How Mitochondria Produce Energy

Our body is made up of trillions of cells. They  all require energy to function. This energy is created within ourselves, in the mitochondria. 

Here, food is converted into chemical energy called ATP. ATP is released by the mitochondria,  so cells can use it. Mitochondria consists of two membranes, an outer membrane separating it from  the cytosol, and an inner membrane surrounding the so called matrix.

The area between these  membranes is called the inter membrane space. ATP is generated at the inner membrane of mitochondria  by an efficient mechanism called oxidative phosphorylation, involving several membrane  protein complexes. Nutrients provide high-energy electrons in the form of NADH, which are used by  the protein complexes to pump protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

This continuous  pumping, creates a proton gradient, where the positively charged protons are attracted to the  more negative matrix. When the protons re-enter the matrix through the ATP synthase protein  complex, they catalyze the production of ATP.