Funções Executivas do Cérebro - Funções Executivas Neuropsicologia (Neurociência e Aprendizagem)

Hello, my name is Nathalie, I I'm from Cerebral Influencer and, today, I'm here, to talk to you on Executive Functions. So, we will understand a a little bit better, what are the executive functions, that way they act, within the our day to day, what is the influence they have on our life and, let's talk a little bit, too, about which are the effects of a decline in executive functions and the otherwise, too. What happens with people who have a high level in executive functions.

Let's talk a little bit, too, about stimulation, these executive functions. Be welcome to this video. Me I want to share with you the knowledge that neuroscience currently has about functions executive.

You probably have heard of cognition, right? There are tasks that depend on our cognition. And I'll clarify, a little bit, for you, what neuroscientists call of cognition.

So, the functions of cognition, they define the our thinking, our memory and our perceptions. Perceptions are different of sensations. Sensations are the stimuli that come to us through our government bodies 5 senses.

So U. S we have the vision, the smell, the taste, the touch and the stimuli that reach us, through these senses, right! And today, the people talk about a sixth sense, which is perception.

What do you have, right? The feeling that you have to be, to belong to a location. So, I don't I need to look at my foot, know that my foot is part of my body.

So this, too, today, it is considered as a sense, a sixth sense. And all the stimuli that arrive to us, through these bodies, of the five senses, are called sensation. Perception, it is the interpretation that the subject does that feeling.

So she is a little bit more complex, because it involves. what the guy thinks about that stimulus, that sensation, that he is receiving. The other forms of cognition, they will define the behaviors of beings humans, okay?

And, they will define, also, the forms of action. What is the emotional issue what does it involve? So, as that this being, deals with emotions.

So, cognitions, in fact, they are our reasoning as a whole. Since, the parts, which are more simple. How do you get feel, right?

Have the feeling that you're playing something. No wanting to belittle, saying let this be a mechanism simple, that our brain does, but considered, a little less complex, even the issues more complex reasoning and, also of personality, of behavior. So, all things that will consider the history of being.

As happens in perception, because the we end up noticing the events, according to our memory. We made a video talking about memory and for those who haven't yet watched this video, I I highly recommend you see. So, we are talking about memory, like a whole, and focusing on memory operational.

And this video it's about executive functions. So, let's continue with that. I will talk to you, one little bit about behaviors and about what psychologists consider as a behavior.

So, the behavior, is an interaction action from individual with the environment in which he it's inserted. When these actions, are intentional. When they are conscious, they demand one planning.

And, this planning, will consider the individual history of each to be. So, it will take memory into account, what he has experience with relation that. He will also consider the circumstances of the present moment.

So it will consider what has already happened and will consider what he is living in that moment. And go make a plan, a planning action. What happens?

It turns out that these actions and this planning, he must take into account, the issue adaptation and it must be flexible. Because, not always, environments are the same. So, we are currently living a time when people need to be secluded, within their homes.

They cannot go out. We are experiencing a pandemic. So, it's an environment new.

It is a new situation that it hadn't happened before. So, despite people, having some experiences, suddenly, coming To this. Older people who may have lived in your childhood, World War II.

She already have a perception, a little bigger. She already has a experience of living, right? An crisis, like that, and the younger ones, do not.

So, they will take in experience only their current status. But, there is a plan that requires flexibility because the things that we could do before, we can't do it now. Needs to be adaptive and needs to be flexible.

Perhaps, the moment that you are watching this video, this pandemic no longer exists more. I hope so, but the moment he is being recorded, she is our current reality, okay? Then the that I meant, that we are currently living that.

At the time of recording of this video that, it could be that you watch it later on. So, I said, right? On behaviors, which in the case they would be conscious actions.

Something that is previously there and that requires planning. And this planning, it requires that being, consider what he already lived. That, he considers the current circumstances, of which he is living.

And, this group, so to say, actions. All of these questions, they are, our executive functions. So, executive functions, they are psychological functions higher.

So, how was the our memory. Because? Why, they involve a range, from processes, within our brain.

And, this is what we calls executive functions. The functions, they aim at control and regularization of information within our brain. It is up to the executive functions to control the environment and look at the variables, to the possibilities, to achieve one certain objective.

So, she does a conscious action, okay? It is linked to the planning conscious actions, taking into account, what are the possibilities, that moment. Executive functions, they have a role in the issue of be, socially, cognitively and in the form in emotional behavior, too.

Lúria, is a theorist who studied very thoroughly all the issues of Neuroscience and, processes that involve our brain. And according to Lúria, he believes that executive functions, are connected to our frontal lobe. Which is located here.

The frontal lobes, have a vast territorial area. And them are not just responsible, for our executive functions. Why do they, too, encompass other areas of our cognition.

Within our frontal lobes, there is also the our eye field - which is responsible for the movement of our eyes. It is also part of of the frontal lobes, the Drll. And, this area is responsible for our language.

The frontal orbit that is responsible for our personality, too, is located, in our wolves front. Later on, I I put a table, which makes the division of our areas brain, cortex and parties that are involved, inside our brain. So, this is a table of geographic location, even.

IS, so that you can understand, a little bit better, the location of what the people are talking today. So, we're talking about, Cortex, from Pre-Frontal Cortex. What area does it occupy inside our brain?

Is table, to leave, in a a little more didactic way, the geographical location, of these points that are being addressed. So, inside our brain, we have the Pre-Central Cortex. And, he is responsible for our movements.

The Cortex Pre-Engine, he is responsible for those movements and sequences, movements, that were previously learned. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for planning and execution of intended actions. I put this table, with this geographical location, for that you can understand that our executive functions, they are located in our Pre-frontal cortex.

This region, of the prefrontal cortex, it communicates with our brain, as a whole. She also receives information from our limbic system, our reticular system, our hypothalamus and neurotransmitters These communication routes of the Pre-Frontal Cortex, they allow that area, make the integration between the medium internal, through our limbic system and the medium external, through our sensory pathways. With that, she manages to integrate reason and emotion.

Is important say that, despite the, Lúria to have said that executive functions, they are in our frontal lobe, actually, they are not exclusive to this area territorial, okay? Because, they also communicate with other areas of our brain. So, considering what we saw until here, right?

And all this learning we had, we can say, that our executive functions are skills to plan and regulate our thoughts, actions and emotions. Our roles cerebral, they all occur at the same time, in a way automatic, within our brain, but didactically, is easier, we understand, when divisions are made and, so our functions executive, are divided into: self-control, memory operational and flexibility. Self-control is our ability to withstand some thing.

So, is you getting control an impulse, right? Tue control over impulses that, often happen in a way automatic. Our memory operational, it is responsible for storing information, so that a action, using this memory, huh?

These information. So, you need to remember to run. We have a video that explains, in detail, what is the working memory and I ask for you to check this video because it is also complex.

Not only that, but more or less, in a way simpler, this is what she does. So, she gets that information, it stores that information and it helps, being in task execution - activity. And finally, flexibility.

What is that? And the your ability to look at several aspects of the same issue. So, it is considered that the people who are skilled cognitively speaking, are those who can look, suddenly, the same object, a same situation on other strands, right?

That ability that people have, suddenly find solutions to problems, look for other ways, get have one greater abstraction power, right? Than the other people who end up looking at just a part. No they can see so much, the whole.

So, that would be the flexibility. Bruce Morton, a researcher at the University of Western, Canada. In the year of 2013, conducted a survey, where he measured at executive functions of some subjects.

And in his article, he states that subjects who have high efficiency in functions executives, have as gain, a better physical health, prosperity financial and success in its academic achievements. In On the other hand, people who have a low efficiency of cognitive functions, present more depression, behaviors inadequate and difficulties in learning. The cited article, previously, is in our bibliographic references, which will appear at the end of this video, so you can check that research and understand, a a little better, the methodology that this researcher used to reach that result.

Let's think together then, a little bit about this article, right? Why, since we are talking about executive functions and the importance of these functions executives in our daily lives, this article, it leaves a lot explicit to us, what which is really, right? The gain of executive functions, more efficient.

So, if we think that our executive functions, they are responsible fur planning, by flexibility, of our behaviors, our actions and that they will make a Link. An interconnection, between our emotions and the our reasoning, then, is obvious, right? We think that, the people who have more efficiency within their executive functions, they they can plan better.

For you to have financial prosperity, it is important that you know, manage the resources that you have. You know to plan. May you succeed look at situations for others strands, right?

Many people, make money from the scholarship values. And, what does that mean? That these people, they have a capacity in greater abstraction because they can look, suddenly, for a time of crisis, as an opportunity.

While, most of us end up focusing only in that crisis. So, it's a capacity even a ability to be more flexible. And, that's why these people, throughout their life, end up reaching, a greater financial gain.

We will think now, a little bit, about depression. So, people which has a low efficiency executive functions, they end up feeling more depressed, why? Why, they have a greater focus on the problem, they has less abstraction ability and, they have less ability to flexibility.

So, they end up becoming much more for what is not good. For what is in deficit, right now, right? And end up forgetting about other things.

Academic success, right? And the his absence is very clear, because obviously, if you have a greater capacity for planning, execution, if you have a good memory operational. We will see that working memory has already in the previous video.

She is totally connected to success academic. So, if the person, she has good executive functions and the working memory is inside that, then it ends up yes, having greater success, in your questions. What's the matter to see the issue of behavior, this socialization, because that people who have the roles more efficient executives, they end up being better related?

They end up having personal relationships and interpersonal, better, with more quality. It's for the question of self-control. Remember I I told you that the self-control, is within the our executive functions?

So, that's exactly it. If I I can control if I a look, where am i? THE location, in which I am inserted, and act according to the rules, with the norms of society, logically, I will relate better.

Another given of this research, which is very interesting to talk about, is that people who has more skills inside, of their functions executives, they have no criminal acts, because? Because when you can see the things for a another strand. When you have flexibility of thinking.

Can you consider more the another, right? So, you take a little focus on yourself and starts looking at the other. People, look at the importance of functions executive, right?

There's a lot that we think is not in our control and in fact, these things, they are, right? In fact, thus, they happen in a very automatically but they have everything, a processing inside our brain, inside our mind. And it all what happens, is related yes and including acts criminals are related with low efficiency of executive functions.

In general, most of our functions, they will develop in a form automatic, right? So then, you don't necessarily need to do something to that you reach your brain maturity because it happens, in a way efficiently and, not necessarily need aid. But, what we recommends is that children from small, they are, stimulated so that they develop their cognitive skills in a more efficiently.

So, all those activities that we give to the child, fittings, shapes in the right place. So, triangle, there, in space, where fits the triangle, the ball. Yes, she is working, the executive functions.

When we play with children with mazes, so they need to find one way, to find a way out. THE people, you're talking about resolution problems, board games, then, these are all stimulations. Nor all beings, receive a adequate stimulation in childhood.

It's normal, because often people, have ignorance, they don't know importance of these processes, of these games. Many parents, too, don't have time, right? To be playing with the its children, in short, is for a series of questions, right?

It happens! So, not all world is completely stimulated in childhood, to the point of achieving efficiency very large in functions executive. The good part of that, is that it is not lost.

So, if you couldn't, be stimulated, if you feel, that sometimes, you end up having some behaviors there, a little "clueless" or a very great difficulty for see things about a another aspect, difficulty in Problems solution. If you feels abstraction difficulty huh? So, taking the focus off a certain thing and, get to look, the thing of a way, a little bit wider, right?

If you have financial difficulties, difficulties in financial control, all of that it's not lost, okay? Because this stimulation, it can be done after adulthood and she, also, has positive results and significant. So today, there is training that is able to stimulate their executive functions so that you achieve yes, more efficiency.

This training it is proven scientifically, done in a personalized way for each being. So, you will say what are your goals and will put your goals within that training. And with this, you will train.

It is like if it was a gym, only it is a gym cerebral. You will take your brain to work, to do a training if develop, get stronger, huh? More powerful, more efficient, in a 100% online gym and made for you, with a coach accompanying you.

So, there will be a coach, as if it were your personal trainer who will track your workouts and get you assist in development of this. And this training, he was also made to work executive functions. So, it will help, in those three issues that we talked about in beginning.

Self-control, the working memory and the flexibility of thinking. If you are interested in know this training and know more about him. Stay on, ok?

ahead there, along these videos. Our subject today it was the executive functions. Me I hope you have liked, liked, right?

This theme and have mainly understood and understood the importance of functions executives in our daily lives. And how much they are present in absolutely everything what do we do? Who liked of this video!

I will ask for that you enjoy, so that you share, but for that, mainly, you leave the your comments, put the doubts you have, put suggestions for us, okay? I will love to be part of this debate and I'm going to commit to responding to your doubts. I'll answer, as many doubts as possible.

We will create a community of conversations, right? So that we can better understand the functioning of this body sensational, which is our brain. And that we can, anyway, create a discussion, right?

Of understanding, of understanding. Because information is the best form of transformation. And the from it that transformation it's possible.

So I hope that you have stayed informed and we see ourselves in next video. Thanks.