Unknown

[Music] view the comments at the same time i'll just be looking on the chat panel on here so you'll get a look at the back end as we go [Music] what you're listening to is this uh three hours of background using for studying that i found from this uh channel here it's pretty good i'm not big on music when i'm studying but um it's been pretty relaxing while i've been waiting for the stream to set up however i may reduce this down or even turn it off completely when i'm getting into it because i think

overall it is a little bit distracting so we're going to be studying ib psych today and um i've got some notes that have been sent to me by a student and i haven't really looked at this properly i've literally just flicked through copied it onto a word document and i've got a couple of these um i've got a practice essay that they have sent me and i've um just erased their name so you can't see their name so they sent me this practice essay so that i could get a feel for how the information needs

to be used and then they sent me the guide uh this is just you can just download this online so i have an idea about it and um i'm guessing that the notes that i'm mainly using uh are from this which is their i suppose summarized notes of it and they were having difficulty applying our techniques you know relational learning and chunking a lot of that sort of stuff to psychology so i will see how we go i'm going to do this a little bit differently from the last live study with me and that i'm

going to narrate a little bit more and walk through the process of how i'm thinking about it i'm also going to just do a single screen so you can see exactly what am i looking at at any given time rather than trying to track like five different screens simultaneously because that gets a little bit confusing i'm on my laptop so i'll be using leonardo instead for drawing instead of what i was using before which i think was streaming off of explain everything so this is a windows app called leonardo i think it does cost money

uh but i bought it a very long time ago it's a one-off payment and i can't remember how much it costs but either way it's it's pretty worth it cool all right so um we will i guess i and i'm every now and again i'm just going to be looking at this just to read the comments because there's no other way for me to um there's no other way for me to read the comments uh with a single monitor question from lewis here am i going to apply the multi-pass system uh i will not really

because i'm only gonna be studying for two hours right now um i'm not really going to be sticking with like a specific system or technique as such i'm just gonna be going through and studying it and you can see how i interpret the information this study with me session is a little bit more of an insight into how i think and how i think about subjects like psychology to help guide you to use the different techniques because obviously techniques are laid on top of a background of some type of understanding so um you know if

if you know how to think about the information then you can do a lot with that information you can manipulate it in any number of ways that you need to but if you don't know how to think about the information then you're always stuck inside this box and you'll find it difficult to apply different techniques for so i'll be basically doing an equivalent of i suppose sort of like a hip shot type thing uh to this but the first stage is just getting my head around the topic and what i'm actually even meant to be

studying like i said i i literally haven't even read this before so i'm completely in the dark i i i don't even know what the topic actually is i'm guessing this is a topic about hormones and pheromones uh but you know well i guess we'll figure it out together so let's get started first thing i'm going to do is just have a look at the guide here um i just looked for the word pheromone here to see what it says biological approach to understanding behavior by the way guys tell me if the music's too loud

or or what [Music] um cool yeah let me know if it's uh music's too loud or something i'll be checking the comments every now and again okay so hormones and pheromones uh the where's the guide oh yeah here we go so hormones and pheromones and their effects on human behavior i'm seeing relationship between the brain and behavior so what's going on in my mind right now is i am just trying to i'm just trying to get a basic understanding i'm just trying to build that basic logic and um in fact let me just break this

down step by step so it's just really clear what's happening in my mind like this is pretty much what i'm currently visualizing as i go through and read [Music] this uh we've basically we've got brain got behavior [Music] and biological basis for that um content techniques used to study the brain in relation to behavior okay so we've got the idea of examining this relationship and localization of function uh study one example of localization of function localization of function is a theory that certain parts of the brain correspond to certain functions okay yeah so uh we're

really looking at where in the brain specifically so this is kind of what i'm visualizing i'm taking information and simplifying and i'm just trying to see what is happening and i'm not even entirely sure if this is the right topic that i'm reading at the moment actually uh hormones and pheromones and their effects on behavior hormone and their effects on behavior study one hormone and its effect on behavior say one pheromone and it's a fix on behavior so brain here we can sort of say that brain is uh you know hormones and pheromones and then

these combined lead to [Music] behavior okay little mind map tip is that when you've got two things that come together like in this situation here uh rather than doing two arrows like that which you can clutter the page and i generally find that it's better to do like this curly bracket just like a little tiny little mind map that i've picked up genetics and behavior yeah okay so i'm not really sure if this is the right topic but it seems generally about right yeah let me let me turn it down a little bit for you

guys so let me turn down how's that too quiet should be all right right all right co so um [Music] yeah so these are the notes uh for that so you know you can see that even though i haven't really studied it i i'm not sure i'm gonna need this guide anymore but i'll just leave it open for now uh even though i haven't really studied the topic there's already some kind of skeleton of what's this topic might be about and even something as simple as this gives me a little bit of direction because i'm

genuinely going completely in the dark right now uh before i look at this i'm actually going to look at the practice essay that the student has sent me um just so that i know like what this information is meant to be you know uh used for if you're already a student you know you you're probably not gonna really even need this step because you will already implicitly know uh this whereas i'm you know am running off nothing i have absolutely no idea how this information is meant to be used or what my objective is from

learning this other than just try to learn everything which i'll probably end up doing anyway but you know so let's have a look at this uh discuss the use of one or more research methods and the biological approach okay that's the question that's being asked so research method so in my mind i'm kind of linking that back to this thing here it's like okay research methods is the way that we are observing the techniques used to observe the effects of pheromones and hormones on how the brain influences behavior okay that's so i'm kind of anchoring

that in my mind and doing a little bit of like mini consolidation even off something as simple as just this so it's a constant process one method using the biological approach are experiments uh as seen in reign at owls uh something abnormalities and impulsive murderers brain abnormalities in the post-murderers and newcomer at all's experiment on cortisol and memory they use a natural lab experiment okay so it's just saying uh just basically talking about it and giving an example right uh natural experiment is a type and just saying what is a natural experiment um and then

i'm presuming just giving an example at the end of that um [Music] yeah it's just like explaining it and then giving an example and explaining and giving an example it seems relatively straightforward i mean if if that's if that's not really it how it is uh then let me know but it just seems like explaining it and then giving examples using the studies that are have been you know supplied to me here which is presumably the ones that you use and i also read this thing here that's a team b thing which is the way

to evaluate studies in ib psychology which is and that's fine um i don't really know what triangulation means but i guess i'll figure it out ethics uh that's fine alternative theories method bias yeah cool great that sounds fine seems pretty straightforward so far uh let me know if i'm missing something but otherwise i'll just um get into it i'll just get into it just check the comments really quickly see if i'm missing something [Music] yeah all right cool so as usual i'm just going to scan through just to try to pick out the main concepts

it's harder to do it on this because it's a word document rather than like an actual more formal thing that has like headings that you know bold words that just immediately stick out but you know whatever we'll do it the old-fashioned way through just skimming through the material so we've got endocrine system okay so what i'm going to be doing is i'm going to be picking out the keywords i'm just going to store them mentally i'm going to create some kind of mental image about what's going on with those keywords and the relationship between them

as i go through certain keywords i may just end up googling what the what those words mean and i'll just do that like on the fly and i'll just store it mentally until i feel like i need to put it on the mind map so for now i'll just read pick out keywords things that seem important i'm always asking you know it's very simple all i'm asking is why is it important creating those relationships looking for chunking opportunities chunking it as much as possible and just always going back to the why is it important that's

the main thing especially when we get to the studies i pre i can predict that that is going to open a lot of doors for people in terms of seeing how something that they thought was quite memorization heavy can actually be quite natural and intuitive when you really try to genuinely answer that question of importance or i may be proven wrong but i'm pretty sure that that's what's going to end up happening so let's go through keywords uh you can see that i'm not very rushed at the moment i'm taking my time it doesn't look

like that much information to study so you know i'll just get going all right endocrine system [Music] let's make a bit bigger for you guys just gonna um open up a little notepad as well just to jot down the keywords so that i know i'm not missing anything so we just got endocrine system [Music] hormones pheromones neurotransmitters the relationships between that and behavior bidirectional different organs involved in the endocrine system [Music] testosterone so we're going to hormones now function of testosterone studies to support it basically just the same guy just doing the same a study

uh over the period of like less than 10 years [Music] so when i'm looking at these studies i'm looking at this right now and normally you just say dabs at our 1995 measured testosterone the saliva of 692 adult male prisoners found higher levels in rapists and violent offenders than burglars and themes and then you might just try to memorize that but i'm not doing that here's what i'm doing right first thing i'm noticing dabzidel this is the same guy but this 1988 one this is the earliest one that was done right 1988. so this is

the one that he started off first so dabs without he looked at female prisoners and found that testosterone was highest in the cases of unfair violence but lost where violence was defensive eg in domestic abuse cases so he found this correlation between testosterone and violent tendencies and then potentially another correlation between testosterone and um uh like maybe becoming a victim so in my mind i'm sort of seeing the why you know why was the study important well the study was important because it maps out testosterone as having these two kind of features of that of

kind of like a theme of dominance so high testosterone creates dominant dominance behavior whereas low testosterone creates submissive behavior so in my mind i'm kind of picturing the spectrum that was 1988 and that was 1988 so this is relatively early on and i'm now thinking okay so the next idea hit it was 1995. so there's a period there of seven years where he presumably didn't publish anything super meaningful on this and he started with female prisoners uh but the next one he does seven years later is an adult prisoner so if i was dabs i'd

be thinking okay i have this data from female prisoners what would i want to know about testosterone in males one thing that i might be curious about is whether you get that same effect in males where testosterone is already at a baseline level higher or where they're at really high levels it kind of just like evens out or whether it's a there's a societal influence to it right so i'm i'm trying to think like why is the conclusion from this study so important you know and why did it take him seven years to do this

study was there an ethical reason was there a funding problem you know what's the you know issue there so he then did in the with saliva and 692 adult male prisoners and now the first thing now that i'm thinking is how many female prisoners was his original study on was it like 10 because that's not even significant so i'm thinking why is the number 692 adult male prisoners important 692 is a pretty decent sized number so i'd say that a result coming from 692 nearly 700 people is likely to be pretty significant but it's not

enormous it's not like 10 000 people so how reliable is it i don't know 7 out of 10 6 out of 10 further studies necessary type of conclusion is going to come from that that's why i'm thinking so what did he uh look at there so he measured testosterone saliva of 6092 adult male prisoners why is he measuring it in the saliva uh you could measure in the blood but there's probably going to be more um time consuming there might be ethical issues with that uh it might be a safety issue with prisoners uh it

could be higher higher cost saliva is probably a faster cheaper ethically easier thing to do and presumably the accuracy of the test is still relatively high but that's something that in my mind i'd be thinking like how accurate is testosterone levels in saliva already i know that i'm thinking about this at a deeper level than probably any of you watching have actually thought about this so i've memorized already i don't even have to try to think about it in 1988 dabs it out did it did an uh experiment with female prisoners where he found that

higher levels of testosterone resulted in the higher rates of unprovoked violence and lower levels were found in those in the case of defensive violence such as domestic abuse victims and then seven years later in 1995 he did another subject in another um experiment for 692 male prisoners where he measured testosterone evil and saliva and he found in my mind i'm already thinking what was this finding could it be that they were the same findings or was it different and if you know either one why is it important so when we read it he found higher

levels and rapists and violent offenders than burglars and thieves so again we find the same consistent thing so he found it in females and then seven years later he did it in males and he found the same thing i don't know why it took him seven years to do that study but you know maybe we'll find out later if this study comes up again uh and in 1996 just one year later he did another study which looked at 12 fraternities and two universities so 12 fraternities and two universities not a huge sample size two universities

not that diverse presumably in the same country although i don't know but you know universities within the same country even potentially the same state there's the chance for that to be very homogenous group of people so how how much can we extrapolate from this result nah i don't really know but given that he's already had similar results in the past probably reasonable 12 fraternities again uh you know not a huge size right but so members of the fraternities with highest levels of testosterone were described as boisterous and macho those were the lowest were attentive and

helpful so now this is new information so why is this study important well not only does it kind of reiterate the same thing but it now gives new information which is that low levels of testosterone are not just submissive behavior low levels of testosterone uh create this attentive and helpful behavior which is uh actually positive so in this case it's not just that low levels of testosterone because before it's like okay high level testosterone can make you more violent do low levels of testosterone just make you meek and submissive but actually what we're finding is

that low levels of testosterone can also make you you know like good in certain ways so now i'm thinking how does that work and why is that important do we learn more about this later right so so i've effectively at this point i've pretty much just memorized all of this right like i know i know all of that and it's because i've just thought so deeply about it and you might be thinking oh man justin took me so long to cover that amount of material but look for me to use that in an essay is

like effortless for me now because i just know it inside and out so it's it's uh it's just easy for me to speak about this topic because i'll be able to relate it to the studies so easily i can even already start thinking about the potential issues with it like for example you know the sample size issue for example what was the reason for the seven year gap if there was a funding issue is there some kind of bias there or some kind of conflict of interest um you know the two universities does dabs at

all have some kind of relationship with those universities you know there's questions popping up in my mind already which i can use obviously as an essence for an essay when i learn more about them so it's just a little side note there let's just get back into it let's check the comments very quickly to see what you guys are saying let me know let me know in the comments guys what you know is it making sense kind of my thought process right now and what do you think about it like is it sort of deeper

and different to how you normally think about it or is it kind of the same thing am i missing the point about what's you know what the difficulty here is i'm just gonna keep going i'll check the comments back in a second okay so now we've got pheromones um it's fine defining what pheromones are how pheromones work okay and then we've got some different studies ah so that's that's basically it i mean this is this is pretty much it this is a pretty small topic it doesn't seem too difficult we've just got endocrine system and

then we've got um three components hormones pheromones and neurotransmitters and then we've got a separate thing which is organs and then under hormones we're really focusing it seems like mostly just on testosterone and then on the pheromones we just talk about pheromones just in general and then we've got presumably studies that are going to support all of those things so that's that's a pretty easy mind map to make right in fact i've kind of already mapped it out here the only thing that i need to add on differently is neurotransmitters and organs and then go

into testosterone more and just give a little bit more space in between so that i can elaborate on it so let's do this again i'm just going to delete all of this and do it again [Music] [Music] yes i'm not sure how big that neurotransmitters topic is gonna be but i'll assume that there's something to it and i'll just chuck it over here [Music] so um for the endocrine system based on the notes uh all i need to know is the components in the endocrine system and the basic kind of functioning uh and things it

seems relatively easy so i'm just gonna go and learn everything in the notes about endocrine system now and i might as well just get it out of the way with because i don't feel like it's gonna be particularly challenging so same process again though simplifying it asking why is it important just looking for those chunks let me just check the comments okay slow chemical communication system set of glands approximately nine glands target receptors target behavior so in my mind i'm going like glands receptors behaviors like in that order and it's slow neurotransmitters are faster than

hormones hormones are slow moving chemical messengers they travel through the bloodstream so this this sentence here basically says pretty much exactly the same thing as this paragraph here the only two pieces of information that i'm missing is the nine glands and the fact that target cells have specific receptors on them which is almost kind of like obvious because what's the alternative like the receptor is just kind of like just floating around like anchored onto like the ether and the universe or something you know it's like obviously gonna attach to something it's probably gonna be a

cell secreted in small amounts of slow slow-moving okay yep regulate cell reactions by affecting gene expression so often they are gene transcription factors okay relationship between hormones and behavior is bi-directional behavior can affect hormones and hormones affect or influence behavior for example if your stress cortisol is produced which and then you can slow the production of it hormones change the probability that particular behavior will be displayed hormones influence behavior they've not caused behavior okay great good so let's just i'm just mentally like mind mapping it and then i'll just put that out on paper or

on tablet which in my mind looks kind of like this [Music] [Music] six [Music] you [Music] [Music] so basically that's that and then just the fact that neurotransmitters are fast which is just like a literal single fact i don't even feel the need to actually write that down okay let's memorize these now so i could use modified method of loci i could draw a little diagram like this you know this is also fine uh let's look at alternative ways of doing it i've demonstrated modified method of loci before i've demonstrated it multiple times it's demonstrations

in the course you guys should also you know when you get to that level upper camps you'll know how to do this technique it's not super hard i don't want to demonstrate the same technique again and again let's let's use a different way of memorizing this so i'll try to use pure chunking for this one um okay so let's go hypothalamus pituitary and pineal gland so these are all in the brain these all in the brain okay so that's one way of chunking it anatomically looking at the in the brain so let's let's go with

that one okay three in the brain all right so we've got nine glands but we're saying we've got three in the brain one two three [Music] hypothalamus pituitary and pineal gland now a cheap way of doing it would be say oh two of them start with p but it's not very meaningful and you're gonna have to just memorize the fact two of them start with p so it doesn't really help very much let's look for a different way again important space to function base is going to be best hypothalamus a small structure that regulates many

body functions regulates a pituitary gland releases lots of hormones okay so i know that hypothalamus regulates pituitary gland patriarchal gland master gland releases growth hormones releases oxytocin okay so hypothalamus and pituitary are linked together hypothalamus regulates the pituitary which is the master gland what about the pineal gland pea-sized gland that produces melatonin reacts to light to regulate activity levels so this one almost seems a little bit random in itself and there are some really um memorable aspects to this so it's just calling out to me i can't avoid using some little aspect of modified method

of loci here so what i'll have is something that looks like this instead of doing the lines like this what i'm gonna do is have let's color my brain in so that it looks a little bit more legit and looks nicer on paper i'm gonna have hypothalamus here which is regulating pituitary which is this master gland including growth hormones and oxytocin and then i'm gonna have another one uh and this is where i just i can't avoid using such a golden opportunity for modified method of loci and you know come on you have to have

seen this coming okay so now i know that i've got i've got three here so i can label them one two and then three that will just help me to anchor them with the numbers a little bit more just just just see how um much clearer it is with the numbers by the way it's like a small little detail but it just makes it you know seem a little bit clearer let's move on down so there's two in the neck right parathyroid and thyroid okay parathyroid thyroid obviously parathyroid is next to the thyroid right it's

in the name thyroid gland releases thyroxine under active a sluggish metabolism overactive uh means difficult to gain weight because i mean presumably the opposite because your metabolism is too high parathyroid four p shaped organs again p shaped uh controls and balances calcium affects the sideability of the nervous system okay so in the neck we've got two uh one of them next to the other one and it affects calcium which affects the excitability of the nervous system and then thyroid which is thyroxine which is for your metabolism so i'm just trying to think like is there

a way that i can chunk those effectively now there's only two things to work with thyroid and parathyroid so in this situation let me look down to see is there anything else that affects either metabolism or calcium or nervous system excitability so pancreas releases insulin and glucagon regulating sugar levels so okay sugar levels metabolism that could be potentially related ovaries releasing estrogen which is linked to the mood you know maybe maybe not uh related to something else adrenal gland sits above the kidneys uh releases cortisol releases testosterone in females testes releases androgens testosterone okay reproductive

we can definitely chunk that there's no better way to chunk than combining the reproductive ones so can i do something with adrenal releases cortisol okay now what did it say about cortisol above here uh if you're stressed cortisol is produced okay well what is the function of cortisol so let's just google that really quickly so notice how i'm googling this to help me to chunk it right so what is the function [Music] do you see the chunk right there so we have thyroid and adrenal gland being involved in things that help with metabolism which is

in a way linked to the pancreas because of its sugar level so we can overall say something like energy as the biggest chunk on one hand metabolism the other hand sugar right and parathyroid which is for calcium which is almost a separate thing and then we've got a reproductive one so let's put that on the mind map why but i always like imagine sugar is like a red packet there must be like some brand out there [Music] i've got the advantage of like i'm a medical doctor right so like i already know this stuff um

so it's a little bit easier for me to progress the chunking is any anyone can do the chunking using the exact same process i just used it's a little bit easier for me to progress because i don't have to go and look up what is insulin what is glucagon okay that would slow you down a little bit more but if you needed to you would you would just look it up and then and then that would help you chunk even further i'm not gonna say four in fact i'm gonna say yeah and again one two

three on this as well so how do i pick what images i'm going to be using to demonstrate different things well it's actually very simple um i don't think too hard i just try to visualize the word and whatever like image kind of naturally feels like it would be associated with it that's the image that i use so when i think about metabolism i just think like burning calories or like something like that so i just picked an image of fire it's a little bit arbitrary but you know i don't really care it gets the

job done and notice also how i'm doing this whole mind map from memory right i'm i've learned it i processed it i figured it out i simplified it i visualized it and then all i'm doing is a little micro retrieval practice here okay just some maintenance rehearsal it doesn't really help with encoding as much at least not to a significant amount but it makes it easier for me to keep this knowledge in my head so that when i'm reading other things i'll be able to work with all of it more fluidly okay so metabolism uh

we had the thyroid okay so i know thyroid and parasite are related to each other if i put thyroid over here from my mat point of view that's a little bit awkward because that's gonna create a link with parathyroid that's probably gonna be around here somewhere that's a little you know awkward from the arrows point of view so i'm going to put a thyroid here because i know that i can then put a parathyroid you know next to it like this uh and then the other thing for metabolism uh was oh sorry thyroid and that's

thyroxine and that has an influence on so if it's too low or too high if it's too low you're fat and then you're skinny i could draw a fat person a skinny person if i could be bothered so i'm going to call this one as number three because number two is going to be the adrenal gland okay i know it sits directly above the kidneys okay that's why it's called the adrenal gland it's adrenal renal meaning kidneys and this produces cortisol right which is in response to stress and then i'm gonna because i've already got

you know two other chunks here i don't wanna go too much i could go um i could go uh you know reproductive and then parathyroid next to it but it almost doesn't really make sense because i could just have one that says other instead and with another it would i could have repro and then the other one that i would have next to that is parathyroid because if i think of thyroid i'm definitely going to remember parathyroid you know it's right um and so this is related with calcium uh which helps with nervous system excitability

now if that's hard for me to remember uh i could number one go and look more about how does calcium increase or modulate nervous tissue excitability and then i'd realize that it's because calcium is induced in the neurotransmitter released from the vesicles of synapses and that might make it easier for me to remember it by learning a little bit out of scope or i could just figure out some silly way of relating calcium to neurons like a really excited cow or something and i could draw a little excited cow in there different depending on how

much time you've got available and how you want to do it the first way the the best way to do it is always to figure out the real reason because that's useful knowledge that could potentially come up later anyway and i mean if you're going down the medical pathway you'll definitely need to know that at some point but the reason i'm doing it in terms of like other and then parathyroid and repro is because it allows me to continue this just uh trend of like three things each so this is another one and under repro

we've got testes and then ovaries which is number two and then number three uh if i wanted to i could be a little bit fancy here bring this out from repro bring this out so its testes are here so i can create a link between testes and adrenal for testosterone saying that this is for females by the way if you struggle to remember the male female signs this is meant to be uh i think it's like the mirror used by athena or something uh minerva minerva is aphrodite aphrodite's mirror uh and then the male one

is this and that's meant to represent the shield and spear of ares the god of war and you can use that and i've got some interesting drawings i've done in the past for like conditions and diseases that only affect males and females where i utilize the fact of like a mirror handheld mirror in the image to show and remember my remind myself that it's female specific or i'll use like a spear or a shield and that would be like really random but because i have built these associations it makes a lot more sense okay let's

zoom out a little bit see what i've got um typic classic mistake is working uh starting way too zoomed in so i'm gonna select everything and see if i can just resize this make everything smaller there we go great okay so this is what i've got so far okay uh and i've you know effectively memorized the nine different organs i know that there's three in the brain three uh related to your energy and there's three other ones two of those being reproductive right kind of makes sense in my mind so i finished the endocrine system

stuff um let's go through and i think i think you get the idea of how i would study the rest of this material by now hopefully so i want to skip to some of the more potentially interesting stuff for you which is how do i look at the studies themselves because i think that's something that um people find more difficulty with so i'm going to move on to that but let me just check the comments let me know if there's any issues or anything that you want me to clarify from what i've done so far

you know how do you guys feel about this so far any questions i'm going to go through the way that i'm going through the study so the rest of the um subjects like the function of testosterone you know the anatomical stuff i would i'll study that the same way that i've been studying all the other stuff you know all the other walkthroughs that i've done it's just information right information and concepts i do it the exact same way studies though studies which are examples how do i do this okay you've seen a glimpse of it

already and just to show how what i've studied before is still retained you know dabzit al 1988 followed by 1995 followed by 1996 the first one was female prisoners showing the effect of testosterone high versus low the second one was on male prisoners 692 saliva samples um showing much the same effect and the final one was the one that showed that uh the low ones were more attentive and helpful with 12 fraternities over two universities right so it's just you know it's like naturally there because i just thought about it so deeply okay this first

study here uh by dabs and morris 1990 so this is now uh so this is the study that he did in between so he did 1988 and then two years later he did this study in 1990 with this guy called mars and the aim of this one was to see if there's a relationship between testosterone and antisocial behavior um sex and aggression so this makes sense following on from his previous study that he did two years prior which was looking at female prisoners he's now wanting to further look at the relationship between testosterone and anti-social

behavior so the first one that he did the finding of that why was that study important that study was important because it was to our knowledge so far the first time that he saw the correlation between testosterone and violent tendencies the second study we need to dive in on that further let me just check the comments just make sure that we're all good um can we just write the key terms for the chunks am i following the layers of learning layers of learning is like an implicit part of how to think about information i'm at

a point where i'm not really even conscious about the layers of learning when i'm doing the technique but yes i generally am i'm in my mind creating the logic first and then i'm creating the concepts and building on top of it i want you to think about that re-watch this video when it's published and just really think about what am i doing like what information am i pointing out and how does that relate to the layers of learning i want you to think about that and watch and you will see because i'm narrating my whole

thought process you will see how it all comes together okay just need to be really attentive and pay attention uh can you write just keywords for the chunks um well i mean that's kind of what i've done right so i don't know what um i don't really know what you're asking because i think it's pretty clear that's kind of what i've done unless you're asking something totally different yeah connor what uh what scheduling app do i use you're right that is off topic all right so this is 1990 um just two years later methodology correlational

study okay so he's yeah so correlational study right so not causation correlation so just seeing is there a relationship is there some kind of um you know uh is there is there some kind of potential cause that can be later examined interview survey lab experience i don't know if this is saying that correlation studies are done through interview survey or lab experiments uh or if he's if it's saying that this particular study was done through interview survey and lab experiments um but why is this important okay the interview will give you qualitative data as well

as will the survey but the survey gives you semi-qualitative semi-quantitative data it's semi-objective so you can do like five-point scales right so that means that the data is a little bit slightly more objective which reduces the amount of confounding that you can get from people just like talking about stuff and it's just being like very very hard to um how to like get meaningful data from so surveys are going to give you a little bit better data that you can work with in lab experiments this stuff should be pretty objective we're probably looking at lab

markers and things so this is good because it's already telling me that the way that this particular study was done it's it's likely that the results from this if they're statistically significant are going to give us results that are really reliable because of the fact that the car you know the correlation is probably gonna be very strong especially if we see correlations between the interview survey and the lab experiments i would be interested to know were there differences between the results between those though for example you know you've got certain results for the interview but

then the lab experiment showed the opposite that would be really interesting because that that would mean that there's another factor that we haven't thought about outside of just pure testosterone sample size 4 462 us military veterans so straight away you know i'm i'm already applying the idea why is this important 4462 that's a large sample size again combined with this procedure if the procedure was done correctly and there's no other biases this should be a good reliable result u.s military veterans this is potentially a big bias given that military veterans are likely to be predisposed

to a certain type of personality or upbringing or background or demographic or you know there's going to be certain things that are similar between u.s military veterans compared to just a general population pool mean age 37 years this is again irrelevant because it's representative of just like your typical like middle aged person if it was too young versus too old you know there'd be question marks there representative of the u.s population race education income educate income and occupation so this is just a blanket statement it just says that it's representative um i don't know well

i don't have the raw data to view it but if i just take it at face value then i'd say okay fine we're just gonna assume that it was a representative sample having said that it's i already know it's not representative of the u.s population completely because of the fact that there are going to be some people that are less likely to join the u.s military than other people so that straight away means that you know there's there's a difference there unless they were conscripted unless they're conscripted forced conscription in which case that would um

truly be more representative and i don't know if it was um conscription all participants are in the u.s army and follow along tuning for 1985 half of the men served in vietnam okay again that's gonna change things interview by telephone and underwent extensive medical psychological examination as lovelace medical foundation uh they completed the minnesota multiphasic personality inventory so mmpi and were interviewed using a modify dis which provided information psychiatric diagnoses anti-social behavior okay good so now i'm knowing that they had a background check and then they completed two uh two different like survey things the

mmpi and the dis my question is how reliable are these two tests how reliable are these two interview survey frameworks i don't know if it's going to come up later but if it doesn't i'd want to know and just having a flex ram this is basically it so it doesn't really seem to talk about it at all uh so i would actually google it i'd look it up in fact let me just show you right now okay so it's like the multi uh multiple fit no multi-phasic personality uh minnesota multiphasic minnesota and like just even

this act of me directly trying to remember it and googling it like that tiny little piece of me trying to retrieve it makes me use the information and makes it less likely that i'm going to forget it right i'm applying it at least in a small way okay it's a standardized psychometric test of adult personality and psychopathology uh i want to know how reliable is it how reliable is it um validity scales there's something like criticism as well this is not really what i was looking for uh criticisms scores on various tests are not represented

either percentile rank or how well or poorly someone is on the test rather than us this looks at relative elevation of factors compared to various norm okay so that's just doesn't help us really um one of the biggest criticisms of tests is the difference between whites and non-whites non-whites tend to score five points higher on the test there is continuing controversy controversy i don't know why i pronounce it that way there's continuing controversy about the appropriateness of mpi when decisions involve people from non-white racial and ethnic backgrounds in general studies of such divergent populations as

prison inmates medical patients psychiatric patients and high school and college students have found that blacks usually score higher than whites there is near agreement that the notion of more psychopathology and racial ethnic minority groups than simplistic and untenable nevertheless three divergent explanations of racial difference in empire have been suggested okay so there are some problems when it comes to non-whites using this test that's a big problem because of the fact that the us population is heterogeneous in ethnicity therefore how reliable is this test we don't know and that could actually produce some quite inadvertently racially

disparaging results uh i am interested to know you know so this thing here the difference here this was noted in 1977 and the study before was done in 1990 so he already would have known the limitations of the minnesota multifaceted personality inventory for this population because there would have already been you know over a decade of research showing that there can be differences with different racial groups so in the original study i'll be looking to see does he actually address this in this discussion does he account for it somehow or does he just leave it

at that because that influences the reliability of these results i think you're getting the idea that i can probably by the time i finish going through this i can talk about this essay so i can talk about this study and use it an essay however the heck i want [Music] uh diagnostic interview schedule okay and i'll do the exact same thing just now for the diagnostic interview schedule then we're getting a lab exam with serum sample source from saliva so again saliva collection so same way that was used in the later study uh the one

that was done in 1995 among the male prisoners collected in the morning before eating and were used to measure the testosterone levels participants were classified as high if they were up a ten percent of distribution and normal if they're in the remainder of the distribution variables adjusted for each individual depending on their race testosterone level time in the military and location so as to level out all variables that might affect testosterone okay so here it's saying that variables are adjusted for depending on whether that might affect testosterone but it's not about whether it might affect

their survey or interview results so this is the good thing about this study where it's using the lab experiment as well as the interview and survey results because if you were to just use the interview in the survey you would actually run into all the problems that the minnesota multi-phase personnel personality inventory has if you weren't then um compensating for it for ethnicity like we've just realized there's a problem for so then we by doing the lab results we're able to get a more objective number and we can actually um we can level out all

the variables that might affect testosterone for example race time and military things like that okay uh findings individuals higher testosterone more often reported having trouble with parents teachers and classmates and being assertive towards other adults that make sense anti-social personality traits are also often report going awol having higher levels of drug and alcohol abuse and reporter having more sexual partners okay so it's it's the same kind of uh trend so here's a couple different ways that we can commit this to memory one again chunking so we're talking about dominating behavior right dominating behavior uh anti-social

behavior okay so we're seeing higher testosterone results in more anti-social behavior anti-social okay what type of social um leader figures parents so leaders like teachers parents like authority uh awol in the military right so we could almost say like authority figures such as to or organizations so authority figures such as teachers and parents or organizations such as the military um we could then say relationship with peers or opposite gender more sexual partners um drug and alcohol abuse alternatively we could just commit this to a flash card alternatively we could use modified method of loci if

i was studying this in real life i'll do a combination of all three i'll try my best to chunk it i'll try to express those chunks with a modified method of lokai and then put that on my flashcards hence testosterone can be linked into social behavior as higher levels of testosterone are correlated with more anti so this sentence is completely circular logic and this entire second half is not necessary the evaluation of it okay so triangulation research triangulation uh devs and morris worked in the team uh i'm not sure what triangulation means but i'm guessing

it's talking about how uh they were like they use multiple sources to like zero in on the true result so it looks like there's what three different ways of triangulation researcher methods and data which makes sense i guess it's like team how and what so they worked as a team uh i mean this is super weak honestly like i don't think i would really write this because it's just like they worked in it like what does that mean what does work in a team mean like how how did they collaborate how often did they collaborate

did they pair check each other's work these are the questions i'll be asking so i think this is a bit weak right the original study i'd want to know a little bit more about their individual roles and how they uh corroborated each other's results method triangulation multiple methods were used yep that's good we already knew that so it seems like we've already been doing some of these things while we were reading and we did that purely by asking the question of why is this important but we did it combing through word by word almost theta

triangulation looked at socioeconomic status as well as testosterone levels yeah we've already talked about that e uh what what did e stand for uh e is ethics that's right ethics confidentiality was upheld so like here's the thing like if it's not ethical it's not going to get published so the ethics must have been relatively okay reasonably at least right so confidentiality okay minimal deception was used i don't really know what deception was avoided because i don't have the original article but i'd be looking for that but this were given full disclosure psychiatrist was delivered by

trained professionals um i don't think this is an ethical issue psychiatric recreation driven delivered by trained professionals i think uh psychiatric assessment delivered appropriately is ethically um sound but being delivered by trained professionals that's probably something more about like method triangulation i would say potential harm in the way that we told the results personal information asked interviews is potentially harmful i don't know if that can also be extrapolated as well because they had a baseline on psychiatric examination which meant that their psychological state must have and it's just extensive right it must have been to

a certain level whether it would deem mentally sound enough like i don't think you'd go through and do this huge thing on like someone that had like crazy post-traumatic stress disorder and i don't know like that in the original study were you told how the results were given if the answer is yes then you thought that that result was not aligned with something that was appropriate then that's fine but if not then you can't really make that extrapolation because you're just making stuff up you're just assuming things so i don't know because i don't have

the original study with me but that's something that i'll be looking for uh a was alternative methods they looked at scs as well as testosterone levels however did not look at brain damage brain damage to prefrontal cortex promotes impulsive murder uh so this is linking to presumably another study that we'll cover later because i've seen that uh before not in this one but um presumably it was covered at some other point um so that's that's like that's a good point though that's a good point didn't look at brain damage [Music] uh m easy to replicate

produces quite empirical data easily generalized yeah so like we we've pretty much already talked about a lot of these it's just it's just looking at each thing and thinking like why did it happen and like this type of stuff like oh use this study for whatever is kind of not even necessary to mention because it's just so obvious at this stage uh how everything relates together so what was this four thousand four hundred and sixty two i think it was just short of four and a half k right yeah four thousand four hundred and sixty

two yeah okay so so so i feel i've got like pretty much just a total uh recall of that so i mean let's just do all of that in one go then and hopefully that will demonstrate the technique enough and i'm not gonna have to do it for the entire thing because it's just honestly a little bit boring to do that not boring for me because that is an interesting topic but boring for you to watch okay testosterone okay so there's a number of different studies that we were done but dabs uh from what we

know this guy was like man right so he started this his first sub uh in 1988 and he was looking at female prisoners and he found that testosterone levels uh depending on whether they were low this resulted in more submissive behavior whereas in here this was more aggressive okay so for example this was violence on this side versus uh victims right so that's what he found and then two years later he goes on to do in 1990 his uh study that was looking at military veterans so you can see the progression here right he does

a study with female prisoners i don't know how many what's a number here okay that's important information to know but presumably it's a smaller sample size presumably the results that he got from this allowed him to secure funding and approval to do this huge study on 4462 military veterans and uh looking at a range of different demographics where we found the conclusion of this from multiple different things interview survey and lab results uh interview being the interview and survey being the mmpi and dis and we know that there are issues with the mmpi and then

i can't remember if it actually if we really talked about the lab stuff uh in depth other than just saying that we did testosterone tests yeah not really yeah so lab just doing testosterone tests on saliva i presume i i i would um think of the word i guess that saliva was used for the female prisons as well it just seemed logical uh and again the results that we found was that testosterone is linked to anti behavior and again some of those little details i'll talk on flash cards and things like that as well if

i need to uh and then i don't know if he must have done another study in between because there's a five-year gap between this and the next one 1995 where he he does he does the male prisoners uh study i'm finding pretty much the the same thing um so similar results testosterone was higher in violence and rapists and in lower and burglars and thieves and then one year later 1996 uh he does his final study which was uh what was his final say that daddy did um oh yeah that's why the university's one that's quite

interesting for me because like he does this huge study with his military veterans of over 4 000 students and he drops down in the 1995 one to this really small study like i i want to read the original thing here because i want to know like what new thing was he trying to find here or was he just trying to test the exact same thing again and again and again like the 996 this one kind of makes sense because he's finding the attentive and helpful i don't know if that was his aim but it is

interesting it's also interesting that he he does this stuff with like military veterans which in this case is like trying to represent the whole us population right but he does these two prisoner experiments and the next one that he looks at is the one with universities so is his aim with this study simply just to see if it's the same with like younger people because remember the median age of military veterans was 37 years old median age and prisoners i don't know what the median age was there but you know was he just trying to

see like would it work with young people i don't know so two universities 12 fraternities and he found that testosterone when it is low uh in increases attentive and helpful behavior and again what was the method that was used to assess that was it an interview were you interviewing their mates like you know a lot of potential biases there uh but then when it's high it led to more macho and boisterous behavior okay and uh the one above this was 600 and 662 was it 692 692 692 just short of 700. having said that you

know memorizing the numbers of exactly the sample size i don't know if you'd need that anyway like the exact number you know you can probably get away with just saying like just under 700 or nearly four and a half thousand because it like i i genuinely don't think that you'd get marked down for getting the exact number wrong at least it wouldn't doesn't suggest that in the marketing schemes that you would okay oops so that's how i've gone through this and how do i okay all that stuff about the biases and stuff uh it's it's

it's basically the exact same thing you know we're asking the question of why is it important and so when we were looking okay uh research triangulation well it was dabs and mars right uh dabs and mars they apparently worked in a team but i don't know how they worked in the team so something about that methods triangulation well we know because we thought about it so much they use the combination right but there are issues with that and then we know about the data triangulation because the fact that we use the multiple different data sources

and there was an attempt to try to overcompensate however the big thing there is that it didn't seem to compensate for the issues with the methods of collection which is i think is probably a huge issue unless they accounted for that in the study and it just wasn't mentioned in those notes uh and then wasn't it e right e is for uh the ethics right ethics i don't i don't think we saw any problems with ethics i don't know if we're just making it up by saying that there was an ethical problem with the way

that the news was delivered unless we know exactly how the results were delivered in which case like i don't know like what exactly is ethical issue with that um a alternative methods the brain damage thing the study with rain and showing that prefrontal cortex damage increases aggression that's a really good one to bring up uh uh the what was it um department what the acronym is the mnemonic is it c is it like m um [Music] m which stands for method oh right uh and so this was all right so like yeah so again i

didn't read the full study for this but i'll be doing the same approach going through each method to think why did they do it this way why couldn't they just do it this way what was the significance of doing it this way like there's always have to think if you were the one that's doing this experiment like why would you do it in a certain way what's the result what's the reasoning and rationale behind certain behavior and decisions that you make uh and then b which stands for [Music] b which stands for bias uh i

don't know about conflict of interest or funding issues however um the the conclusion that it can be generalized to similar populations i don't know if you can make that because the fact that we didn't really adjust for different personality traits outside because they're all military veterans and i would presume that there's a pretty significant bias there as in terms of like who the participants are so i don't agree with that okay so that's that's how i do it um and again i'll do the same thing with all the other ones as well do you do

you guys really need me to go through all the other um other ones because it's going to be the same thing you know newcomer it out in 1999 okay this is a newcomer newcomer is a newcomer to the the study i haven't heard his name before but he is fitting in directly after 1996 right so it's an extension presumably he's not gonna be the same he's not gonna be doing the same study that dab said he's gonna take it another step further right um so he's looking at cortisol and memory okay great and um there's

probably going to be some kind of follow-on study after that 1995 wiederkind or vitiken uh 1995 same time as dab's third study mhc affecting mate choice so now these are looking at completely different things right we're looking now at the idea of memory uh declarative memory and behavior and we're looking at uh reproductive behavior so we're completely away from testosterone in that case right we're going completely away from testosterone in fact the vetican one seems more along the lines of this you know pheromones area whereas um the newcomer one is not testosterone but it's cortisol

it doesn't seem like we've got anything in terms of tran neurotransmitters specifically though so naturally you'll see how it adds onto my mind map as well and then how i could integrate method of modified myth of loki and flashcards [Music] all right do you guys have any any questions about that process because i feel like there's there's nothing more for me to really show it would just be a repeat of the exact same demonstration um in a way it was harder for me to use the summarized notes than original study because when you read an

original study if you have a question you can like look for the information in the study and you know whether it's there or not whereas when you're looking at like someone else's summarized notes i don't know whether the notes are accurate i don't know whether the information was in the study but then the student didn't just read it you know and didn't put it in their notes or like i'd rather just have the original because then i know if the information is there or not but anyway this is um you know this is the moment

that i had the end of it the things that i'm missing here are the you know a little bit more detail in terms of the function and then um physiological things about testosterone and the functions that we skipped that you know page in the middle there because it's going to be the same technique but i wanted to focus on demonstrating the you know aim shoot cycle using inquiry-based learning self-sufficient inquiry-based learning the relational priority learning and chunking that we teach for something like psych psychology for things like studies i don't know like let me know

in the comments you know is there a specific difficulty to doing this that i've overlooked or is there a specific question about how it works because it felt relatively straightforward as i had mentioned before the main thing seems to be kind of accepting that some things just need to be memorized instead of legitimately trying your best to answer the question of why it's important you know some people have that as a tokenistic question like why is it important ah because it's part of the study it's like that's not really answering it you know why is

it important means that it's you need to know like truly how is it related to all these other things what are its influences what does it affect so what i did is i just asked that question very very strictly at a high level of frequency uh to come to the understanding that i have on this so yeah let me know if there's anything um yeah okay i'll show you how i would do it directly off of a journal article i'm not gonna use the i'm not gonna use the same i'll just i'll just find a

random journal article and i'll just use that um this seems like a journal article it's literally exactly the same okay like i don't know what you're expecting to see that's different but it's literally exactly the same okay it's just that there's more to read oh this is not even a um sorry this is not a article let me find a journal this looks like a journal article maybe not okay i see a doi uh i probably don't have access to the full full text uh let me just let me just search for something let me

search for um testosterone and violence google scholar i want to see the full text [Music] is there a full text about yes there's a full text available okay so look exactly the same thing okay exactly the same thing i'm just gonna read it i'm gonna ask why is it important i'm just gonna try to simplify it in my mind right so um published in the international journal of endocrinology and metabolism ativistic residues of aggressive behavior prevailing animal life determine blah blah testosterone plays a significant role in the arousal of these behavioral manifestations there is evidence

that testosterone was a higher individual with aggressive behavior this is published in 2012 by the way several field studies have shown blah blah aggressive behavior arises in the brain through blah blah um okay tell me what the point of this study is or is this not even a study is this just like a review just my luck i picked like just a review man link me if you've got a better study for me to go through because uh it's taking time for me to just find an actual study maybe this one assessment of aggressive behavior

and plasma testosterone in a young criminal population full text links and i need to buy it to have x i do have institutional access but i just can't be bothered logging into my account and everything hey this one works this works this works great i've got a study all right cool so look abstract okay background rece uh this was published in 2014 right by trauma uh trauma monthly association between testosterone and violent behavior has provided conflicting findings majority of studies between testosterone anti-social violent behaviors has used a clinical sample of severely violent individuals these studies

have mostly assessed males the objective of this study is to study six differences in the association between testosterone and violent behaviors and computing examples of young adults in the united states great so even just through the abstract i'm reading like i'm already seeing how this is important so we've got like the idea and it even talks about the same thing i was saying before about how we started with these prisoners and then we were looking at these military workers and then i wondered whether the 1996 study was to look at uh you know just normal

university students but then again it's only males because they're fraternities right um so and it's a very small sample size only two universities only 12 fraternities so this one is trying to look at community young adults of both sexes and look at six differences intersex differences so in my mind that's that's that has an importance associated with it right and because it's important it's more likely to be retained patients and methods a long-term study of inner city pub population so inner city population so again this is i wonder okay is there a regional difference what

if you live rurally so that's another thing in my mind that is like a gap that this study is not going to be filling so can we extrapolate this to people that live rurally i don't know uh 257 young adults not a lot of people not a lot of people so the conclu conclusion of this study is going to be grain or salt like it it has to be conducted really really well otherwise the sample size is too small average of 22 years range of 21 to 23 so very narrow range as well they use

regression analysis to see association so regression analysis is one of the most basic correlation measuring statistical tools if i didn't know that i would google what is aggression analysis because if you don't know what regression analysis is and the pros and cons of it you don't know how reliable the statistics are right it's natural so asking the question why is it important that they use regression analysis because you've got to remember they made a decision to use regression analysis why would they make that decision unless that was the best way to you know interpret the

data so if i don't even know what regression analysis is then i don't i can't answer the question why is regression analysis important because i fundamentally don't know what it is so naturally i go and look it up and then naturally that becomes more retained uh results there are significant positive correlation between testosterone levels and violent behaviors among females but not males so this is interesting because this is something i actually mentioned at the very beginning right uh and this is something that dabs initially found oops wrong thing dabs initially found the opposite of right

dabs found in 1988 that female prisoners had this and then in 1995 he found similar things uh in male prisoners but what about people that are just young in the community not prisoners was there a difference there this study shows as found that there wasn't a difference when it comes to male so potentially in females with the baseline testosterone is low doesn't make a difference it makes a big difference in males with baseline testosterone is high for most non-severely violent behave people maybe it doesn't make it maybe it doesn't make a difference and in fact

it links back to what we're talking about before where we um we learned that you know it changes the probability of a behavior it doesn't cause the behavior so maybe another factor that influences the behavior is their pre-existing violent tendencies those with pre-existing violent tendencies may have testosterone increase their propensity for violent behavior whereas it might not be so again all the stuff i'm talking about right now this is not me just like teaching you stuff this is literally what's going on in my head i'm just thinking out loud and the only reason i'm thinking

this is because i'm just constantly trying to think of why what i am reading and consuming is important right so um association between among females were significant as it was above and beyond the effects of social economic status age education and race so it means it was a very very powerful effect conclusions were that our findings provide more information on biological mechanisms for violent behavior among young female adults uh and the study also helps us better understand six differences um yeah i'll be looking in the discussion to talk about the limited sample size i'll be

looking at the discussion to talk about how it correlates to previous studies that were done and i'd be looking to see um what their method was to measure the violent behavior and whether they talk about the inner city population part and if there's any conflicts of interest okay background this is just going to talk about you know everything that we know so far so uh i'm going to be looking for that so patients and methods i'm looking for do they cover those issues you know what is the significance of their selection or exclusion criteria right

longitudinal core inner city population that's important all right data was collected anonymously that's good participants provide consent form so anonymously means they're less likely to lie their consent form so it's ethically looking sound study enrolled students in a in full semester of ninth grade if they had a grade point average of three or lower in eighth grade if they did not have a diagnosis of developmental disability or emotional impairment okay so right like this is interesting they've got like a gpa cut off type thing which is you know that's interesting like how does that affect

it and why so i'd want to read more about why and i'd be looking for that in the text likewise with the method let's say um testosterone was measured at wave six using slide samples like why was it measured at wave six why it wasn't measured earlier you know things like that uh for one minute then spit slowly into a cryotube like why why do we need to do that right it depends on how much detail you need to know you're unlikely to need to know this much detail for just a high school level essay

however if you were doing a proper review of this at a level at like university or in a professional you'd want to know what was their you know methodology did they do it for one minute or did they do it for 30 seconds which might potentially reduce the yield or have a false result so these are all things they'd be thinking of samples collected after 11 a.m the controller changes due to diurnal rhythm so that why is that important well i remember from the previous study that all the samples were collected in the morning right

because testosterone is affected by the time of day how do i know that i know that because it's explicitly said in the study that the samples were collected uh in the morning before breakfast so obviously there's something there about the time of the day so on and so forth right i just say okay i keep doing this i keep simplifying i keep relating to the importance i look for chunks and i just continue to simplify and i may make a mind map about this later and then put the relevant other details in flashcards as i

see fit was that um enough of a demonstration of how i do that for uh an actual study you know a basic study like this is the stuff that i do like day in day out honestly like i'm reading studies constantly around education and when i was going through medical school and things and training as a doctor like you know just reading studies is like you you read more studies than you do like anything else so i have the benefit of having experience knowing how to navigate studies but the thought process is exactly the same

as what i teach you guys you know it's the same as what's in the course it's just that i'm at a level of competence where it is unconsciously competent i'm able to do it very very quickly at a high frequency i don't have to think about it for very long whereas for a lot of you guys you have to really slow down and it's gonna feel tiring it's gonna feel slow and you know like it's it's being drawn out for a long period of time but the level of understanding that you have of it by

the end of it will be very very high and so when you talk about the study in an essay it will come through naturally it will just be you know it will just be um almost like mindlessly you don't even have to almost think about it it's just when you're in a general conversation and you want to give an example like if you're trying to explain that you know dark red and bright red are not the same color and you say oh you know dark red dark red is a darker shade of red than light

red for example like you know something that's dark red might be um like a like a like a berry like a poison berry or like a i know like a man i'm struggling to think of an example of saying this dark red uh like old blood or something i don't know okay look it's a medical thing okay old blood is dark red now with bright red that's the that's a color of like um you know like a ferrari or you know when you buy like a you know like a red pen from a stationery store

that's usually like a bright red so the way that i give examples it's just naturally i'm just thinking about them so if someone's asking me about like the different research methods that i use then i'd say well you know naturally you have multiple different ways of researching methods because you need to be able to triangulate it effectively and accurately and if you don't then you're running the risk of having multiple different biases so for example a great exam a great example of this would be um dabs uh in his uh large military reference study of

almost four and a half thousand people that we performed in 1990 he used a combination of interview survey and lab testing and the failure to use lab testing would have meant that there was no truly objective data sources to correlate the results with which already uh using only the survey interview is significantly biased due to the limitations of the survey methodologies that were actually used therefore this is why you know it needs to be corroborated with other types of research techniques for example you know like lab work or other samples or systematic reviews or meta-analyses

for example in this you know this study was whatever right it just comes out naturally and actually the way it comes out seems a lot more genuinely well-known than someone that just memorized like oh this research method was used for this study right because it actually means something the fact is not just an isolated information the information really means something to you because it it answered a question in your mind it was like this was important it's related to so many things again it's coming back to those principles information and isolation will die how do

you create those meaningful relationships and the fastest most effective way to do that is to assign its importance and assign it with all the other things that are related and when you assign the importance and you have all those relationships you chunk them and you simplify them and you can represent that in the mind map okay look i think that there was a sufficient demonstration we've gone for an hour and a half i don't feel there's a need for me to go further into it you'd just be seeing me doing the exact same thing as

i've been doing before uh recording of this will be available right recording of this will be available we'll um have it up on our youtube and we'll link to it in the course as well as like a supplementary little additional resource for people to have a look at uh but you know just um come back to the basics come back to the basics you know come back to the basic principles information isolation relational learning don't get so tied up with the technique that you forget about why you're even using the technique in the first place

that's you always have to go back to the principle you know i i teach people techniques there's a reason i explain the theory behind the technique before i go into the technique like when i do webinars people are like yo what's the technique how do i do the study thing it's like yo just calm down what you need to understand first is why the technique works because otherwise when you run into problems you don't know how to fix them because you don't know why the technique worked in the first place that's what happens when you

memorize stuff that's what happens with like you know your parents if they're really bad at technology or like your grandparents if they're bad at technology and you're like you have to click on this to enter your email grandma and then they just memorize it and then so if the user interface changes they're like oh no how do i access my email but it's like why can't you figure that out if you know the principle and this is the thing is that if you go through just trying to memorize everything and you don't really truly challenge

what really needs to be memorized then you don't see the principle behind you know the topic and you don't see the principle behind the techniques that you use so there's the balance system that we teach but there's other inquiry-based systems that you can use you can modify and you can adapt it in multiple ways as well and in order to truly become a self-sufficient individualized learner that can study multiple different things very fluidly you need to understand the principles you need to know the theory you need to know why techniques work so when you use

a technique you know what the objective is you know what you're trying to get out of it and if you run into a problem you do it doing your cold experience your learning cycle to try to problem solve it you know how to problem solve you're not just thinking of random ideas there's a clear theory of why it's not working and how it's meant to be that you can use as a reference point as an answer sheet so you can always calibrate closer and closer all right i think we'll end it there thanks for being

a great audience uh the uh recording of it will be available if you have any questions uh feel free to leave them in the course leave them in our discord if you happen to be watching this and you're not a member of our i can study pro course uh you can check the link in the description or whatever uh to look into it a little bit more highly recommend it if you're interested in learning study more effectively if you are an i can study students and you're going through this and you picked up something new

make a note of it have that as your focus practice it intensively and then i'll see you in the live clinic or the monthly review uh our live clinic is coming up actually very very soon in 40 minutes uh we'll start our live clinic today right so um those of you that are members i will see you very very soon on our live clinic those of you that aren't hopefully i'll see you as members eventually thanks and until next time see you later you