Pierre Bourdieu. First Erving Goffman Prize Lecture (1996, Berkeley). In English

I think we're about to begin thank you I'm neo Flik Stein chair of the sociology department and I'd like to thank all of you for coming today this is the first Goffman lecture and for those of you who don't know urban golfing was one of the great sociologists of the post-war era he was a member of the department of sociology at the university of california for many years it is fitting that the first recipient of the Goffman award is perhaps the greatest living sociologist in the world I'm more than pleased to have professor Pierre Bourdieu

here today and I consider it an honor to be able to introduce him as the first Goffman Award winner professor Brody who currently holds the chair in sociology at the collège de France he is also director of the Center for European sociology professor Bordeaux is the author of some 30 books and nearly 400 articles that have been translated into two dozen languages he has made important contributions to many disciplines including sociology anthropology history literature political science linguistics and philosophy his best-known books include outline of a theory of practice distinction homo academic --is and the logic

of practice Pierre Bourdieu is also one of Europe's most influential public intellectuals his writings on education media racism and immigration and more recently on issues of inequality and social justice have shaped debates in France and neighboring countries but you do not come here today to hear me speak of pierre bourdieu's past work and reputation you came here today to hear professor Bohr do I am pleased to welcome professor Bordeaux and I look forward to the first Goffman lecture entitled masculine domination revisited I want to make the security department and for sure little 16 for the

opportunity to speak here today we found all these impressive audience like I would like to thank also the students and the faculty for their welcome and also defined the preference and programs for their welcome in Berkeley first I would like to say that they are honor indeed proud of being the first recipient of the government prize water for by the security department or Berkeley ring Kaufman was great their dear friend of mine and I mean but leaving aside personal memories of a man I would like to insist on two characteristics of a scholar which maybe

we deserve to be celebrated and imitate first it was a very modest it was very it was a very modest person and especially when it came to his theoretical culture he often expressed his regrets of not having the strong philosophical training that some audience will have but in fact as we really realize by scrutinizing his footnotes and especially the substance of his analysis Rothman has had a very threatening and deft mastery or the sales favorite for tools he needed to formulate and to carry out his scientific project and without freeing the part of a philosopher

he made signal contributions to philosophy in particular to the philosophy of language of performative arts and of the self and many others other scenes Erving Goffman had another very rare intellectual quality which is closely related to his modesty he had a unique ability to detect and decipher the minute details represent invisible processes the infinitesimal features of everyday life it was a dis program or the movie wilfully feel small in society and availed to the dignity of scientific objects the bits and pieces of social life that were before every eyes but had never been seen and

understood in his light likes to doing often world new rhythm of weekly for sociologists anthropologists linguists educationalist and other one thing is practical part very worthy of notice in Kaufman's wave or working instead of offering with rebel answers to huge and vague questions such as what is gender or how how to gender race and class interact the kind of questions so fashionable today which lifted which lentil said to never sell philosophy no rigorous social sciences but to something that falls in between and often meets the standards of nature Goffman work to reformulate broad effect issues

by means of a precise analysis of the most concrete and apparently trivial details of social phenomena he observed I once had in my hands the Box in which he kept the slides of adversity advertisements where over 1,000 of them which he had collected and examined to run his analysis of equally ritualization or gender relations zero for example a model battery for young younger scholars of how one does innovative and social analysis without huge amounts of economic and bureaucratic capital and even symbolic character that is without ritual name-dropping of canonical philosophical authors and forefront three references

that are ever more energy and space a few years ago I wrote an article entitled masculine domination today in his brief lecture I would like to do three themes first first I want to explain the methodological intentions which inspired me to factor this issue in the manner I did that is by urologist working on first look appears like geographic analysis or one particular case of masculine domination but is in my view the quasi experimentation about the fundamental structure or gender second I will restate and elaborate some of the main certainty results of this work in

progress which I hope to develop further thanks to the critical dialogue with American scholars and which of which this lecture is one moment third and lastly I want to suggest some analytical and political implications of certain analysis of masculine domination mies on the map removed from my premised on a materialist theory of the economy of symbolic groups for reasons of time I will address these points in a schematic and from what the I think manner without entry and freeing into the details of the analysis and without attempting to cover all aspects of the problem this

is a kind of program like most real yourself or problems that is best analyzed in a similar workshop with very concrete infrequent materials not in formal lecture like today I want to make sure that I get the main point of course and I want mostly to start off dispersion when we attempt to see masculine domination we stand in danger or is thoughtfully through or 17-2 modes of thinking or mode of thinking that are themselves products of millenia of masculine domination whether we like it of North journalists men men or women is part and parcel of

the object she tries to us he or she has internalized in the form of unconsciously matter of perception and appreciation the story for social structures of masculine rule consequently our first party must be to find a practical strategy that enables us to affect the methodical methodical objective ation of the subject or scientific objective ation the device for uncovering the structure of the archaic unconscious we hold to our ontogenesis and Philo Genesis as general beings and which leads us to partake of the phenomenon we seem to plan in his one variant of the modern form of

the critical invention exemplified by chant namely to explore the categories of understanding no more material is very limited by the kind it involves describing the historical Genesis and social fabrication of our body of the symbolic forms through which we construct the world but which being issued out of this world all more orphans are not in agreement with the world so that we tend to take this word for granted and could use to each perfect raishin 30 years ago it was necessary to show as I did in my book reproduction in education society and culture it

was necessary to show that the school is a conservative force in order to try to make in order to try to make it the very liberating force that it can be under definite social conditions today truthfully that it is necessary to take the risk of appearing to justify the existing state or general relationship by showing that women as they have been constituted and general Baili as they have been constituted as general being by the social world can contribute to their own domination this is not work for the pleasure of disenchanting or appealing more clearance than

more cleavers and everyone else but to increase the possibility of affecting the symbolic revolution which is the condition of a true transformation of gender gender relations the question I was faced with then where's the following hopeful transform such an exercise in fronts and internal reflection into an empirical question not so political experiment in the sense of German a family that can be controlled repeated replicated by opposition to an experience in the sense of awareness of the masculine and the feminine which by definition can be neither first in Ferris nor education twisted this infinitely occurs where

any we unconsciously take as instrument of analysis of mastering domination their unconscious masculine categories produced by this domination I decided to start from the anthropological analysis of the particular historical face as I did in my studio for a chemicals chemicals in which I used an in-depth study of the French University system is a 60s to try and uncover uncover the violence of the modern academic mind and universe this case is the world of the cabinas of algeria among whom i didn't work is a fifties and sixties to describe the objective fracture of the social universe

of the traveres is that to describe the very first of the especially because of the cattiness is at the same time describe the mental structure of the observer that is my own mental structure as a man born is a new Mediterranean culture tradition Cabiria offers a unique terrain in which to carry out this experimental exercise in self social analysis or if you add all the an expression that an expression that will perhaps sound of Samoyed oxymoronic to some an exercise in experimental critics in philosophy for variety of historical reasons that would be too long to

enumerate this peasant society is the inter mountains of our area were until recently a kind of anthropological century where ancient may make vegetarian traditions and modes of thought had been preserved at a very high degree of practical practical coherence and integrity as well as neurological studies on honor and shame in different societies around the Mediterranean rim from wrist widget and from Spain for turkey show that Cavalier offers a living paddle mattock is translation of masculine cosmogony in actually that is at once exotic and familiar because it lies behind our own or film and even your

American cultural tradition so that by studying up close or with rose and mythical practices of the Kabila's we may uncover or recover a system of representations or better a system of principles of region and division common to the entire method military land civilization and which survives to this day in our mantle structure and for part in our social structure the followed narcissistic cosmogony cosmology to which Jacobean give public and collective display house our unconscious including our scholastic and and unconscious or the science of unconscious that is psychoanalysis even across the analysis of the writings of

Freud or like oh really reveals the still use as knowledge for with description as an instrument of rapture just as Goffman went to his servants sizes of general advertisement I went back to the ethnographic data I had collected in kabylia but which I had only partially analyzed in this regard I treated the camel case as a sort of aggrandize feature who which we can more easily construct an historical model but a general model of the fundamental structure of the masculine region and division of the world I sought to use this model to explicate how the

fellow narcissistic disposition that we can see clearly in the case of the Cavill having deposited inscribed within the bodies of the men and women of contemporary Western societies but distorted password with later forms at the cost of gaps discrepancies substitutions and inconsistencies to even analogy I hope to put myself in the situation of someone who is trying to reassemble and make sense of the remaining firm fragments of a great forum monuments by using a map or group Flint left by those who visit it is respect the experiment worked so far insofar as it's later allowed

me to recover from regional wars to the Lifehouse analysis of the mass within today's days that I could not have detected had I not River reread it for is informed by the traveling by the cavalry there was another secondary but nevertheless important use of this as non-record detour to submit the memorable contending theories of gender to the acid of the cable test if I may put it served so as to deserve discern those that are scholastic artifacts of what Barbara Christian calls the race for favor from those green to light genuinely new aspects of social

historical reality as a risk of seeming arrogant I will confess I also hope that through this method of methodological device and following the logic of historical founders model I will be able to propose a systematic account of gender domination that would integrate the best of the existing works of on these topics war works which I read for most of them only expose after having conducted my own entry for fair that it would be diverted in directors stipulated by the masculine from unconscious of which all of which are part a now I would like to mention

with the a few of the main substantive results of the detailed report for analysis of the Carol plays first what we can see most clearly in the case of social universe where sexuality in the sense revealed to this term as not being constituted assert and autonomous from other arenas I think that is an important property that we discover about our world the fact that in twin capitalist societies and different the difference little society what we call sexuality and which is which is mostly visible in the limiting cases of limiting case of eroticism pornography sexuality a

search is not considered constituted a search is not made of autonomous it's a remains involved into all the logic of a thesis it involves two agrarian facilities to cause more cosmology into all the aspects of the world and one of the errors in my view of most of the analysis of sexuality and of gender domain domination come from the fact that we forget the degree to which gender relationships and especially sexual orientation we mainly involved in a full set of logical and socialist core relationships so I come back to this point so in the case

of Karelia what is evident is that sexual differences are both inserted and submerge within a system of a political and cosmological opposition's that are constitutive of a vision and experience of the world these differences partake of a sexualized or gendered cosmology which Internet itself is a sexual topology of the socialized body of its comportment his behavior especially in speciality its motility for stance I put it off at length all the implicit for purpose prophecies which are involved in the opposition between high and low and and especially within the movement from low to high which means

by definition must believe in related to election to domination to dominate position in sexual art and so and so on so that is an example of this for fun involvement of any opposition to full system of opposition why any part of sexual differences are preferring when taken in isolation must like a phoneme the opposition masculine feminine is endowed with objective and subjective necessity by the fact that it is entangled supported off and supported by an exhaustible and inextricable system of motor both positions that reinforce one another between high and low above and below before and

behind left and right straight and cooked in both the physical and the more sense and that another property of the system that you go without weight without this what we need is continuity from the physical form or sense of the Audis opposition dragon wet hard and soft tasty and instantly bright and dark inside and outside of etc to make it more convincing I would need to take one of this opposition and to analyze completely all the support for dimension but to give you a ghost Mannion example you know I used to observe them when I

have dinner with woman and I we are the two things or some cheese and sweet you know the waiter every time you know they know one statistical exception every time the waiter gives the side dishes to the man to the male and sweet dishes to the woman so you you may make observations and you make all these zero position the big one the little one and so on so it could be an experiment of sociology you know so the fact that the opposition are asserted included in a system of opposition is very important because as

in linguistic system in the language in long-range sense of socio every funny all this which is myself before I take his necessity from his the interesting everybody knows that but when you refer to a practical system of opposition's you know it's very pleasant to see how the the recession within a system exerts an effect what a fool call an effect of necessity sure it makes necessary the food you have an effect of Lisa station for systematicity and this effect of necessity for systematicity will redouble reinforce by a second effect but I could call a natural

confirmation so I begin by use the example when I was a child in my village there are people at that time of the year used to say that it was always raining on Good Friday you know and there is a different methodology for you know from here they observe that it was always raining and they would see in these coincidence the natural verification of the religious belief in for anything at all so this effect of natural graveside of natural verification is very very important to explain the strength of the beliefs and and what is important

is that the opposition between male and masculine and feminine things is opposition will correspond geographical opposition biological cycles I dreamed of cosmic cycles and so on and in this manner the hierarchical binary opposition between male and female are feel founded on in the nature of things because it is code really everywhere and so I think this effect is very important to understand how foolish this opposition is inserted in social values and we have the equivalent in our society the general invidual inscribed into social order or scenes of the day of the calendar of the other

and activities the division of the space for instance the division of the house and the perimeter of the house enter must mean an assembly the internal division of the house which is masculine part and and filling path must be published far I mean path with wet fish and so on these objective divisions become is fragile two bodies in the form of permanent dispositions and become subjective principles or vision or cognitive categories through which individuals from to see and construct the world as meaningful lives reality being issued out of the world such categories of perception one

since a skill the category is to interact for this to be being issued out of the world such schemes of perception in accordance with the objective order of the things and inclined is to take the world as a given to take the world as granted this spontaneous agreement of the social structure and publicly fractured when it occurs is the basis of the toxic experience of masculine domination as ascribe and fragile nature of things invisible and questioned in the temporal world and our until quite recently that is until the second feminist revolution came must be in

order is so deeply grounded as to lead no justification it imposes itself a self-evident universal a mechanism of enforcement of the opposition general socialization the work of socialization causes the vehicle by a certain by really forcing and system eternity the suffering of the experience of a world preferred according to this organized education exercise is psychosomatic action leading to the somatization of sexual differences that is of masculine domination 140 very important domain of application of this work of psychosomatic implication is embodied construction of social differences between the sexes this construction operates different several me first what

I call rights of institutions rather than rites of passage like circumcision [Music] this rights mark the opposition not between a bit before and after as the notion origin of passages between Jewish yours use and adulthood but rather between those who participate in the white men and those do not women I also say society one could show that sports play with a very similar whole Constitution of institutionalization of the general division second process of construction the construction of the social both of the biological body that is the symbolic remaining reworking of another anatomical differences I collected

a lot of data about that you know I asked questions at length with men and women both have sexual organs perceived as a health care named and so on and so on and one may see that the anatomical difference is socially constructed so socially elaborated and that they are further about about anatomic differences but I don't the profit is fun but the important thing with her in ideological or symbolic mechanism I want to summarize in one sentence the socially constructed body serves as a ideological foundation for the arbitrary opposition for which which was itself a

factor if one the body is constructed according to a position between low and high erected or this all these opposition are used to convert the the anatomic organs and the electric organs being confirmed a search become principles of construction and even more of legitimation of social construction which are a fact-based baby so you have a reverse that it wasn't all very classically committed issue this regression of the causes energy effect is much more complex than what we say when we say it is a naturalization so the work of socialization or socialization it tends to affect

a progressive somatization of relations of general domination through two-fold operation first by means of the social construction of the visual of biological organs which cells cells cells at the foundation of all mythical regions of the world second to the location of a bodily axis bodily the manner of a relative manner of the doing which constitutes a true embodied politics so mass feeding is socio DCI uses were sociology counter Eliseo disease or show us your justification of society is a very better than the ideology which is a very dangerous work with my visible mass feeling socially

scissors owes its exceptional efficacy to the fact that accumulates and consents to operations first with legitimate legitimate relation of domination by inspiring it in a biological nature that is itself a naturalized social construction that intimate relation of domination by ascribing it in a biological which is itself the biodiesel by by vitalize social construction when one likes to play with words is terrible in a foreign language in fact I tend to describe this this opposition as completely of true for people who kept me in fact the the visual character of the division is never completely of

sure and as I could observe by questioning especially women you know myself or by proxy through friends conductors so rate I could not do myself as a meaning so there are symbolic furthers over the representations of the organs you know and there's a feminine folklore which is a kind of inversion of the masculine in fellow narcissistic regions you know but in fact as a diversion it's dominated by advisor value it tends to suppress no and [Music] one of the principle of this very spot strategy is a factor of sailing to the mains they are not

what they pretend to be you know and so third process the operation the operation of social construction takes as a main object maybe the sexual act as such so I recruit recoated different the cabbies [Music] don't are not don't wait me you know they have a sue me I found two and both were related to must be family in Division one was about showing whether [Music] the main was so we know and we had the cone blade and the the female wants to imitate him and the decision maker so she had the belief that's what

one the other one was about lethality to justify the fact that in sexual act many mistakes the dominant opposition you know so I don't tell it is anything that is very long so and vocabulary handsome so it's only the sexual act is conflicted you know fool me fool withers a lot of lot of discourses sexual act is constructed in such a way that a man must be a goal and on the top on top and the women underneath the sexual art is so sexual act is all originally constructed as an act of illumination an act

of possession possession taking a woman by man the same applies to almost sexual relationship where the position top bottom is replaced by the opposition front back which is work and as a main opposition of the ledger and society first operation of construction the construction of the differential will uses of the body of the mobility department and and the rights of the social and I want with instant cellphone as animate students each other off about one aspect of the cavalry actual you don't understand that the beginning my informants insisted upon that and I you know I

was record and take notes but I do not understand why they face such attention to that they call that with words of dissociation from the moon and they are rituals which are a child for example there are different rituals to separate a boy from his mother many of which involves the use of cutting objects you know usual matter lanes on the right side and the boy is on his right side and between you put knives you put the pro-league everything I will say it was made by libraries yes and you lose if I know so

the the nice what he saw and after what a baby boy is deposited to the matter right you must feel inside where typically line masculine objects such as large knife plow and the stone from the fireplace and another example of this which works of separation is the first cut of the hair of the baby boy which is a rounded of a lot of ceremonies is a father who cut the hair which is a feminine feature and which attach is the world to the world of women another example is a father who first takes a young

son between ages of 6 and 10 to the market and that is introduces him into the typically masculine world and included games of the divide oh no the child is West new cozy and wear silk belt the belt is very important because the father is a garment which divides the body into the good part is a bad father it must be important a million pairs and so on and so and he receives nine-game the padlock and the mirror and at the door are not at the door the influence of the of the market race the

young son wakes an egg and open the padlock to acts of variety formation his father guides him into the marketplace and introducing him to the other participants of this extremist real world and here we could revoke shortner you know we are in the prestige logic you know of masculine which is one of the basis of all the masculine domination on their way home the father and so on father is owned by the head of a bull the phallic symbol preceding cut the leaf leaf is a point of Honor on each eye vision the head of

a bull which will be eaten on night and so so I don't be blocked because with all these resources actually could be analyzed in a page having common - to trait symbolic break socially of a night break between the masculine world and the feminine word between the boy and his mother and I think from this confrontation of the analysis that we was proposed starting from psychoanalytic theory and the kind of observations are proposed static from an anthropological position one could have a nice discussion but concreted not world about relationship between psychoanalysis and property are more

precisely between socialization and analysis of the process according to which video is socialized and constructed socially constructed so I don't give up this is to make explicit that that one could overcome one of the division of the analysis of mastering domination which my view the research another important thing in this of the basic operations is the fact that for seed continuously without any break from reality - who knows you know so manliness manliness is at the same time relative in by total sense you know in the most varied by by the first and especially in

women's talk you know it's a sphere and at the same time man genus work tab is called sack by lee side by this means that ability the fact of being curvy Kabhi you know the factory Cavill is the reality is is a beautiful competent power if you want and at the same time symbolic competence symbolic power and manliness even now historical studies about the boarding schools in England you know in 19th century you know manliness and so so my mom oddity and politics are inscribed in the body and all the owner the more all the

ethic of owner is included in one verb that can be used to to use to express the masculinity to manliness is a reverb travel it means to carol is a same family as qibla replies the major direction is east direction and travel is to to make failure to confront to look somebody other as a food in verses to solve your back in order to which is a family latitude you know so to be a male you know it is to be able to confront as a maze you know in a holistic and to look at

them to the eyes you know without law with eyes that is family in attitude which is taught so you have here which is very travel you have a connection between cosmology eastern and west West is a feminine duration and respectfully for this you know this opposition are described as logical opposition but what I try to do is related to what Elysee after I try to through social through aesthetic physicians the first ethnic linguistic opposition I try to substitute body bodily movement you know to low high as if you'd move movement from low to high you

know for Jo and as soon as you lose the physical movement you know you have a distinct time as values a transfer so this what I've surmised roughly the work of integration at once sexuality finance later and sexually differentiating this double work of aggregation imposes upon men and women different sets of disposition different sets of heritage which with regard to the social games held to be crucial to society such as a games of honor which are typically masculine war or the display of hostility Verity for advance of society or the most valued games such as

politics business science in France or the masculinization of male bodies and finis feminization of female bodies affects somatization of the cultural arbitrary which is a durable construction of the unconscious so the the socialization and transforms the domination into habitus and that means feminine manner or being or see the world and so on and having said that I went to the main thing in my view that is that one must understand masculine domination as symbolic Rison and so I try to to make that a species before whenever whenever they're dominated that is here women that is

true of any category of dominated person whenever eliminated applies to objects of the natural and social world and in particular to the relation of domination with which they are as near as well as to the person from which this relation realize itself men but also other women whenever the mere to do that what actually my sentence was too long to be ready so yes I tried whenever somebody who is in dominate position uses to perceive the relation of domination of the first person exactly domination principle of perception which is a product of the internalization of

the relation of domination he sees the relation as evident as trivial as normal and that happens in many many situations for example I can give an ID a medical exam one of the main obstacles when you conduct surveys about culture at least in front is the fact that as soon as you ask for questions about culture cultural competence the people without cultural completely manifest cultural cultural shame they hide they don't know they may lose either way you know they they you know they have a lot of emotion and in fact the most of the effects

of symbolic violence are emotions of passions or or both among them these acts of cognition because when you are able to be in the symbolic domain means to be in the cognitive in a place in which you have cognition and call it cognitive effect you know so when acts of cognition are operated in such a condition there are inevitably acts of misrecognition this misrecognition leads the dominated person to construe this relation of domination from the standpoint of the dominant that is as natural and thereby to collude in their own domination yeah the complicity of the

socialized body and this complicity of the socialized body is expressed not in terms of consciousness but in terms of emotion of passion and so on this body reacts of which recognition are not conscious acts they are not operations of consciousness they operate under the guise of emotion what 18th century philosopher use to call fashion and one of the mistakes that feminists wrongfully commit you know the same as some Marxist is the fact that they describe domination processes in terms of consciousness and they think that through rising of consciousness is the confusion you may say the

people or the woman's own that if is not a matter of consciousness as a matter of body matter of disposition and so on consciousness is not very proposal for example when you shy what does it mean I think statistically that shyness is very liquidy distributed according to social position and according to sociology you know and according to gender so if the Chinese is so difficult to win you know I think new age it with any position and so on is because is related to body and no to consciousness you say oh you guys to people

to be afraid why we don't make any effect so all the philosophy of the 80s philosopher 20 century also reflects a severe severe the passions equals this position you may replace you say that you may recall all the reflection of the philosopher event a 17th century like I need for the character or peels of both passions you know to describe what happens were say for example like Mitch said you can't fight against a passion the very reason is without any power to fight against oppression the only thing is to fight a passion with another passion

you know or to use what he called oblique or brick weed you know try to and so and I think I could've loved is a connection between love and and symbolic domination that would be wrong analysis but I give you all the a summary the kind of motto you know he says I'm or more exactly the sense you know is amor fati you know I was about 15 you know there's a situation said they treated more fatigue you must love you your fate your destiny and in a sense when we love we love our destiny

and homogamy in our society you know these you know and I believe up the historic response so indeed the case of gender domination shows better than any other there are symbolic violence accomplishes itself an act of completion and of misrecognition which lies beyond of Vinny's upon force of consciousness and wheel in the authorities of the Scimitar of habitus that are once gendered and generally and it demonstrates that we cannot adequately understand masculine domination and symbolic violence more generally without forsaking entirely the Scholastic opposition between coercion and constant external imposition and internal design constraint and register

the audience opposition are my view at official opposition but but well however of course the agreement between the objective division of the social world and the subjective principles of vision that agent apply to it there is always room for philosophers I don't know come back to respond so very possibly violence that I take from the Carolinian material from the microphone which is also worse by the historical example this theory differs from other theories in two major ways and IIT prophase first is two points first it is predicated on a dispositional those of fear of failure

your fraction which dispositional by opposition to consent philosophy this positional survey of action which can be deployed only by forsaking the philosophy of the subject which is being reincarnated under the first level of agency men and women construct the social world all right but they do so with forms and categories that are covered by the world everybody says after to expect with which they never feel nor make all of which they are not subjects when we say that the gender race class social categories and distinction are socially constructed unless we forget that there that there

are social conditions and mechanisms of construction of the contractor and for example then that one one of the most important constructor of the constructor in the state in modern societies state which yeah legitimate identities of official identities of gender race ethnicity nationality contribute to the construction of the instruments of construction we apply the reality and when as no mythology's ceased upon memorizing a white the fact that we must understand that we construct already they forget that the constructors are conflicted and we are conflicted as constructors by social structure who saw there is no contradiction between

the software is not constructive you may if you remember that when you construct in categories using composition high and low and so on you use categories we wish were set up in your mind of my new body by social mechanism I try to describe the case of the video and so you were constructed as construction and at the same with nationality the same way which is basically the same with the nikah freezer family so must masculine order is inscribed in both institutions and agents positions and dispositions things and word on the one hand and bodies

in the other and masculinity is switched aesthetically into the habitus into all harvest rows of men and rows of women so the fact that the mass VT is Saturday everybody body is very important because it gives a kind of objectivity a universality to these categories as they may be seen as tension Universal categories because everybody part eight these categories and to use it as a language of ten you know you can say we have a more confirmation and more confirm is we are conscious but the most invisible confirm is what he called logical confirm is

there is a fact that confirm it which is a result of the fact that we use the same logical categories cook to convert the world whenever postmodern people come with this kind of he says he is the where discovered yesterday you know you must look as a bibliography so they construct logical confirming stems from the fact that we are constructed as constructor agents who and being constructed in the same with we have transcendental ninety-one common good of thinking which being common to all the person of a society have permanent validity by this confirmation which word

confirmation that is not a very important effect for that reason that the fact of waking the comfort of logical form is very important in that sense family was very very important thing because it was the first many break of not only of more conformism it was it could have been better but it was first rate of the logical confirm evening which is much more difficult to to to cooker so second for presupposition of the theory of a simplified and second freezer magic on yes second basis if you want the materialist analysis with symbolic order most

theories of gender proceed either from a materialist analysis of the material order from the symbolic analysis of symbolic what I propose is to import the materialist mode of thinking into the analysis of the symbolic universe just as a favor important in this mode of thinking into sociology of religion the study of masculine domination highlights the severe shortcomings of materialist theories of domination these shortcomings are especially visible in the face of pre-capitalist societies in which symbolic capture is a preeminent form of power fortunately supported search sherry earth now have shown that one cannot understand sexual practices

and meaning meanings without taking into account the fact that rat master in action with always oriented work firstly but to draw the full implication of this finding one cannot rely on a symbolic analysis of a symbolic order we need a materialist theory of the economy of symbolic goals and symbolic exchange exchanges masculine domination I go too fast activists in domination the final analysis is founded from the logic of the economy of symbolic analysis that is upon the fundamental asymmetry between men and women instituted in the social construction of kinship and marriage that between subject and

object agent and instrument and while I should do is to try to show how this reason many perpetuate itself in distorted form in our society it is all relative autonomy of the economy of somebody chapter which explains as fast asleep in domination compared with rate itself despite our formations of the mode of production it follows that the relation with women can come only from a collective action Ament as a symbolic further the role of challenging the immediate agreement of embodied add objective structure that is form a symbolic revolution which questions the very foundations of the

production and reproduction of symbolic capital so in conclusion as fast as possible it is not as you may suppose it is not possible in such a brief talk to say everything and to say it in the right order especially our such a Sony and contentious top but I would like to close by suggesting three functions that his analysis of the Cobell case can play when we transfer and applied it to the understanding of contemporary society first this model can serve as a detector to locate and gather the if it is more classes and Stafford the

a bit weakest fragment of the unrest antique world and row centric world view which allows us to better understand the systemic character of my freedom divination I think must mean domination of faith as a system that maybe is one of the main things I would insist upon it allows us to better understand the systemic I feel mastering domination and how it comes to constitute male 880 or sexual fool as natural dinner second the analysis of the table case as a realized girl type provides a benchmark from measured measuring change and challenge on each of the

dimensions of masculine domination a helplessly distorted so the notion of symbolic violence enables earth to insist on TC faith under what conditions genuine gender revolution might become possible it would have to be a symbol of evolution that is involved not only in overturning or the other scenes of material structure but also mental revolution the transformation of the categories of passive that lead us to collude with the per physician of the social order to conclude I would not like to appear to partake of the race for theory that I'd applause years earlier but our topic is

a very serious one with man's intellectual and political consequence II my view we standard we said at a historical crossroad today as critical reason is in jeopardy both outside the university and also inside today cinema which which has the possibility of being one of the most powerful weapons of physical reason is in danger of being in offensive and irrelevant bias contamination by by with what is called in the United States post modernism now it is not the apologist of Cabiria but a sociologist of the university and the French University and of the foreign trade in

ideas who will speak I remember the theories like all symbolic goods all many of their teeny properties to their social conditions of production and circulation the italic world within which this vague and woolly academic discourse is a fascist itself as post-modernism has its hierarchy the system has higher fees his form of hegemony and with a really feminine must liberate itself from the domination of the most massive mastery of all kuroneko's disciplines philosophy and secondarily of philosophically which private very thoroughly this is especially necessary when most of what families world wars from postmodern philosophy was itself

board that surreptitiously from the Social Sciences I could give you example take only one to denaturalize with truth that is repeated this idea is as old as a word or at least as old as maximum that reality the reality is socially constructed of disk of silica structure with a fundamental proposition of classical social science common to mark variables of can anybody else notice and discovery and monopoly of so-called post-modernism instead of really relying on the construction trebonius should be confirmed the construction the construction it would discover that relate the latter has transported into feminism the

illusion of the omnipotence of thought which is constitutive of the typically masculine unconscious of philosophy the illusion in turn during the illusion typical of what I call campus radicalism that one changes the word the world by changing world that was a version of terms categories discourses surface needs to subvert of the key structures of domination and I will close with the remembrance of a conversation I had with Erving Goffman in front of the missile is not at all harmful filter shortly before his death he spoke about the need to wage the collective battle against the

social abuses of social scientists today we need to wage this further or also against the forces that work that work to reestablish the hegemony of bad philosophy over the social sciences at the time when more than ever before we need the tools of physical reason to counter the rationalization of the mission we'll have a three minute break to allow people who want to leave the room now to be able to leave before we start the discussion part of today's first guffin Prize lecture Oh [Music] okay we will ask the people who are standing in the

alleys to try to again go to a seat and sit down so that we can discuss start the discussion part of the first guffin prize lecture so so the floor is open for questions if you can try to shout your question and I'll try to repeat it so try to make your questions briefs and intelligible yeah okay the question is that in the first part of the speech professor for Joe suggested that feminism was affecting a revolution of categories and then later he suggests that we need to move away from simply changing the world by

trying to change words and so could he explain the differences between the two difficult question I was conscious I can tell you know that that there was something like a little contradiction and I must say that in my view symbolic revolution that is a change of mental structure it's it's a necessary condition but is not a sufficient condition but masculine domination is belongs to the category of symbolic domination I search any kind of subversive action must see step on [Music] changes in the mental structure and so on but mental structures are the same time incorporate

into body that into objective reality they are incorporated to the division of labor they are cooperating to the discipline for example in university as I suggested as yet you have masculine and feminine disappear is a beautiful article of both which property also about soft and hard disappear you know and soft disappears are filling disappear in our minds but at the same time negative reality when you look at the statistics of the distribution the distribution of [Music] made men and women it's the different disappears you know you see quiz I perfect correspondence between how our invasion

of the CPC fish in which is the determinant of our vocational choices for example for example or sociology is must within a psychologist feminization of Pacific wean public and the private you know if we have this operation in mind we and we when we say I die for security in fact it's a masculine a choice and I don't know if you know and and but this my screen shows is really forced and positively sanctioned by the fact that if I go into sociology I will find me and for example when we do conduct interviews with

young girls who disappear or in a track you know in academic career you know in which which is seen as non masculine or feminine if she feels alone she I had an interview with a young girl of sixteen you know she she was the only girl among boys and so he is five that you know she said I come back everything in life and I cried I said to my father I can stage too difficult she was not you know how asked you know in any manner so she was in a very strange position everything

recall her that he should not be there oh she was so unfavorable you know so that's another thing it always the same with people coming from all over fast you know when they go into places in which they should not be there are equal at every moment that they should not be there yes in which African African reckon students who are the only one you know so they are so exceptional they they they must they may have the feeling of being in Morocco in exam one g of the effects for people coming from lower background

when they he was they go to Cambridge or to such place you know they feel they're geniuses you know they say my no feeling there for that reason to change mental categories humor change velocity for who which produce these mental categories and to change the objective structure you must change mental categories because they fill it with a reproduction of mental cafe which contribute contributes to reproduce of the ticket anguish reciprocation they all produces discipline hierarchy but I think the question for Guffman my illusion is beginning to to Kaufman it was in front of me the

first time we met Terry told me look you are French Corazon you multiboot Athos and by chance you know it was not true postmodern I saw he's not fit too much attention for French philosophy so you did good work [Music] the question is from professor would you mentioned the notion of ducks ah he's talked about sexuality being autonomous in our own societies and not being autonomous in the pre capitalist society that he analyzed and so could he talk about this process of autonomy zation of sexuality yes I think it's something I discovered you know very

recently so I was very very clear about that I think effectively I think it's very very important to my something I did not see clearly I have in mind the fact that I think well you just say in a recent European society until as developed you know in to debate the slipper circus is really meets everything as such sexuality for sexuality state you know as our for our sake our theories as a citizen in 6:33 for second sake yes you know this type of Akula you know of of sex you know which is which interests

so much of both models you know this is this is related to economic and social conditions very very special which are not allowed which are not present in three captive societies or even in most [Music] social you know directly now in the working class you know in the peasant so on it does not and so because something autonomous and then like says you know what in you you need to have that you need to have the magazine's sexual consultants you know I don't know consider the therapists and psychoanalyst and so on and the vocabulary and

language specific language you know in a sense you know we take a video women speak some all the time about sexuality as a university everything is sexual in OCD sexually you look at you know why I was asking question to a man and his wife was younger bigger was behind a 15 and when I asked a question she was nothing at me you know so they were dog meaning you know but meanings are not constructed there are you you can speak about that in front of children you know when you you make a ritual it's

easy they refer to sexual sexuality now sense you know that is not sexy because it's not when you have a war painting you know that's all the symbol that are sex it's like if you want there is a launch - you know symbolic colors always revealed and so no must be remember everything maybe this fiber sexual but at the center is not separation reform symbolic environment and in such a way that it's not it's not work as well as constitutive means that is not considered as such Max Weber says [Music] the economy becomes economy in

our society when equal to V we see Alice Alice you know Anton Tom Cruise in French ass you know sexuality as sexuality that is something new something a story for my view and for that reason we are to understand when we take the theory of symbolic violence physical violence tends to fall out of the picture for instance police violence police brutality or domestic violence how do we reincorporate physical violence within the theory of body violence yes you know I think it is very common for me I as soon as you give up very making visible

the symbolic aspect of actions you know you twist the stick you know in the opposite direction you're simply by physical violence it's evident now for the first who is to meet the treat and even for the person who operated so and the symbolic violence I have the property of being in a sense invisible to raise violence is your loss and very soft violence that you are submitted to without doing it or loving and for example cultural domination you know is a terrible symbolic violence because of the people who were self-taught person you know deprived of

cultural space special victims of symbolic violence exerted through the cultural reposition you know so when you say be construction or symbolic financing for important yes you are in danger we seem forgetting physical violence but I don't forget it you know and and I think that be very important in terms of philosophy of history I don't like philosophy of history but really very dangerous yes so you know my view some tendencies in historical tendencies you know people like that especially here modernization as a realization if this process is you know so vague that nobody may put

it in sensing a point he there's one tendency is a tendency to substitute symbolic violence to physical violence in modern societies in a sense for example nobuseri yesterday at 9:00 I wrote you know 42 he said to this you know he of the civilization process and so on I think that in a sense there's a radius the philosophy of history is that physical violence is the definition you know when it is quite a sport appearance and so on you have the substitution to to soft riders to to but the what he forgets the symbolic violence

you know it does not see that in modern states for example you know the many issues which were very many positions which were exerted through physical violence so police who are mini and so on may be exerted through symbolic violence and for that reason many Revolutionary Wars become evolutionary and feminist is one you know better some post-colonial world are a symbolic revolution against Imperial is what I call the universal invalid I will give you an example of or the best example you know of symbolic imposition is what I call the imperialism of the universal you

know you say democracy as what what even free democratic you know it's a favor if you are perfect you offer the best that humanity may offer forever to you impose it in such a way that the only manner of revolting is to be seen as your rational anti-democratic fundamentalist and so on from from you so if I difficult to traverse against a French tradition was the typical imperialism of Universal French Revolution was seen as a model for any kind of revolution if you haven't the French Revolution will happen you haven't revolution so so yes you

know max east of any country chattering every where you have why did we not have a French Revolution that is what historical fictions they were five books you know about the topic and so what's the wash tonality is something we accept as universal and when you say I could own eyes you in a name of Oh hazel you are in bad shape you know it's difficult so you are necessarily irrational there you are you know nationalistic you are and simply guidance system is imported I seem to understand this guy seem to understand that people make

they strong revolts and then we have to overcome the fact that there that they are seen as absurd observe you know why do you do that why do you work you have a nice salary your thoughts on your everything and you want in addition to be respected that's too much yeah I think he's focused we'll just talk about the role of the state and now it is involved in the reproduction of the opposition between male and female and if you could elaborate on that point that will be along shortly you know you know that it

is very definition of state you know wonderfully of symbolic of violence you know so I tend to say to understand the role of the state you you must say answer your question the state has a monopoly of physical violence that was my favor has in mind for your physical violence the police army and so on and yes forces from River areas is a development of waiver from in many respects but I add a monopoly or physical and symbolic violence you know and I think it's important to do what I have in mind the fact that

the state has the monopoly of the good region of the world you know if it has a monopoly of the Nomos you know in the week a very postmodern is I think I speak Greek you know so know most is comes from the label in wickedly mo means to partake to divide to cut to pieces and so on and to distribute that if importance to disagree and to distribute equally you know assembly no more sister state usually by law law and in state the monopoly of the normal sphere sapporo body or the principle of region

of division of categorization process you know it says that's amazing if you mean whatever it is a foreman you know terms as we know now he says that is a lawyer that is not we give to Greece and the research certificate typically typically state asked the arts of certification universities give certification certification there's a stage 1 3 what you are you may claim to be a man you make them to be I don't know anything so the state might who has a monopoly of symbolic violence and my mind is much more important than the monopoly

of Cisco driving at the same doji because the other one if I believe you seriously believe violence is not seen and in fact it's much more important it means that we have the state in mind you know we have state categories and there are also people about the state which I thought were very nice get reading off of Thomas Bennett you know about about state says no we are as children when we were submitted to the state that school we were the other state we have a state mandatory doing procedures you want to take and

leave generates a writer editor so one of the programs to be a sociologist you know is to know that we have statements you know we have and we study state with statements so everything seems evident it's the most important thing and one of the program for sociology is to is to objectify our minds you know same I try to do with our masculine mind here we we we have state minds and so so that was nice last one no yeah yeah maybe one minute one minute break for the second train [Music] with amount of form

of a position with vertically above 40 remaining from the investment lawyers will work so we have this one question and then we'll have one more question to gentleman over there yeah yeah this is a question about the role of psychoanalysis in the professor Borges theory of symbolic violence what does the what role does psychoanalysis play in it there is a borrowing of terms such as narcissism sublimate and so on there is also explicit and allergies made with psychoanalytic processes and so are these simply borrowings of common places from psychoanalysis or do these concepts and notions

play an analytical role I think I try to give to these terms and to this mother's name an analytic and control world but I am afraid that from time to time I fall down into naive and common usage you know she's very very different and and so I confess it's not most masters aspect of my work my total watch something which is very important for me especially now I had listened to a discussion with psychoanalysis colleges called the Jack met studying haven't the reference because you could find the beginning of a systematic elaboration of the

problem in the discussion I had with him I have interaction but I could send it to you if we were giving you away and we had the discussion about in studying the problems which are as a limit of sociology and psychology studies the mystical feminine linguistically persons you know of 19th century like centers it is you [Music] more and know I know you know and the problem in the face in which the problem of articulating what is usually studied psychoanalysis and what is audio so did social surgery the problem is negative present and we may

discuss it conflicted with stead of confronting either method of concern and for example one of the contribution I was to to make visible that this person who can be described as living and who could be analyzed psychological terms this persons are submitted to we so social reworking all the first things you know according to the necessities of constraints of what I could call the religious field of the time in which they were and I use the same kind of model or when I used to be hydrogen has a magazine that can be studied with the

tools of psychoanalysis speaking of hellish complex or and as sociologists we may elaborate an analysis of the reworking by society but most particularly by things like figures of your field you see some real elaboration all these persons you know how they are expressed how they how they negotiate no it's a it's a anthropocentric region no but you know it's easier to express how the person has to negotiate their expression you know for example those many vocational choices you know maybe despite my view as transactions negotiation between persons and you know and the position in the

field may be seen objective expectation which gives to somebody the possibility of expressing in social socially acceptable terms persons which need another field or another position in the field in this field could not be expressed and you understand what I mean you know and so it's very difficult to my view to make division between what belongs to psychoanalysis what we don't see sociology and so to understand why somebody it has a wonderful case of a paranoiac priest you wrote very precise I see God could have been there is a religion or some either at the

determinant moment I just filled with with reduce tradition these people we know that we books where there are mystical traditions they have example so you know that I mean see these people may express traditions which would have put them out of the normal life you know the time and they could not resort to the language the symbolic language of busy season for example so I don't know say I'm free yeah you have you know if I seem to bring food you know it's a place in which things which would be seen as non normal you

know can be expressed in a socially acceptable way and for example women you have many many mystic women women you know and they have two manner of fighting you get free event priesthood which is mastery you and and so and and to express sexual see evidently sexual symbol of the of the half of three suffice it so you have a lot of things which are AB&C sexual for me to say to ask the question what's between you sociology and psychoanalysis I see the problem is always the same is to find situation concrete concrete scientific problems

you know in which the problem is raised in such a manner that makes sense to ask to the question what you do as a psychologist what you do as a sociology and as soon as you has this kind of problem all these very discussions you know 14 years of the needs of hierarchy that is a fear and we work together understand so but to say it for a stoical reasons psychoanalyst are not well prepared to have the discussion for insecurity you know you are always a higher fee of discipline psychology other psycho so of mine

even itself you and this best in mind consciousness the other side of soul you know and and the choice is on the side of buddhini of material seeds and so on so you have a hierarchy and then psychoanalyst are not [Music] [Music] the government trial the question was about what do we do about the coexistence in society of two kinds of categories abstract categories universal categories related to commodity forms that tend to Amin like differences and then concrete categories of the kind that you that you analyzed how do we make the to cohere together and

how do we provide an analytic framework where we can understand their relation one should discuss about precisely you know these effort Kathy always you you refer to I don't see where you know what you have in mind is it what community forum yeah I know able to answer that I think there is a good question but I don't there to provide know what this is one of the differences perhaps between the first modern thinker who always as an answer to every question and a free postmodern finger who doesn't always and and on this note I

would like to thank to congratulate professor forger for the first