Every Protocol Explained As FAST As Possible!

welcome to the ultimate speedrun of networking protocol in this video I'm going to break down every protocol an ethical hacker needs to know as quickly and simply as possible we'll explore everything from basic web protocols to Advanced industrial ones all while throwing in examples metaphors and a bit of humor to make it stick if you want to save a lot of time in your hacking Journey make sure to check out the hacker cheat sheet I compiled if you haven't already after watching this video link is in the comments ready let's dive in we'll begin with

the basics HTTP and https picture HTTP as a delivery service for website but one that's sending your information on postcard everyone can read what's on them but then https shows up putting those postcards in an envelope locking it with encryption so no one else can peek inside this makes https essential for any site that handles sensitive information like banking or shopping then there's TCP I the foundation of everything we do online think of TCP as a careful delivery driver ensuring every data packet arrives safely while IP is the GPS that tells TCP exactly where to

go without these two working together the internet would be absolute chaos next up UDP if TCP is a careful delivery truck UDP is like a bicycle messenger zooming through traffic it's faster because it doesn't wait around to check if every packet made it that's why it's used for live streams and online gaming where speed is more important than Perfection moving on to DNS the domain name system it's like the internet's phone book when you type in a web address DNS looks up the IP address and directs you to the right place but if a hacker

messes with it they can redirect you to a fake site instead which is known as DNS spoofing now let's talk about FTP and SFTP the protocols for transferring files think of FTP as sending your documents in a plain envelope completely unsecured but SF FTP is like sending them in an armored truck the difference encryption hackers love to Target FTP because it's wide open for snooping SSH is next the protocol for secure remote logins imagine it as a secret tunnel connecting you to a remote server no one else can see what's happening inside unless they manage

to crack your password it's a favorite among CIS admins and hackers alike then there are the email protocols SMTP poop 3 and IMAP SMTP sends your emails out while poop 3 and IMAP bring your emails in they're like the behind the-scenes postal workers of the digital world but if they're not configured properly hackers can use them to hijack email accounts or launch fishing attacks next we have SNMP the protocol that's always Whispering about what's going on in your network it's like a nosy neighbor telling you who's home who's not and which appliances are acting up

but leave it unsecured and anyone can listen in or Worse start making changes to your network icmp is up next if you've ever used the Ping command you've used icmp it's like sending a quick are you there to another computer super handy for Diagnostics but hackers can also use it to map out networks and then we have arp arp is like a trans later that converts IP addresses into physical Mac addresses imagine you're in a big office and you need to find Bob's desk ARP tells you where he's sitting but ARP spoofing can trick you

into thinking Bob's desk is somewhere it's not leading your data to a hacker instead DHCP is up next this one hands out IP addresses to devices on your network like a party host assigning seats at a dinner table but if a hacker slips in and becomes the host they can give you a seat that sends your data straight into their trap we can't forget about SSL TLS the protocols that secure your web traffic they're like the locks on your internet communic imagine Whispering secrets in a crowded room if someone doesn't have the right key they

can't EOP but an attack called SSL stripping can downgrade that lock making it easier to crack next we have elap which is like your Network's address book it stores all the details about users systems and permissions if someone unauthorized flips through this book they can see exactly where your weak spots are and then there's tnet tnet is the insecure granddaddy of remote login protocols imagine shouting your login credentials in a crowded room yeah not a good idea that's why most people use SSH instead RDP is next the protocol for controlling another computer computer remotely it's

like having the puppet strings to a system across the country it's great for it support but if a hacker gets hold of it they can run your system like a puppet master now let's talk about SMB cifs this protocol is like the shared office supply closet used for sharing files and printers on a network but if it's left unlocked anyone can wand in and help themselves to sensitive data making it a target for attackers ntp or network time protocol is a digital timekeeper making sure all the clocks in your network are synchronized but if a

hacker manipulates it they can throw off your entire Network's timing causing chaos in logs and Communications sip is up next the protocol behind your viip calls it's like a switchboard operator setting up your calls if it's not secured an attacker could listen in or even impersonate you on a call for oo and open ID imagine them as bouncers outside a club checking IDs to see if you're allowed in they don't ask for your whole life story just a quick check but if someone manages to forge that ID they can walk right in Kerberos is a

three-headed guard dog for Network authentication it uses tickets to prove you are who you say you are it's a strong Defender unless someone forges a ticket and sneaks past let's move on to mqtt the protocol that's like a group group chat for iot devices it's lightweight and quick but not always secure if a hacker joins the chat they can start sending commands to your devices modbus is the protocol that runs industrial devices think Factory machines and power plants but it's old and lacks modern security making it like a factory with no locks on the doors

now onto bgp it's the internet's map maker managing how data packets are routed between large networks if someone messes with bgp they can cause massive outages or redirect traffic for spying sctp is next a protocol designed for Telecom networks it's like having multiple Lanes on a highway allowing for multiple messages to be sent over the same channel without traffic jams and finally we have GRE an encapsulation protocol that wraps packets inside a tunnel it's like sending a letter within a letter making it useful for secure VPN connections let's dive into IP SEC The Bodyguard of

Ip packets think of IPC as a security guard that not only checks IDs but also escorts your data packets safely across the network it's like sending your valuables in a locked briefcase with a security detail ensuring confidentiality integrity and authentication hackers trying to intercept these packets would have a tough time cracking that briefcase next on the list is pptp and l2tp the early pioneers of VPN protocols pptp is like an old tunnel through a mountain fast but riddled with security holes l2tp often paired with ip6 is the upgraded tunnel with reinforced walls providing a safer

passage for your data but remember even the best tunnels need maintenance to stay secure then we have OPF the protocol that helps routers find the best path like a season Navigator plotting the quickest rout on a map it's essential for large networks to prevent data from taking the scenic route and slowing things down if misconfigured however data might end up on a detour through hacker land moving on to rip not the rest in peace kind but the routing information protocol it's like the veteran mailman who always takes the same route even if it's not the

most efficient RP is simple and easy to set up but doesn't scale well for larger networks making it less popular these days eigrp is Cisco's proprietary routing protocol acting like a secret handshake among Cisco devices it's smarter than rip and learns the best paths over time but if you're not using Cisco gear you might feel left out of the club MLS is up next which stands for multi-protocol label switching think of it as the express lane on a highway for your data packets it labels and directs traffic efficiently reducing congestion hackers might try to sneak

into this express lane to intercept high priority data then there's PPP the point-to-point protocol it's like a private conversation between two friends on a tinan telephone line it's used for direct connections over serial links but doesn't offer much in terms of security on its own PPP Poe combines PPP with ethernet allowing that tin can conversation to happen over a larger Network it's commonly used by isps for customer internet connections but if not secured it can be tapped into by Eve droppers Isis or intermediate system to intermediate system is another rooting protocol like osf's cousin it's

the quiet efficient type often used by large service providers to keep data flowing smoothly misconfigurations here can lead to data getting lost in transit hsrp or hot standby rout a protocol is like having a backup singer ready to take over if the lead singer loses their voice it provides Network redundancy by having a standby router ready to step in minimizing downtime but if a hacker SP poofs hsrp messages they can redirect traffic their way vrrp is similar to hsrp but is an open standard it's the universal understudy in our Network theater ready to fill in

when needed again security is key to prevent unauthorized stand-ins from taking over the show lldp or link layer Discovery protocol is like name tags at a networking event allowing devices to announce themselves and learn about their neighbors while useful for Network mapping if left unsecured it provides hackers with a directory of potential Target CDP or Cisco Discovery protocol is llp's Cisco specific counterpart it's it's like a VIP guest list at an exclusive party while great for Network management it can spill too many beans if a hacker gets access next we have net bios an older

protocol used for network communication on local networks think of it as the town crier shouting out messages to find other devices it's noisy and can reveal too much information if not properly managed mdns or multicast DNS is like a neighborhood gossip sharing information about who's who without needing a central directory it's used by devices like printers and smart home gadgets to find each other but an attacker can exploit it to intercept or spoof services tftp or trivial file transfer protocol is ftps lightweight sibling it's like leaving a box of documents on your porch for someone

to pick up no security no authentication convenient but risky if sensitive information is involved rtsp or real-time streaming protocol is the director behind live video streams telling the cameras when to start and stop it's essential for things like security cameras and live broadcast but if hijacked an attacker could tap into your video feeds RTP the real-time transport protocol carries the actual video and audio data like the actors on stage srtp adds security to the mix putting bodyguards around those actors to prevent unauthorized access to your streams gopher is a blast from the past a protocol

that predates HTTP for Distributing documents is like an old library C catalog system while mostly obsolete some Niche corners of the internet still use it and understanding it can help in certain retro Computing context HTTP 2 is the modern upgrade to http like swapping out your old bicycle for a Sleek new motorcycle it's faster and more efficient but with new features come new security considerations that need to be addressed NFS or Network file system is like a share Drive where everyone can access files as if they were on their own computer great for collaboration but

can be a treasure Trove for hackers if permissions aren't tight AFP or apple filing protocol is nfss cousin in the Apple world it's the protocol that lets Mac users share files seamlessly however if not secured it opens up the same risks as any file sharing protocol iSCSI allows you to treat remote storage as if it's local like having a magic bag that connects directly to a warehouse miles away it's fantastic for storage area networks but intercepting this connection could give attackers access to your data warehouse fiber channel is like the bullet train of storage networks

fast and efficient it's used in data centers for high-speed data transfer but physical access to the network can spell disaster if not properly secured fcoe or fiber channel over ethernet combines the speed of fiber channel with the flexibility of ethernet it's like adding Wings to your car it can fly over traffic but requires careful handling to avoid crashes nntp the network news transfer protocol is used for use net articles think of it as the old school internet Forum system while not as prevalent today it's still around and can be a source of information leak AG

if not managed zwave and zigg are protocols used in home automation think smart lights and thermostats they're like the secret language your smart devices used to talk to each other if a hacker learns that language they can start controlling your smart home Bluetooth is the ubiquitous protocol or short-range wireless communication it's like a handshake between devices to share data quickly but leaving Bluetooth on and discoverable is like wearing a sign that says hack me NFC or nearfield communication is what powers contactless payments it's like a quick fist bump to transfer small amounts of data secure

when used properly but attackers with specialized equipment can attempt to intercept or mimic signals amqp or Advanced message queuing protocol is used in Enterprise messaging systems it's like a postal service for business applications ensuring messages are delivered reliably compromise here can disrupt business processes or expose sensitive data coap the constrained application protocol is designed for simple electronic devices it's like a minimalistic language for iot gadgets to communicate security is often minimal making it a ripe Target for hackers to exploit spdy was a precursor to http 2 developed by Google to speed up web traffic it's

like putting your data on a high-speed train though mostly replaced now understanding it helps in grasping how modern web protocols evolve quick standing for quick UDP internet connections is another Google innovation aiming to make internet connections faster and more secure it's like combining the speed of UDP with the reliability of TCP giving you the best of both worlds samime and pgp are protocols for encrypting emails think of them as sealing your letters with a wax stamp that only the intended recipient can break without them your emails are like postcards anyone can read dnp3 is used

in industrial Control Systems particularly in utilities like water and electricity it's like the conductor of an orchestra ensuring all components work in harmony a breach here could lead to critical infrastructure failures IC 608 75104 is another industrial protocol mainly used in electrical engineering it's like the blueprint that ensures Engineers speak the same technical language security weaknesses can be catastrophic affecting power grids backnet is used in building automation controlling hva lighting and security systems it's like the building's central nervous system hacking into backnet could give someone control over physical aspects of a building Wi-Fi protocols like

802.11 AC and 802.11 ax govern how your wireless devices communicate they're the invisible Airways connecting your devices to the internet weak Wi-Fi security is like leaving your front door open with a welcome mat for hackers ethernet protocols under the IE 802.3 standards Define how wired networks function they're like the roads your data cars drive on proper segmentation and security measures are essential to prevent data collisions and unauthorized access STP or spanning tree protocol prevents Loops in network topologies imagine a road system without traffic lights STP is what keeps data from circling endlessly causing traffic jams

if manipulated it can bring Network traffic to a standstill rstp and mstp are improvements over STP offering faster convergence and multiple spanning trees they're like upgrading your traffic system with smart lights and roundabouts to keep things flowing smoothly vtp or VLAN trunking protocol manages vland configurations across switches it's like a city planner coordinating different neighborhoods but if someone gains access they can reconfigure your Network's layout to their advantage lap or link aggregation control control protocol bundles multiple network connections into a single logical link for increased bandwidth it's like combining multiple Lanes into a super highway

misconfigurations can lead to traffic being misrouted or dropped MMP or Internet group management protocol manages multicast group memberships it's like sending out party invites to multiple guests an attacker can exploit igmp to flood the network with unwanted traffic Pim or protocol independent multicast works with igmp to Route multicast traffic efficiently it's like planning the best routes for delivering those party invites if compromised it can disrupt multicast Communications BFD or bidirectional forwarding detection quickly detects link failures it's like having sensors on a bridge that alert you the moment there's a structural issue hackers can exploit BFD

to create false alarms or hide real issues lisp or locator shock ID separation protocol separates the identity of a network device from its location it's like using a stage name instead of your real name this adds flexibility but can complicate security if not properly managed vxlan nvgre and genive are protocols used for Network virtualization creating virtual Networks over physical ones it's like building a virtual City on top of a real one while powerful they add layers of complexity that can be exploited if not secured OpenFlow is a protocol that enables software defined networking sdn it's

like giving Network administrators a remote control to manage network devices centrally but if someone else gets that remote they can change your network configuration at will PCP or path computation element communication protocol helps compute efficient Network paths it's like using a GPS to find the best route an attacker could manipulate PC to re-root traffic through malicious nodes RSVP or resource reservation protocol reserves resources across a network it's like booking seats in advance for a show unauthorized reservations can lead to denial of service for legitimate users sshfs allows you to mount remote file systems over SSH

it's like extending your local hard drive across the internet securely if SSH is compromised though so is your remote file system NCP or netwar core protocol was used in older novel networks it's like the ancient script of networking languages mostly obsolete but occasionally encountered in Legacy systems lastly let's touch on sdp or session description protocol which describes multimedia communication sessions for the purposes of session announcement and invitation think of it as the party planner sending out detailed invites for a multimedia conference if intercepted or altered attendees might end up at the wrong party or none

at all and there you have it the Whirlwind tour of 100 networking protocols every ethical hacker should know from the foundational protocols that make the internet possible to the specialized ones that control Industrial Systems each plays a crucial role in the digital landscape remember understanding these protocols isn't just about memorizing acronyms it's about grasping how data moves where vulnerabilities lie and how to protect against potential threats as ethical hackers it's our job to stay one step ahead turning knowledge into defense thanks for joining me on this rapid Journey Through the networking world if you found

this helpful don't forget to like share and subscribe for more deep dives into the tech that powers our Liv until next time keep exploring stay curious and happy hacking