of the solar system too with Scientists discovering potential life on Venus who knows what

else is out there researchers will just have to keep searching to find out speaking of researchers one of the lead scientists who made this exciting Venus Discovery is on this week's what if discussed we sit down with Dr Sarah Seager to talk about how she found this potential life on Venus and what exactly it means for other life in the solar system check it out [Music]